Folic acid is one of the vital vitamins. As a rule, in usual diet There is not much of it, so vitamin B9 deficiency is far from uncommon. To replenish the balance you need to know correct dosage folic acid and be able to properly consume additional folate.

Vitamin B9 ( medical name– folic acid), this is one of the most important nutrients for humans, which is needed for many processes in the body. Folic acid helps cells grow and maintain DNA integrity, so the vitamin prevents the development oncological diseases.

In addition, folic acid is involved in hematopoiesis and helps the functioning of the heart and blood vessels. By improving blood circulation, acid has a beneficial effect on the immune system, improving work nervous system and the general condition of the body.

BY THE WAY
Our intestines can produce folic acid itself, but in very small quantities, so the bulk of this vitamin must come from food.

Reception features

Like any other drug, folic acid must be taken regularly. At the same time, take into account its interaction with other drugs. For example, acid reduces the effect of phenytoin, therefore, its dose needs to be increased.

A number of substances reduce the absorption of folic acid by the body:

• Antacids
• cholestyramine,
• some antibiotics (sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, neomycin, polymyxin)

The effect can also be reduced by:

• cytostatic drugs ( Methotrexate),
• antibacterial agents (Pyrimethamine),
• diuretics (Triamterene).

With this option, instead of folic acid, doctors prescribe calcium folinate.

How to take for prevention

For prevention, small daily doses of B9 are used: 400 mcg for adult.

For teenagers this dosage may be prescribed to prevent anemia, immunodeficiency and retarded physical development.

Women Those planning pregnancy are recommended to take 1 mg of acid per day once medicinal purposes for six months to reduce all kinds of fetal malformations.

When is the best time to take

"Folka" must be taken orally after eating, as indicated in all instructions for the drug.

The fact is that taking vitamins on an empty stomach can lead to irritation of the gastric mucosa: like other acids, folic acid increases its acidity. This provokes stomach diseases - gastritis, ulcers, etc.

If you take a vitamin while eating, food will be more difficult to digest, since the acid forms an insoluble complex with zinc.

Important: If you miss a pill, you do not need to take a double dose

Admission to courses

To maintain optimal level folic acid in the body requires its daily intake.

ADVICE:
It is better to drink any vitamins in the morning during breakfast, with plenty of liquid. This way the body can easily remove undigested vitamin excess.

How many folic acid tablets should you take per day?

The number of tablets depends on the mass in it active substance, since folic acid is now sold in different dosages.

Most often, folic acid is sold in pharmacies in a dosage of 1 mg. For medicinal purposes, you need to use 1-2 tablets. per day. Pregnant women – 1 tablet per day for prevention.

Folic acid and vitamin E: dosage regimen

Vitamin E and folic acid - pair useful elements, which complement each other. Most often, gynecologists prescribe this combination of vitamins to girls from the first stages of pregnancy or to those who are just planning it.

Vitamin E and B9 guarantee full development internal organs child and central nervous system development. Vitamin E is directly responsible for reproductive system, increases a girl’s fertility, reduces the threat of miscarriage in the short term, and prevents the placenta from exfoliating.

Strengthens when consumed with folic acid intestinal wall, the mother’s condition improves: efficiency increases, immunity strengthens, and the nervous system is restored.

Optimal dosage:

• Vitamin B9 (folic acid) - 0.8 mg per day.;
• Vitamin E (tocopherol) - 0.3 mg per day..

Is it possible to take folic acid without prescription?

Any pharmacy will tell you that this medicine is available without a doctor's prescription.

If you find yourself deficient in folic acid, then the smallest daily dose will not harm you, since the excess is eliminated by the body on its own.

Most best option– Dietary supplements that already contain folic acid. Like vitamin complexes, Dietary supplements contain many other useful substances.

ADVICE :
The daily volume of folic acid is determined various factors: gender, age, lifestyle and body condition; Only a doctor can help you in the selection.

Despite the widespread belief that folate is easily excreted from the body and an overdose is impossible, it must be taken into account that the vitamin has a number of contraindications:

• increased sensitivity to B9,
• malignant anemia,
• oncology,
• vitamin B12 deficiency.

Release forms

Folic acids in pharmacies can be found in the form of powders or tablets (usually 1 mg, 25 and 50 pieces per pack).

However, there are other forms of release:

100 mcg

• the minimum dosage can be prescribed by a doctor for prevention;
• 100 mcg is how many mg: 0.1 mg

400 mcg

• dosage in tablets 400 mcg:
  1 tab. per day (if there is no deficiency), or half a tablet (1/2 tablet of acid) with a dosage of 1 mg per day - for children over 4 years of age and adults as maintenance treatment; pregnant women to prevent fetal defects
• 400 mcg is how many mg: 0.4 mg;
• folic acid 400 mcg is how many tablets:
  1 tab. dosage of 400 mcg or a quarter of a tablet with a dosage of 1 mg - the recommended daily dose for women childbearing age and during pregnancy.

800 mcg

• dosage in tablets 800 mcg:
  1 tab. or a little less than 1 tablet. a dosage of 1 mg is prescribed during pregnancy and lactation.
• 800 mcg is how many mg: 0.8 mg

1 mg

• dosage in tablets 1 mg:
  1 tab. for the treatment of anemia, pregnant women - from 1.2 to 2.5 tablets. per day in the first trimester.
• 1 mg is how many micrograms: 1000 mcg

4 mg

• dosage in 4 mg tablets:
  attributed to planning pregnancy. There is no need to be afraid of such doses: if the doctor prescribed this volume for you, it means that you or your baby are lacking B9

5 mg

• dosage in 5 mg tablets:
  adults 1 tablet. per day for the treatment of vitamin deficiency, for children - in smaller doses depending on age
• 5 mg is how many grams: 0.005 g

Folic acid dosage for children

Folic carbon dioxide is necessary for growth and proper development body, because directly in childhood the body's immunity is developed, the main life-support systems are formed, so it is important to give the child everything essential vitamins for its construction.

Baby

Infants are recommended 25 mcg of folic acid every day. At normal development the baby gets all the nutrients from mother's milk, but if the doctor has identified a lack of nutrients in the newborn, B9 is prescribed additionally. Premature babies often require folic acid.

Teenager

During adolescence, B9 is necessary for children for the normal course of sexual development: vitamin B9 helps young body install hormonal balance. IN awkward age Many people face skin problems on their face and body: acne, pimples, redness. With the help of folic acid you can fight redness and irritation of the skin.

To prevent vitamin deficiency, children at this age are recommended to take 150-200 mcg, which is half a tablet with a dosage of 400 mcg. But we must remember that if the body needs restoration, then therapeutic doses acid is determined by the doctor.

Schoolboy

Folic acid for children school age from 6 to 10 years old, it is prescribed at a dosage of 100 mcg per day; from 10 to 14 years – 150 mcg.

Schoolchildren need vitamin B9 for regulation brain activity to help children cope with their academic workload and relieve emotional stress.

How much folic acid do children need: summarizing

Daily value for women

To maintain the balance of vitamins in the body adult woman You must take at least 400 mcg of folate per day.

In addition to the fact that vitamin B9 strengthens the body, normalizes internal processes and improves general condition, folic acid (folic acid, as mothers like to call it) is of particular importance for women:

• has a beneficial effect on the reproductive organs,
• stops hair loss, rejuvenates and tones the skin;
• normalizes hormonal levels;
• reduces menopause symptoms;

How many times to take per day

Doctors advise taking folic acid (vitamin B9) like all other vitamins according to the following regimen: 1 time per day, preferably in the morning, with meals. Drink with a small amount of water.

Daily intake when planning pregnancy

Doctors always prescribe folate for pregnant women. Normally, a woman should receive 400–600 mcg of acid per day, this is half a tablet with a dosage of 1 mg.

Daily value for pregnant women

How many weeks should I take folic acid?

Due to the fact that folate is not accumulated by the body, acid is needed already in the first weeks of pregnancy, doctors recommend taking it at the planning stage of the baby.

IMPORTANT!A woman's body needs vitamin B9 most in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Daily value for nursing mothers

At breastfeeding a young mother should drink this medicine at a dosage of at least 500-800 mcg of “folk” per day. It is better to take it as part of dietary supplements or multivitamins, since at this moment not only the mother’s body needs nutrients, but also the baby’s.

Daily value for men

If male body will receive at least 700 mcg of folic acid daily, the risk of sperm production will be reduced with different types abnormalities in chromosomes by 25-30%.

To avoid infertility in men, it is recommended to take B9 together with vitamin E.

When a couple is planning a pregnancy, a man needs to take folic acid 2-3 months in advance.

Conclusion

1. Vitamin B9 ( in other words folic acid) participates in the formation circulatory system and immunity.
2. Folic acid is primarily needed women, who decided get pregnant, as it participates in the normalization of the process of formation and development of the fetus.
3. Folic acid for men necessary for good functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, improving memory, and increasing fertility.
4. Folic acid is prescribed children to improve appetite, brain function and immunity.

IN lately Many drugs are used to treat and prevent problems with the thyroid gland. If Yodomarin has been chosen for use, the instructions for use should be analyzed carefully, since this drug has its own characteristics. Iodine is a trace element that ensures optimal functioning of the thyroid gland. Hormones secreted in the latter perform large number various tasks.

They are responsible for the majority metabolic processes that occur in the body itself. There is a regulation of brain, nervous and cardiovascular activity.

Indications for use

A deficiency, like an excess of iodine, leads to a number of problems, especially in adolescents, pregnant women and breastfeeding women. Iodomarin tablets are necessary during lactation, so dosages should be increased. 200 mcg/day is the optimal dose for the body.

Iodomarin 200 enters the body through the placenta and is excreted along with breast milk, therefore the presented drug should be used only in recommended doses.

Iodomarin during pregnancy is used not only for treatment, but also for prevention various ailments related to the thyroid gland. The presented microelement is simply indispensable for normal performance glands. The concentration of iodine in the body can only be adjusted by ingestion from the outside.

This element cannot be synthesized in the body itself, and therefore it is so important to monitor the intake of iodine. Regular use of drugs prevents the development of a number of diseases, including endemic goiter.

Iodomarin 200 helps replenish the lack of iodine, which does not come from food in the required amount. This is especially true in endemic areas where there is a widespread shortage of this compound.

Main indications for use:

1. Prevention of thyroid diseases, which may be caused by a lack of iodine in the body.
2. Reimbursement of the necessary connection for persons who need large volumes (children, pregnant women, nursing mothers).
3. Prevention of goiter after surgical intervention or completion of the main course of treatment.
4. Therapy of other diseases that are caused by insufficient iodine intake.

You can take Iodomarin as follows:

1. As prophylactic children - from 50 to 100 mcg per day.
2. Adults and adolescents - from 100 to 200 mcg per day.
3. Pregnant and during breastfeeding- 200 mcg per day.

For prevention, a dose of 100 to 200 mcg per day will be required. Any preventive course is carried out over a long period of time. In some cases, taking the drug lasts a lifetime.

Instructions for use indicate that the drug should be used after meals.

Before you start taking it, you should read the list of side effects.

If the drug is used in dosages up to 50 mcg/day, there is a possibility of latent hyperkeratosis becoming manifest. In this case, everything will become noticeable clinical signs illness.

Who can use it?

Hyperkeratosis is a condition that occurs as a result of increased dosages of the drug (from 300 to 1000 mcg/day). The likelihood of progression of the condition increases in older people and those who long time suffers from toxic goiter.

Yodism - allergic reaction. The main symptoms include increased swelling, inflammation of the mucous membranes, metallic taste in the mouth, etc.

Main contraindications:

1. Intolerance to components in both children and adults.
2. Dühring's dermatitis herpetiformis.
3. Toxic adenoma thyroid gland.
4. Hyperthyroidism.

The presented drug can be used by pregnant women and women breastfeeding.

Experts have spent quite a long time studying the relationship of the drug with other pharmacological groups. Iodomarin 200 and lithium-based products often lead to progression of goiter.

Hyperkalemia may occur with the use of potassium-sparing diuretics. The fact of overdose is proportionate to the side effects.

If primary symptoms are detected, you should immediately seek help from an endocrinologist. If thickening has begun in the area of ​​the Adam's apple and it has become difficult to swallow, you should take emergency measures. Modern medicine It is constantly developing, and therefore treatment of hypothyroidism does not take much time. The sooner the disease is diagnosed, the sooner you can begin to target the problem.

After studying the instructions for use, Iodomarin can be used without fear. Following simple recommendations the attending physician, you can not only prevent, but also restore your previous state of health. Pregnant women should understand that they bear great responsibility not only for themselves, but also for the health of the baby. Timely diagnosis- the key to a quick recovery.

Iodomarin

ATX code:

About the drug:

The drug Iodomarin is used to prevent iodine deficiency.

Indications and dosage:

The drug Yodomarin is used for the following purposes:

prevention of iodine deficiency, incl. during pregnancy and lactation;

prevention of relapse of iodine deficiency goiter after completion complex therapy thyroid hormone preparations, surgical treatment;

treatment of diffuse euthyroid goiter;

The drug Yodomarin is taken after meals. Take the tablet with a sufficient amount of water. For children infancy The tablet is crushed and mixed with food.

The issue of dosage and duration of the course of use is decided on an individual basis.

Children under 12 years of age are prescribed 50–100 mcg/day. Children over 12 years old, adults – 100–200 mcg/day.

During pregnancy/lactation – 200 mcg/day.

To prevent relapses of euthyroid goiter, 100–200 mcg/day is prescribed.

For the treatment of euthyroid goiter, children are prescribed 100–200 mcg/day, adults – 300–500 mcg/day.

Overdose:

Symptoms of overdose: vomiting, staining of mucous membranes brown, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration, shock, development of esophageal stenosis (rare). Long-term use can cause the development of iodism: inflammation and swelling of the mucous membranes (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, bronchitis, gastroenteritis), metallic taste in the mouth. Peripheral edema, erythema, acne-like and bullous rashes, hemorrhages, fever, and nervous excitement are also possible.

Treatment acute intoxication includes gastric lavage with starch solution or 5% sodium thiosulfate solution, symptomatic therapy (elimination of water-electrolyte imbalances, anti-shock therapy).

Treatment chronic intoxication consists in the abolition of iodine-containing drugs.

Side effects:

Very rarely, hypersensitivity reactions (including angioedema) may occur.

Phenomena of iodism are also possible: urticaria, swelling of the nasal mucosa, Quincke's edema, itching, skin rash, anaphylactic shock. Possible eosinophilia, tremor, tachycardia, irritability, increased sweating, sleep disturbance, discomfort in the epigastrium, diarrhea.

When using the drug in high doses Goiter and hypothyroidism may occur.

Contraindications:

Severe hyperthyroidism.

A history of hypersensitivity reactions to potassium iodide, one of the auxiliary components drug.

In doses of more than 150 mcg/day for latent hyperthyroidism.

In doses of 300–1000 mcg/day in the presence of an autonomous adenoma, focal or diffuse autonomous foci of the thyroid gland (with the exception of Plummer's thyroid blockade before surgery).

Hemorrhagic diathesis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis.

Radioactive iodine therapy.

Dühring's dermatitis herpetiformis.

Hypothyroidism not associated with iodine deficiency.

Presence or suspicion of thyroid cancer.

It must be taken into account that during therapy with Iodomarin in patients with kidney failure, hyperkalemia may develop.

The drug contains lactose and is therefore contraindicated in patients with galactose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, and lactase deficiency.

Due to the ability of iodine to penetrate transplacentally and the sensitivity of the fetus to it, the recommended dosage should not be exceeded during pregnancy/lactation. An exception is high-dose iodine prophylaxis in conditions of man-made radioactive contamination.

Interaction with other drugs and alcohol:

The drug is not prescribed simultaneously with thyreostatic agents, perchlorate, thiocyanate, lithium salts, potassium-sparing diuretics, quinidine, plant alkaloids, and heavy metal salts.

Composition and properties:

Active ingredient: potassium iodide.

Release form: tablets of 200 mcg No. 50; 100 mcg each No. 50, 100.

Pharmacological action:

Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones - T4 (thyroxine), T3 (triiodothyronine). When iodides enter the epithelial cells of the thyroid follicles, iodine is oxidized and elemental iodine is formed. Elemental iodine interacts with the aromatic tyrosine cycle, forming 3,5-iodine derivatives of thyronines (thyroxine hormone) and 3-iodine derivatives of thyronines (triiodothyronine hormone). Thyronines form a complex with proteins that are deposited in the follicles of the thyroid gland (thyroglobulins). If there is insufficient iodine intake from food, this process is disrupted. In physiological quantities, iodine prevents the development of endemic goiter, affects the level thyroid-stimulating hormone, T3/T4 ratio, normalizes the size of the thyroid gland.

Selenium is a valuable trace element, its presence in permissible quantities necessary for the full functioning of the human body. Enough for a long time this chemical element was considered poison. It's really poisonous pure form and large dosages (more than 400 mcg for adults). However, keeping the substance in the body in small quantities is vital. Its main part is concentrated in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and heart.

IN medical practice Selenium has a place of honor. The results of a number of studies have proven its effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. It is recognized as the only trace element that helps the body provide antitumor resistance, therefore it is considered a powerful tool in the fight against cancer.

Indications for taking Selenium

Selenium is deservedly called the “microelement of longevity.” Its action is aimed at preventing strokes and heart attacks, it helps the body resist infections and diseases. The following indications are considered common for the use of selenium:

• heart vascular diseases,
• atherosclerosis,
• prevention of cancer such as prostate, stomach, throat and skin cancer,
• rheumatoid arthritis,
• macular degeneration,
• infertility,
• chronic fatigue syndrome,
• eliminating some side effects chemotherapy,

The sufficient presence of vitamin E in the human body helps the microelement to be better absorbed. The cooperation of these substances promotes enhanced action Selena. Conversely, use in large quantities sugar-containing products, and in particular confectionery, make it difficult to assimilate. Also, some types of medications, especially Paracetamol, prevent its full penetration.

How does selenium deficiency occur?

Most often, a lack of the mineral occurs in vegetarians, due to a shortage of food of animal origin in the menu. Selenium deficiency can lead to a variety of health problems, including:

• male infertility
• osteoarthritis
• iodine deficiency
• joint pain

But in most developed countries cases of selenium deficiency in healthy people rare.

Products containing selenium

Selenium deficiency has an extremely negative impact on human health. But you shouldn’t ignore the fact that its excess is sometimes much more dangerous.

To enrich the body with selenium, it is enough good nutrition. Maximum content trace element present in seafood products- crab meat, shrimp and oily fish, as well as in meat, offal and liver. However, when preparing them, you should control temperature regime to maintain selenium in the desired concentration.

Besides meat products a sufficient amount of microelement is contained in:

• Brazil nuts (up to 100 mcg of selenium per nut)
• dairy products, such as cottage cheese, can contain up to 20 mcg of selenium per 100 grams
• eggs, 15 mcg per egg
• brown rice, 19 mcg per 100 g.
• a cup of 1% fat milk contains 8 mcg of selenium

However maximum quantity selenium and seafood is considered the most preferred source of this nutrient.

During heat treatment, the microelement selenium is almost completely preserved, however, during cooking it goes into the broth. When foods are soaked and defrosted, the amount of mineral decreases significantly. Also, selenium is almost not absorbed by organisms in combination with baked goods and sweets.

Instructions for using selenium

A lack of a substance leads not only to a decrease in performance and immunity, but also provokes the development of heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, male infertility and joint diseases.

The most preferred way to take selenium is, of course, to obtain it from food, the list of which is indicated above in the article. However, this is not always possible; in this case, selenium can be obtained from biologically active additives. Selenium is an essential element of most vitamin-mineral complexes, and preparations are also produced exclusively with selenium.

Selenium can be found in different chemical forms with varying bioavailability. In particular, several studies have been carried out comparing the bioavailability of selenium (as measured in urine) in the yeast form with high content selenium (selenized yeast), sodium selenite and selenomethionine A. These studies showed the highest bioavailability in selenomethionine A.

When taking selenium, you must follow the instructions indicated on the drug and not exceed the maximum daily allowance. For adults, selenium becomes toxic when taken more than 400 mcg.

As usual, there are two tables for selenium intake. These are the recommended daily doses. That is, those nutrient standards that a healthy person should consume in accordance with age. And it doesn’t matter how through food or taking nutritional supplements.

• Infants up to 6 months - 15 mcg
• Children - 20-40 mcg
• Adults - 55 mcg

The best way to get the required daily requirement of a microelement is to diversify your diet. The norm of units of each specific vitamin, including selenium, is calculated taking into account his gender and age. Also no less important are factors such as the presence of diseases or pregnancy, in which the daily intake of the substance should be doubled.

Smokers, athletes and people leading an active lifestyle also need an increased dosage of the microelement. In each specific case, only the supervising doctor should adjust the dose of the drug.

However, when taking high doses of selenium, you need to take into account the maximum permissible dosages

Maximum permissible norms

• Infants up to 6 months - 45 mcg
• Children - 60-280 mcg
• Adults - 400 mcg

Don't forget that in large doses selenium becomes toxic. This fact must also be taken into account during long courses.

Contraindications and side effects of selenium

For selenium deficiency human body is not able to fully function, so its replenishment along with food is completely justified. However, taking the mineral in preparations is contraindicated in a number of cases:

• pregnancy and breastfeeding are contraindications for long courses of selenium and its large dosages,
• hemodialysis,
• male infertility,
• surgery,
• autoimmune diseases,

Side effects during the use of the drug appear extremely rarely, however, in individual cases or when recommended dosages are exceeded, there may be cases of nausea, constipation, mood changes, and brittle nails.

Interaction of selenium with other drugs

Selenium reduces blood clotting (therefore elective surgery is a contraindication) so it should be used with caution with drugs containing similar action aspirin, heparin and others.

Taking selenium in combination with beta-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C can reduce the effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering medications. This compound also reduces the effectiveness of niacin, which is taken to increase good cholesterol levels.

Selenium can enhance the effect of sedatives (barbiturates), which is not always desirable.

Selenium applicability table

• Asthma
  100 mcg/day
  Asthma involves damage to the body from exposure to free radicals, and selenium can protect the body from their effects. In one experiment, sodium selenite supplementation improved symptoms in patients with asthma.
• Atherosclerosis
  100 mcg/day
  Some doctors recommend selenium supplements for people with atherosclerosis, which reduces the mortality rate from heart disease.
• Colon cancer
  200 mcg/day
  Selenium is believed to be effective in preventing cancer, including colon cancer.
• Depression
  100 mcg/day
  Selenium deficiency may contribute to depression. Compensation for selenium deficiency through intake food additives may help in the treatment of depressive conditions.
• Dermatitis herpetiformis
  200 mcg/day
  Selenium and vitamin E supplements are effective in treating skin diseases, including in the case of dermatitis.
• Edema
  230 mcg/day
  Patients with lymphedema of the arms or head area who were treated with products containing selenium found a decrease in swelling.
• Heart attack
  100-200 mcg/day
  Selenium supplements are effective for prevention and treatment cardiovascular diseases including heart attack.
• AIDS (HIV)
  Under medical supervision: 400 mcg/day
  Selenium supplementation may lead to fewer infections and improve appetite.
• Immunity
  100 mcg/day and 20 mg zinc
  Selenium improves immune function.
• Infections
  100 mcg/day and 20 mg zinc
  By improving the functioning of the immune system, selenium helps fight infections.
• Lung cancer
  200 mcg/day
  According to numerous studies, selenium has antitumor properties and is effective in the prevention and treatment of cancer, including lung cancer.
• Male infertility
  100 mcg/day
  In the study infertile men with reduced sperm motility, selenium supplementation significantly increased sperm motility.
• Osgood Schlatter disease
  150 mcg/day and 400 IU vitamin E
  A complex of vitamin E and selenium may be effective in treating Osgood Schlatter disease.
• Pancreatic insufficiency
  600 mcg, under the supervision of a physician
  Taking antioxidant supplements such as selenium may relieve pain and prevent recurrences of pancreatitis.
• Phenylketonuria
  Adolescents and adults: 55 mcg/day; children: 15-40 mcg/day
  When treating Phenylketonuria, it is necessary to adhere to a low-protein diet, which in turn leads to a deficiency of selenium, which the body receives from animal food. Thus, patients with Phenylketonuria need pharmaceutical support with selenium.
• Prostate cancer
  200 mcg/day
  According to numerous studies, selenium has antitumor effect. Supplementation with this nutrient may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
• Rheumatoid arthritis
  200 mcg/day
  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have more low levels Selena than in healthy people. Selenium supplements can reduce joint pain and inflammation.
• Changes in PAP smear
  On doctor's recommendation
  Low levels of selenium have been seen in women with cervical dysplasia.
• Age-related dementia
  On doctor's recommendation
  One study of patients with mild cognitive impairment and low blood selenium levels found improvements in cognitive function when included in the diet. brazil nut, rich in selenium.
• Arrhythmia
  On doctor's recommendation
  Selenium may be effective in treating arrhythmia.
• Cardiomyopathy
  On doctor's recommendation
  Selenium deficiency is considered to be the cause of a form of Cardiomyopathy, so eliminating this deficiency is one of the most important elements of therapy.
• Childhood diseases
  On doctor's recommendation
  Selenium supports healthy immune system and helps fight viral infections.
• Down syndrome
  On doctor's recommendation
  Preliminary studies have shown that antioxidant activity in the body improves when children with Down syndrome take selenium.
• Diseases of the mouth and gums
  Spray containing 3.7% citronella every morning for 6 days a week
  Selena is often recommended by doctors to prevent and treat periodontitis.
• Hepatitis
  100 mcg/day
  In one trial, a combination of alpha lipoic acid, silymarin and selenium resulted in significant improvements in liver function and general condition health in people with hepatitis C.
• High cholesterol
  On doctor's recommendation
  Double blind study showed that in people with moderate increased level cholesterol, selenium supplementation in the form of selenium-enriched yeast led to a small but statistically significant decrease in serum cholesterol.
• Hypothyroidism
  On doctor's recommendation
  Selenium plays important role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones.
• Cirrhosis
  On doctor's recommendation
  People with cirrhosis often have low selenium levels and a greater need for antioxidants. In one study, selenium supplements improved liver function in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
• Macular degeneration
  On doctor's recommendation
  Selenium protects against oxidative stress and may reduce the risk of macular degeneration.

Background: green - scientifically proven, orange - evidence insufficient, White - no research done

Folic acid is incompatible with some chemical compounds. In most cases, vitamin B9 is recommended to be obtained together with foods, and not separately, in the form of a drug. To meet the daily requirement of vitamin B9, it is enough to include daily diet green leafy vegetables, citrus fruit, eggs, chicken liver, cod, beef and other foods with folic acid. Read our article about how much folic acid a child and an adult need per day.

Daily folic acid intake for children

Folic acid is an essential element for maintaining children's health. Hedgehog daily norm for children depends solely on age and individual characteristics body.

Children from birth to 6 months are recommended to consume 65 mcg of vitamin B9 per day. By 12 months, the dose of folic acid increases to 80 mcg per day.

The daily requirement of vitamin B9 for children from 1 to 3 years old is about 150 mcg. From 4 to 8 years, the daily dose of folic acid should be 200 mcg per day.

Maximum dose folic acid for adolescents 9 to 13 years old is 300 mcg.

Vitamin B9: daily value for adults

In Russia, until recently, the recommended intake of folic acid was 400 mcg per day for an adult. Pregnant women especially need folic acid; in this case, the dosage increases slightly and is 600 mcg; for lactating women, the daily dose of folic acid is 500 mcg.

If we talk about how many folic acid tablets a person should take per day, then it all depends on the content of the active substance in the tablet. Read the ingredients and instructions carefully if you don’t know how much folic acid to drink per day. For example, if your daily requirement for folic acid is 400 mcg per day, and 1 tablet contains 1 mg of the active substance, then you need to take 0.5 tablets of folic acid per day.

However, if the immune system is weakened or there are problems with hematopoiesis, the daily intake of folic acid needs to be increased. However, we recommend that you consult with your doctor before increasing the dose of a substance such as folic acid. It is especially important to ask your doctor about the dosage of folic acid for pregnant women. Otherwise, a deficiency or excess of this vitamin can lead to many unpleasant consequences. Only a specialist can tell you exactly how long to take and in what quantity after diagnosing your body.

Folic acid: dosage for pregnant women

Particular attention to daily use Vitamin B9 should be taken by pregnant women. It is important to know how much folic acid to take for pregnant women, as a deficiency can cause serious illnesses growing fetus: diseases of the central nervous system, chronic anemia, body deformation.

Why is the correct daily dose of folic acid so important during pregnancy? Firstly, if this element is deficient in a child, the risk of developing defects in the nervous system increases. cardiovascular system. Secondly, a disruption in the processes of placenta formation may occur. Thirdly, if the dose of folic acid during pregnancy is not prescribed correctly, then a miscarriage is possible, premature birth or fetal developmental delay.

According to doctors' statistics, every 2 women experience a deficiency of vitamin B9 during pregnancy, so folic acid is extremely necessary during pregnancy. Daily dose, as a rule, is agreed with the doctor who is caring for your pregnancy. Only he will be able to select the optimal dose of folic acid for pregnant women.

The daily requirement of folic acid for pregnant women in mg is from 0.4 to 0.8 milligrams. Some women are at risk, that is, vitamin B9 deficiency in a pregnant woman has reached serious proportions, so they increase the folic acid intake during pregnancy - the dosage can be 5 mg per day.

The dose of folic acid for a pregnant woman is determined by the doctor managing the woman’s pregnancy. It is important to consult with a specialist; you should not independently determine what the norm of folic acid for pregnant women per day is. Everything should happen under the supervision of a specialist.

Also, when consuming an element such as folic acid, the norm for pregnant women is set taking into account the development of the fetus week by week. For example, folic acid during pregnancy at 7 and 8 weeks is required in the amount of 400-800 mcg per day. This quantity Vitamin should be taken until 12 weeks.

Since many people take this vitamin in tablets, the question often arises about how many folic acid tablets per day to take for pregnant women? It is important here not to get confused with grams, milligrams and micrograms. 1000 mcg = 1 mg = 0.001 g. Most often, one tablet contains 1 mg of folic acid, so folic acid to maintain pregnancy can be taken in the form of 0.5 or 1 tablet, depending on the doctor’s prescription.

We recommend following daily norm folic acid for pregnant women, children and adults. Otherwise, an overdose or lack of vitamin B9 may occur. This is fraught with the development of many diseases (anemia, cancer, slower growth of new cells).

The intake rate of folic acid in the table

The daily intake of vitamin B9 depends on age, gender, as well as additional factors (pregnancy, presence of diseases, high level physical, mental stress, stress, depression). For convenience, we have compiled a table indicating the daily norm of folic acid.