The concept of sleep phases and its possible disturbances
Classification of sleeping pills
Hypnotic...
This type of poppy has found its own wide application not only in the folk, but also in traditional medicine... He is endowed not only with sleeping pills. This plant also has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, tonic, anti-febrile and antitussive effect.
First of all, this plant is considered to be an excellent hypnotic. Moreover, this type of poppy is used to treat inflammatory processes sciatic nerve, diseases digestive tract, bronchitis, as well as cancer.
Thank you
Sleeping pills is a short name for a rather extensive and very diverse group of drugs that promote the onset and maintenance of sleep of sufficient duration and depth. The full name of this group of medicines is sleeping pills.Currently available wide range drugs with hypnotic effect, however, in most cases this is their additional or side, but not the main action. The group of hypnotic drugs includes only those drugs for which this action is the main one.
Sleeping pills are classified as drugs acting on the central nervous system, since their effect is realized by activating or suppressing the production of biologically active substances (neurotransmitters), as well as changing the work of certain neuronal receptors.
The concept of sleep phases and its possible disturbances
To understand what the action of sleeping pills is aimed at, it is necessary to know the structure of sleep and the types of its possible disturbances. Violations can be provoked various reasons, such as:
- Violation of the rhythm of the sleep-wakefulness regime, for example, during night shifts;
- Psychological stress, especially in the evening;
- Mental illness (such as depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, etc.);
- Taking medications that activate the central nervous system (caffeine, theophylline, etc.);
- Somatic diseases (hypertension, pain, cough, etc.);
- Various sleep disturbance syndromes (eg, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome).
Sleep disorders are classified into the following types depending on which component of the carotid structure was affected:
- Presomnic disorders - only the process of falling asleep is disturbed;
- Intrasomnic disorders - the depth of sleep is disturbed, a person sleeps superficially and often wakes up;
- Post-somnolent disorders - a person wakes up early and can no longer fall asleep, and during the whole day he is worried about sleepiness.
Classification of sleeping pills
Currently in clinical practice the anatomical-therapeutic-chemical (ATC) classification of drugs is used, which simultaneously takes into account the structure active substance, and the anatomical structures on which the drug acts, and the spectrum of its therapeutic activity. Due to taking into account three parameters at once, namely ATX classification is the most complete and convenient for practical use, since it allows the doctor to navigate in the different properties of the drug.So, at present, according to the ATX classification, all hypnotics are divided into the following types:
1.
Barbiturates:
- Amobarbital;
- Aprobarbital;
- Butobarbital;
- Vinbarbital;
- Vinylbital;
- Hexobarbital;
- Heptabarbital;
- Methohexital;
- Proxybarbal;
- Reposal;
- Secobarbital;
- Talbutal;
- Sodium thiopental;
- Phenobarbital;
- Cyclobarbital;
- Etallobarbital.
- Bellataminal (phenobarbital + ergotamine + belladonna alkaloids);
- Reladorm (diazepam + cyclobarbital).
- Brotizolam;
- Dosefazepam;
- Quazepam;
- Loprazolam;
- Lormetazepam;
- Midazolam;
- Nitrazepam;
- Oxazepam;
- Temazepam;
- Triazolam;
- Flunitrazepam;
- Flurazepam;
- Cinolazepam;
- Estazolam.
- Zopiclone;
- Zolpidem;
- Zaleplon.
- Chloral hydrate;
- Chloralodol;
- Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate;
- Dichloralphenazone;
- Paraldehyde.
- Glutethimide;
- Metiprilone;
- Pyrytyldione;
- Thalidomide.
- Ramelteon;
- Taximelteon;
- Melatonin.
- Diphenhydramine;
- Doxylamine.
- Suvoreksant.
- Bromized;
- Valnoctamide;
- Hexapropimate;
- Clomethiazole;
- Methaqualone;
- Methylpeptinol;
- Niaprazine;
- Propiomazine;
- Triclofos;
- Etchlorvinol.
Most of the barbiturates and benzodiazepines listed in the classification are currently used only on rare occasions in specific hospital practice, that is, in hospitals. For outpatient use, only a few hypnotic barbiturates and benzodiazepines are actually used. The most commonly used barbiturates are phenobarbital, and among benzodiazepines, flunitrazepam, nitrazepam and some others are used. In addition, the above classification lists all hypnotics used in different countries, therefore, their list is much wider than what is available in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, etc.
In addition to the ATC classification, all hypnotic drugs are divided into two large groups - with narcotic and non-narcotic type of action. All barbiturates and aldehydes are referred to drugs with a narcotic type of action. All other hypnotics have a non-narcotic type of action. The division of sleeping pills into categories with narcotic and non-narcotic type of action has a very great importance as the former are the fastest to addictive.
Also, practicing doctors widely use the classification of sleeping pills according to the duration of their action, according to which they distinguish drugs for short, medium and long acting... Sleeping pills of various durations are shown in the table.
| Sleeping pills short acting(15 hours) | Sleeping pills average duration actions (5 - 8 hours) | Long-acting sleeping pills (more than 8 hours) |
| Methohexital | Aprobarbital | Phenobarbital |
| Thiopental | Secobarbital | Amobarbital |
| Cyclobarbital | Butalbital | Vinylbital |
| Oxazepam | Butobarbital | Vinbarbital |
| Midazolam | Talbutal | Hexobarbital |
| Lorazepam | Barbamil | Heptabarbital |
| Triazolam | Temazepam | Proxybarbal |
| Lormetazepam | Dosefazepam Reladorm | Reposal |
| Zopiclone | Chloral hydrate | Etallobarbital |
| Zolpidem | Chloralodol | Bellataminal |
| Zaleplon | Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate | Flunitrazepam |
| Ramelteon | Dichloralphenazone | Flurazepam |
| Taximelteon | Paraldehyde | Estazolam |
| Melatonin | Glutethimide | Nitrazepam |
| Clomethiazole | Metiprilone | Brotizolam |
| Niaprazine | Doxylamine | Quazepam |
| Propiomazine | Suvoreksant | Cinolazepam |
| Methaqualone | Pyrythyldione | |
| Methylpeptinol | Bromized | |
| Etchlorvinol | Valnoctamide | |
| Oxazepam | Hexapropimate | |
| Diphenhydramine | Triclofos |
The classification of hypnotics according to the duration of action is of great practical importance, since it allows you to choose a drug for each specific person that provides the effects he needs. For example, if only the process of falling asleep is disturbed in a person, then it is recommended to use short-acting hypnotics, since they will ensure a quick immersion in sleep and will not cause morning fatigue and weakness. For superficial sleep with frequent awakenings, it is recommended to use hypnotics of medium duration, since they will provide a good, high-quality, deep sleep, which in the morning will give the person the feeling that he is well rested. If a person wakes up early in the morning and can no longer fall asleep, then it is necessary to use long-acting hypnotics, which will provide sufficient sleep duration, eliminating early awakening.
The hypnotic effect of drugs (hypnotic effect)
V general view the mechanism of action of all hypnotic drugs is reduced to a decrease in the severity of excitation processes in the central nervous system and an increase in inhibition. The ratio of suppression of arousal and increased inhibition for different drugs is different, which causes differences in the duration and nature of their action. So, short-acting hypnotics predominantly suppress the processes of excitation, as a result of which inhibition naturally begins to prevail, and the person falls asleep. This mechanism of action is optimal for eliminating difficulties in falling asleep, when it is difficult for a person to fall asleep, but when it does, he sleeps normally - deeply and without frequent awakenings. The undoubted advantage of drugs of this type of action is that they do not violate normal structure sleep, without causing a change in the duration and ratio of its phases. As a result, after taking a short-acting sleeping pill in the morning, a person wakes up well-rested and slept.
Medium-acting hypnotics have the ability not only to reduce arousal, but also to slightly increase inhibition, as a result of which their effect lasts longer and allows you to influence not only the process of falling asleep, but also the quality of sleep. Data medications fix the problem well shallow sleep and frequent nocturnal awakenings, which allows a person to sleep well and not feel overwhelmed in the morning.
Long-acting hypnotics simultaneously suppress arousal and sharply increase inhibition, which explains their long-lasting effect. These drugs are effective for any sleep disorder - and with prolonged falling asleep, and with shallow immersion in sleep, and with frequent night or early morning awakenings.
Otherwise, the sleeping pills of each specific group have their own mechanism of action, which is different from others.
For example, barbiturates induce sleep even with severe insomnia, however, they change the normal structure of sleep, as a result of which a person can see very vivid dreams, nightmares, etc. Therefore, such a dream is not complete. The effect of barbiturates is realized by their interaction with GABA receptors , which become more sensitive to their mediator - GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). Due to the longer action of GABA on the structure of the brain, excitation is inhibited and inhibition is activated.
Benzodiazepines also act on GABA receptors, however, they are safer than barbiturates, since they do not cause severe side effects, and much more dependence is formed.
Benzodiazepine-like Z-drugs (Zopiclone, Zolpidem, Zaleplon) also exert their effects through their effect on GABA receptors. However, unlike benzodiazepines and barbiturates, Z-drugs selectively bind to central receptors, causing increased inhibition, which leads to falling asleep quickly and quality sleep. These drugs do not change the structure of sleep, do not cause drowsiness during the day, they do not have severe side effects and addiction develops very slowly, and therefore Z-drugs are currently the most widely used means for eliminating insomnia.
Histamine blockers are also very effective drugs, the action of which is carried out by accelerating the work of the GABA receptor. It is histamine blockers that are the safest hypnotics at the present time, therefore they are allowed to be used even for children. In addition, histamine blockers are the only drugs that can be used for sleep apnea. However, all of the above applies only to preparations containing doxylamine as an active substance. The rest of the histamine blockers used as hypnotics (for example, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, doxylamine, promethazine) inhibit the paradoxical phase of sleep and cause severe drowsiness in the morning and headaches. The undoubted advantage of the hypnotic group of histamine blockers is complete absence dependence even with prolonged use.
Aldehydes and Clomethiazole are very fast acting and practically do not change the normal structure of sleep. However, clomethiazole is rapidly drug dependent.
Sleeping pills - the rules for the selection and use of drugs
Currently, the appointment of sleeping pills is considered justified in the following situations: 1. The causes of insomnia have not been identified.
2. The causes of insomnia cannot be completely eliminated.
When choosing a sleeping pill, the type and severity of sleep disturbances should be considered. So, in case of difficulty falling asleep and normal sleep during the entire remaining period of time, hypnotics of short or medium action should be chosen. Moreover, if the severity of the violations is not too high, then it is optimal to use any means with the exception of benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Currently, when it is difficult to fall asleep, doctors recommend using the following drugs- Zopiclone, Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Melatonin, Clomethiazole, Niaprazine or Propimiosin.
These drugs can be used if you have difficulty falling asleep at any time. For example, if a person cannot sleep in the evening, then before going to bed, you can take any of the indicated medicine. Also, this medicine can be taken if the person woke up at night and cannot fall asleep again.
If a person is worried about frequent night awakenings and superficial sleep, then he should choose a drug among agents with an average or short duration of action. If sleep disturbances are not severe, then new drugs should also be chosen, avoiding benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Doctors recommend choosing a drug from the following:
- Chloral hydrate;
- Doxylamine;
- Methaqualone;
- Melatonin.
For early morning awakenings, after which it is impossible to fall asleep, it is recommended to use long-term or intermediate-acting drugs. People Full time job which is associated with the need high speed reactions and concentration, do not use long-acting hypnotics, since their frequent side effect is lethargy, lethargy and drowsiness during the day. Since most of the sleeping pills in this group belong to benzodiazepines and barbiturates, they should be used with extreme caution. In order not to resort to strong and fast addictive benzodiazepines and barbiturates, it is recommended to select one of the following:
- Bromevazole;
- Doxylamine;
- Zolpidem;
- Zopiclone.
General modern trend is such that the hypnotics of choice are Zopiclone, Zolpidem, Zaleplon and Doxylamine, which provide fast falling asleep, practically do not disturb the normal structure of sleep, do not cause numerous severe side effects such as addiction, daytime sleepiness, headaches, etc.
Any sleeping pill should be taken 15 to 30 minutes before bedtime.
Sleeping pills (list)
Here is a list of sleeping pills in alphabetical order, regardless of which group this or that drug belongs to. In the list, we will first indicate international name the active substance, and then in brackets the commercial names under which the drug may be sold in pharmacies.Sleeping pills of all forms of release
So, at present, the following hypnotics are available on the pharmaceutical markets of the CIS countries:- Bellataminal (phenobarbital + ergotamine + belladonna alkaloids);
- Bromizoval (Bromizoval, Bromural);
- Brotizolam;
- Hexobarbital (Hexenal);
- Diphenhydramine (Diphenhydramine, Grandim, Diphenhydramine);
- Doxylamine (Valocordin-Doxylamine, Donormil, Reslip);
- Zaleplon (Andante, Zaleplon);
- Clomethiazole (Gemenevrin);
- Melatonin (Melaxen, Circadin, Melaxen Balance, Melarena, Melatonin);
- Methohexital (Brietal);
- Methaqualone;
- Oxazepam (Nozepam, Tazepam);
- Temazepam (Signopam);
- Sodium thiopental (Thiopental, Thiopental-KMP);
- Triazolam;
- Phenobarbital (Luminal);
- Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol);
- Flurazepam (Apo-Flurazepam);
- Cyclobarbital (Reladorm);
- Estazolam (estazolam);
- Chloral hydrate.
Sleeping pills in tablets
Sleeping pills in tablets are as follows:- Andante (capsules);
- Apo-Flurazepam (capsules);
- Bellataminal;
- Berlidorm 5;
- Bromized;
- Gemeneurin (capsules);
- Hypnogen;
- Diphenhydramine;
- Donormil;
- Iwadal;
- Zolpidem;
- Solsana;
- Zonadin;
- Zopiclone 7,5-SL;
- Melaxen;
- Melaxen Balance;
- Melarena;
- Nitrazadone;
- Nitrazepam tablets;
- Nitram;
- Nitrest;
- Nitros;
- Nozepam;
- Piklodorm;
- Rakedorm 5;
- Reladorm;
- Relaxon;
- Reslip;
- Rohypnol;
- Sanwal;
- Signopam;
- Slipwell;
- Newbie;
- Somnol;
- Tazepam;
- Thorson;
- Phenobarbital;
- Flormidal;
- Chloral hydrate;
- Circadin;
- Estazolam;
- Eunoktin.
Sleeping pills in drops
Sleeping pills, available in drops, are as follows:- Valocordin-Doxylamine - drops for oral administration;
- Grandim - oral solution;
- Oniria - drops for oral administration;
- Phenobarbital - oral solution.
Sleeping pills without prescriptions (list)
Since almost all hypnotics act on the central nervous system and can cause severe side effects, such as respiratory depression, decreased performance, drowsiness and others, as well as provoke addiction, most of them are dispensed with a doctor's prescription. All benzodiazepine hypnotics and barbiturates are dispensed strictly according to special prescriptions. Sleeping pills from other groups are also available by prescription in most cases. The following sleeping pills are currently available without a medical prescription:
- Andante;
- Valocordin-Doxylamine;
- Melaxen;
- Melaxen Balance;
- Melarena;
- Reslip;
- Circadin.
- Dormiplant tablets;
- Persen tablets;
- Novo-Passit solution;
- Corvalol solution.
Rapid sleeping pill
Various sleeping pills induce sleep onset after 5 to 30 minutes. Drugs that are able to "lull" a person 5 - 15 minutes after being taken out of use are considered fast sleeping pills. However, their speed is relative, because the onset of sleep within 15 - 30 minutes after taking it is also a fairly good indicator, since during this time a person has time to lie down comfortably in bed, relax, think about something pleasant, and against this background, gently and imperceptibly plunge into a dream. Therefore, strictly speaking, all modern sleeping pills can be called relatively fast-acting.But the most fast-acting sleeping pills that cause falling asleep literally within 5 to 15 minutes after ingestion are the following drugs:
- Donormil;
- Reladorm;
- Reslip;
- Chloral hydrate.
Strong sleeping pill
Strong hypnotics include drugs of the following groups: 1. Barbiturates:
- Bellataminal;
- Hexobarbital (Hexenal);
- Methohexital (Brietal);
- Phenobarbital (Luminal);
- Cyclobarbital (Reladorm).
- Midazolam (Midazolam-Hameln, Dormikum, Flormidal, Fulsed);
- Nitrazepam (Berlidorm 5, Nitrazadone, Nitram, Nitrosam, Radedorm 5, Eunoktin);
- Oxazepam (Nozepam, Tazepam);
- Temazepam (Signopam);
- Triazolam;
- Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol);
- Flurazepam (Apo-Flurazepam).
- Zopiclone (Zopiclone, Zopiclone 7,5 - SL, Imovan, Piklodorm, Relaxon, Somnol, Slipwell, Thorson);
- Zolpidem (Hypnogen, Zolpidem, Zolsana, Zonadin, Ivadal, Nitrest, Oniria, Sanval, Snovitel);
- Zaleplon (Andante, Zaleplon).
- Chloral hydrate.
- Melaxen;
- Melaxen Balance;
- Melarena;
- Circadin.
Strong sleeping pills without prescriptions
The only strong sleeping pills that can always be bought without a prescription are drugs from the melatonin agonist group, such as Melaxen, Melaxen Balance, Melarena and Circadin. These drugs are approved for OTC dispensing because they are safe, very difficult to overdose, and they are not addictive.In addition, the potent sleeping pill Andante is available over the counter in some pharmacies, which is theoretically listed as a prescription drug but is not a remedy. subject accounting, as narcotic substances, benzodiazepines and barbiturates, and therefore are sometimes released freely.
If a person needs a potent sleeping pill for periodic use from case to case, then you can use Valocordin drops, since they contain phenobarbital. When using Valocordin as a potent sleeping pill, the maximum permissible single dosage of the drug should be taken 20-30 minutes before bedtime. It is impossible to constantly use Valocordin, as it will cause addiction and numerous side effects, however, this option can be used from time to time.
Sleeping pill, non-addictive
Unfortunately, all sleeping pills are addictive to one degree or another, which is expressed in the formation of physical and psychological dependence... However, some drugs develop addiction quickly, while others develop very slowly. That is, the severity of dependence and the duration of its formation are different for different drugs... This slow formation of addiction can be equated with a lack of addiction.Thus, dependence on barbiturates and benzodiazepines develops most rapidly (approximately within 3-4 months), and it is the most severe on drugs of the same groups. Dependence to Z-drugs (Zolpidem, Zopiclone, Zaleplon), Chloral hydrates and others is formed more slowly (approximately within 5-6 months). However, the severity of the formed dependence on these drugs is not inferior to that of benzodiazepines and barbiturates.
There is practically no dependence on melatonin drugs (Melaxen, Circadin, Melaxen Balance, Melarena, Melatonin), doxylamine (Valocordin-Doxylamine, Donormil, Reslip) and diphenhydramine (Diphenhydramine, Grandim, Diphenhydramine).
Sleeping pills for children
Children almost never have sleep disturbances that would require treatment with serious sleeping pills. As a rule, insomnia in children is triggered by overexcitation, excessive activity, or any unpleasant sensations, for example, pain, runny nose, etc. Therefore, in order to help the child fall asleep, it is necessary, firstly, to try to eliminate the cause, and secondly, to give him safe sedatives. Such sedatives can be considered analogs of sleeping pills for children. Currently, the following can be considered conditional children's sleeping pills (sedatives):
- Nervoheel (homeopathic remedy);
- Dormikind (homeopathic remedy);
- Notta (homeopathic remedy);
- Baiu-Bai;
- Central;
- Collection "Children's sedative";
- Collection "Mom's Tale";
- Collection "Evening fairy tale".
If the problem of insomnia in a child is serious, then Diphenhydramine or Phenobarbital can be used to eliminate it. However, these drugs should be used only under medical supervision.
Good sleeping pill
Currently, drugs are considered good sleeping pills that provide fast falling asleep and high-quality, deep, full sleep without waking up during the night, and also not quickly addictive. In addition, good sleeping pills should not cause drowsiness and absent-mindedness during the daytime and at the same time provide a feeling of vigor, freshness and a burst of energy in the morning. These requirements are fully met by Z-group drugs (Zolpidem, Zopiclon, Zaleplon), melatonin agonists (Melaxen, Circadin, Melaxen Balance, Melarena) and drugs containing doxylamine (Valocordin-Doxylamine, Donormil, Reslip).Side effects of sleeping pills; how to cope with insomnia without sleeping pills - recommendations of a cardiologist-somnologist - video
Phototherapy (light therapy): sleeping glasses - video
Price
The cost of various sleeping pills varies widely. So, the cheapest drugs, for example, Diphenhydramine, can be purchased within 20 - 80 rubles, and expensive drugs, such as Melaxen, will cost from 450 to 550 rubles. Before use, you must consult a specialist.The term "sleeping pill" is understood as a drug, the action of which is aimed at accelerating falling asleep and maintaining a sufficient duration, deep sleep... The group of hypnotics is extensive; it includes drugs that are heterogeneous in composition and mechanism of action. From the article you will learn what types of sleeping pills are available and how they work, what drugs are available from the pharmacy without a prescription, and what to consider when choosing a sleeping pill. The material was prepared by a professional pharmacist.
Sleep disorders can be caused by:
- interruptions in sleep and wakefulness (for example, when working on the night shift);
- emotional stress;
- mental illness (depression, asthenia, increased anxiety);
- the use of drugs that activate the work of the central nervous system(theophylline, caffeine);
- somatic diseases ( pain syndrome, cough, high blood pressure);
- syndromes affecting sleep quality (syndrome restless legs, apnea);
- unknown (idiopathic) causes.
Taking sleeping pills for a long time is prescribed only in a situation if the cause of the sleep disorder is not known. In other situations, in order to normalize sleep, you need to treat the underlying disease, eliminate the cause, and use sleeping pills only when urgently needed.
By the nature of the disorders, somnological disorders are classified into:
- Presomnic - the process of falling asleep is disturbed, but sleep is normal throughout the night;
- Intrasomnic - superficial sleep, accompanied by frequent awakenings;
- post-somnic - awakening occurs early in the morning, it is not possible to fall asleep again, and throughout next day severe drowsiness is felt.
Each group of sleeping pills acts on certain kind disorders. That is why, in order to choose the right medicine, it is important to establish the cause and variant of the violation.
Classification of hypnotics
The modern classification is based on the structure of the main component and its healing effects. According to these parameters, sleeping pills are divided into 10 groups.
- Barbiturates (cyclobarbital, phenobarbital, sodium thiopental, butobarbital, reposal and others).
- Combined drugs with barbiturates (Bellataminal drug containing phenobarbital, ergotamine and belladonna alkaloids, and Reladorm drug based on diazepam and cyclobarbital).
- Diazepine derivatives (brotizolam, quazepam, nitrazepam, oxazepam, flurazepam).
- GABA receptor antagonists or Z-drugs - characterized by effects similar to benzodiazepines (zolpidem, zopiclone, zaleplon).
- Piperidinedione derivatives (metiprilon, glutethimide).
- Aldehyde derivatives (dichlorphenazone, chloral hydrate, dichlorophenazone).
- Melatonin receptor agonists (melatonin, ramelteon, taximelteon).
- Orexin receptor agonist (suvorexant).
- Histamine receptor blockers (doxylamine, diphenhydramine).
- Other hypnotics (bromizoval, triclofos, niaprazine, methylpentinol).
Most barbiturates and benzodiazepines are used exclusively in hospital settings. And only some representatives of these groups are used in outpatient practice... These are barbiturates based on phenobarbital and benzodiazepines nitrazepam, flunitrazepam.
By the mechanism of action there are:
- hypnotics of narcotic action (aldehydes, barbiturates);
- non-narcotic drugs (all other groups).
According to the duration of the therapeutic effect, hypnotics are distinguished:
- short-acting - from 1 to 5 hours (melatonin, thiopental, zopiclone, zolpidem, niaprazine);
- average duration of action - from 5 to 8 hours (barbamil, temazepam, paraldehyde, oxazepam, diphenhydramine);
- long-acting - longer than 8 hours (phenobarbital, reposal, flurazepam, nitrazepam, bromizoval, triclofos).
Classification according to the duration of the therapeutic action allows you to choose optimal remedy tailored to the specific problem.
The effect of hypnotics
Each group of sleeping pills is characterized by its own, different from others, mechanism of action.
For example, barbiturates help to cope with severe sleep disorders, but change the structure of sleep, the order and duration of its phases. As a result, sleep after taking the medicine is accompanied by vivid dreams and nightmares.
Benzodiazepines, in comparison with barbiturates, cause fewer side effects, but against the background of their intake, addiction and drug dependence develops very quickly. Also fast development dependence is noted when taking aldehydes.
Z-drugs cause increased inhibition, to a lesser extent affect the processes of excitation. Means of this group (zolpidem, zopiclone, zaleplon) reduce the time to fall asleep, increase sleep time, and improve its quality. At the same time, they do not affect the phases of sleep, do not cause serious adverse reactions, addiction develops rather slowly against the background of their use. Therefore, Z-drugs are considered the safest hypnotics and are prescribed to a wide range of patients.
The action of sleeping pills of all groups is based on:
- suppression of excitation in the cerebral cortex;
- strengthening of braking processes.
However, the ratio of the force of influence on excitation and inhibition is different, which affects the duration and healing effect drugs.
Short acting
Short-acting hypnotics suppress arousal, thereby activating inhibition naturally... Such drugs do not change the phase of sleep, due to which a person wakes up rested, does not feel lethargic. A short-acting sleeping pill is best taken when falling asleep is disturbed - the remedy will accelerate the onset of sleep, and will not cause morning weakness.
Average duration of action
Sleeping pills not only suppress arousal, but also increase inhibition. Due to this, the hypnotic effect lasts longer. These funds are prescribed for intrasomnic disorders characterized by superficial sleep, frequent awakenings.
Long-acting
The drugs suppress arousal and dramatically increase the inhibition processes. It is advisable to use them for patients who wake up in the early morning and can no longer fall asleep. Long-acting hypnotics ensure adequate sleep and prevent early awakening. However, for other types of somnological disorders, these drugs are effective.
Selection rules
It is advisable to use a sleeping pill only in two cases:
- when the causes of insomnia are not clear;
- if reasons, infringing sleep, it is impossible to completely eliminate.
In this case, sleeping pills must be taken either once or in short courses. In other cases, it is necessary to eliminate the cause and treat the underlying disease, due to which sleep is disturbed.
The choice of medication should be based on the type and severity of the somnological disorder:
- Presomnic disorders are treated with short-acting agents;
- in case of intrasomnic disorders, drugs of average duration of action are prescribed;
- It is advisable to treat post-somnic disorders with long-acting drugs.
When choosing a drug, you need to consider other important points.
- If necessary quick effect chloral hydrates become the drugs of choice, but they are taken in a short course, as they quickly become addictive.
- If more long-term therapy, it is better to use means, not addictive(for example, doxylamine).
- Patients whose work requires high concentration attention and speed of reactions, you can not drink medium or long-acting sleeping pills - they often cause lethargy, daytime sleepiness.
- The hypnotic group of benzodiazepines or barbiturates can be used only as a last resort, when drugs from other groups have been ineffective. After a short course of taking these funds, you need to switch to other drugs, characterized by a milder effect, not causing addiction and dependence, other severe adverse reactions.
OTC sleeping pills
Almost all hypnotics depress the central nervous system and can cause serious adverse reactions- decreased performance, daytime sleepiness, depression of respiration and cardiac activity, disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, addiction and drug dependence. These are powerful drugs that must be used as directed by a doctor and dispensed from pharmacies with a prescription only.
However, among broad list sleeping pills are over-the-counter drugs. They act gently, do not cause severe reactions and addiction, at the same time they help to cope with simple sleep disorders. A brief overview of these drugs is presented below in decreasing order of the intensity of the hypnotic effect.
Melaxen
The main active ingredient is melatonin ( synthetic analog sleep hormone produced in the human body by the pineal gland).
Therapeutic action:
- regulates biological rhythms, sleep-wake cycles;
- facilitates adaptation to the new time when changing time zones;
- reduces the time to fall asleep, improves the quality of sleep;
- soothes (sedation is moderate).
The drug promotes rapid falling asleep, does not affect sleep phases, does not cause morning lethargy, weakness, drowsiness.
Analogs: Melatonin, Vita-Melatonin, Circadin.
Donormil
Film-coated tablets for oral administration and effervescent tablets for preparation of the solution contain doxylamine succinate - a blocker of histamine receptors.
The drug accelerates falling asleep, provides long sleep, shows sedative properties. Like many other antihistamines, it can cause daytime sleepiness.
Analogs: Sonmil, Sondoks, Sonnix.
Corvalol
Valerian and mint, which are part of Corvalol, enhance the effect of phenobarbital.Combined preparation based on phenobarbital, bromisovaleric acid and peppermint oil... Available in the form of tablets and drops. It is the only over-the-counter phenobarbital drug.
Therapeutic action:
- reduces palpitations with tachycardia;
- relaxes the smooth muscles of the internal organs;
- eliminates psychomotor agitation;
- has a sedative effect;
- makes it easier to fall asleep.
Analogs with a similar composition and mechanism of action: Valokardin, Korvaldin, Korvaltab.
Novo-Passit
Combined preparation containing extracts of valerian, lemon balm, elderberry, St. John's wort, hops, hawthorn and guaifenesin. Available in the form of tablets and syrup.
The main therapeutic action Novo-Passita - sedative (sedative), anti-anxiety (due to guaifenesin).
The drug is used as a sedative for the treatment of sleep disorders. May cause daytime drowsiness, especially if the regimen is violated (exceeding doses, increasing the frequency of administration).
Novo-Passit syrup contains alcohol, therefore it is not recommended for patients with chronic alcoholism. Persen Forte
The combined product contains extracts of mint, lemon balm, valerian.
Therapeutic effects of the drug:
- sedative;
- hypnotic;
- antispasmodic.
The drug is prescribed as a sedative for the treatment of sleep disorders. The maximum therapeutic effect of the drug is noted with a course admission.
Glycine
Glycine is a drug, the main component of which is aminoacetic acid. This amino acid is present in the body of every person, takes part in various life processes.
Therapeutic action of Glycine:
- regulates the processes of inhibition in the cerebral cortex;
- activates metabolic processes in the brain, improves memory;
- soothes, eliminates increased anxiety;
- improves sleep (with a course admission).
Glycine can be used with increased emotional stress, organic and functional diseases nervous system, accompanied by excitability, sleep disorders, neuroses.
5 (100%) 1 vote [s]Despite the dangerous side effects, sleeping pills are the most sought after medicine for. One should be well aware of their advantages and disadvantages, whether they provide natural sleep, before resorting to the pharmacological help of these funds.
According to statistics, up to 9 million different sleeping pills are taken in the United States every year. Moreover, they are most popular with people over 60 years old, and this age group makes up only 15% of the world's population.
A bit of history
Sleeping pills appeared as a medicine about a hundred years ago. Attempts to normalize sleep with the help of herbal medicines and elixirs have been made at all times, because insomnia is as old as the world.
In the Middle Ages, physicians used medicinal ointments, rubdowns, compresses and poultices to treat sleep disorders, the same remedies were successfully used by them for pain relief during operations.
Alcohol has long been considered a generally recognized sleeping pill, but it gives short-term inadequate sleep, giving way to unpleasant symptoms hangover.
Also, the favorite remedies for insomnia (insomnia) were previously considered hashish, opium and other derivatives of substances extracted from plants of the Solanaceae family, belladonna, for example. All of these drugs were ineffective in treating sleep disorders and, moreover, could be harmful to health.
V late XIX century there were "real" sleeping pills - sleep-inducing drugs, namely - paradelgide and chloral hydrate. They are still on the lists of modern medicines, but they are used extremely rarely, this is to blame unpleasant taste and smell.
Classic sleeping pills of the last century
Barbiturates. In 1864, barbituric acid was synthesized from urea and malonic acid, which became the basis for the extremely popular and "reliable" sleeping pill of the last century - barbiturate. At the beginning of the 20th century, these sleeping pills are prescribed more often than any other medicine for insomnia.
However, the reliability and effectiveness of this tool had a dangerous downside - a tenfold overdose caused severe poisoning, which was initially accompanied by confusion of consciousness, and then led to its complete loss.
Further, the situation worsened - the shock was accompanied by impaired activity of the kidneys and lungs, hypothermia (a decrease in body temperature). If a person poisoned with barbiturate did not receive a quick medical assistance, the chance of recovery was very small.
Another disadvantage of barbiturates was the possibility of poisoning children due to the negligence of adults. But the most compromising fact was its use for suicide: about 10% of all suicides in 1963 in the United States were committed with the help of barbiturates.
Barbiturates, like other sleeping pills, are addictive and addictive, the so-called barbiturate drug addiction.
Drug addicts use this medicine to enhance the "high" in combination with opiates. With an abrupt cessation of drug use, a barbiturate addict experiences a barbitur hangover - a life-threatening withdrawal symptom.
In this way,
barbiturates, providing improved sleep, posed a great threat to the health of their side effects.
Attempts to develop more harmless sleeping pills continued, and in 1956 it entered the arena of the pharmaceutical market and gained wide popularity - thalidomide, a new generation drug.
Thalidomide
Its main advantage is that even with a significant overdose, there are no symptoms of poisoning, doctors form the opinion that thalidomide is a safe sleeping pill.
But ... It took 5 long years before the medical world it became clear that the greatest pharmacological catastrophe had occurred. Women who took thalidomide during pregnancy began to give birth to monstrously ugly babies.
Calculations showed that about 10 thousand of such children were born, and almost half of them survived. In the wake of this disaster, laws are being passed that tighten requirements for testing a new drug.
Sedatives (sedatio - means sedation, lat.) Or psycholeptics
- they have a general sedative effect, regulating the functions of the central nervous system (CNS): the inhibition processes are enhanced (they reduce the severity of reactions to various external stimuli), the excitation processes are lowered (they decrease the activity of wakefulness).
Psycholeptics make falling asleep easier and deepen sleep.
Sedatives include:
Bromides (camphor bromide, potassium and sodium bromide) - synthetic substances,
Preparations based on medicinal plants(valerian root, passionflower herbs of motherwort flowers, peony, mint and others).
Bromides
found application in medicine as early as the 19th century. Their action is aimed at restoring the equilibrium processes of inhibition and excitation in the cerebral cortex, the dose of drugs is determined by the individual degree of dysfunction of the central nervous system.
Bromides are prescribed for different neurotic disorders and as a sedative.
A feature of this group of drugs is their slow elimination from the body; it takes about 12 days to reduce their concentration in the blood by half.
The accumulation of bromides can provoke chronic poisoning, bromism, manifested by apathy, general lethargy, memory impairment, inflammation of the mucous membranes and the appearance of skin rashes.
Valerian preparations
have a moderate sedative effect, enhance the effect of hypnotics and have antispasmodic action... The composition is based on essential oil, consisting of esters, organic acids, borneol, alkaloids (hatinine and valerin), tannins, sugar and others.
Motherwort preparations
Combined drugs
(valocordin, corvalol, ankylosing spondylitis, validol and others) contain a complex of sedatives.
Indications for the use of sedatives:
Irritability, increased nervous irritability,
vegetative-vascular disorders,
sleep disorders
neuroses and neurosis-like states.
Sedatives have good tolerance, the absence of dangerous side effects(do not cause addiction, physical and mental dependence, drowsiness, muscle relaxation, etc.).
Despite the weaker sedative effect in comparison with modern benzodiazepines (tranquilizers), these drugs are deservedly popular among doctors, especially for the treatment of elderly and senile age groups.
Modern sleeping pills
Benzodiazepines(pharmaceutical term)
appear in pharmacies in the 60s of the last century in the form of tranquilizers: librum, elenium, seduxen. Several years later, doctors come to understand that the sedative effect of these drugs can be used to combat insomnia.
It is now known that it is impossible to draw a clear line between the tranquilizing and hypnotic effects of benzodiazepines.
The use of benzodiazepines in practical medicine has become a significant progress; they have replaced barbiturates and other classical hypnotics. Although the dose of benzodiazepines is 10-100 times less than that of barbiturate, their overdose is also fraught with poisoning, they cause drug dependence with constant use, but the threat to health from their use is much less.
Overdose these funds to lethal outcome rarely leads. However, the danger increases significantly when a large dose is combined with alcohol or another psychotropic (changing mental and emotional condition) drug.
The quality of sleeping pills is determined by three requirements:
1. Reduction of sleep latency - the time interval between the moment of going to bed and the moment of falling asleep.
2. Decreased duration and frequency of periods of wakefulness during the night.
3. An increase in the total duration of sleep.
Fast-acting sleeping pills affect sleep in the first half of the night, and slow-acting ones - in the second.
Side effects of sleeping pills
A hypnotic that induces sleep indistinguishable from natural sleep would be considered ideal. But, unfortunately, all modern drugs change the structure of sleep and EEG.
Barbiturates suppress REM sleep, reducing its duration by 10 to 15 percent. After you stop taking sleeping pills, this sleep phase increases by 40%. Suffers and deep slow sleep, especially when treated with benzodiazepines.
Not the best way affect sleeping pills and brain activity in a dream, distorting the natural picture on the night of taking the medicine and continuing its effect on the next night, free from it.
The ideal sleeping pill should only affect the quality of night sleep, without affecting our state of wakefulness during the day.
But any sleeping pill has aftereffect,
breaking psychological condition on the next day after taking the medicine the night before, the person may experience drowsiness until noon, fatigue, decrease mental performance... His condition resembles a hangover.
The sedative effect slows down the reaction and the patient is not aware of his sluggish state, which can be fraught in situations requiring high concentration of attention.
In Finland, for example, blood tests of drivers who have suffered from road accidents have shown the presence of benzodiazepines in their blood. The aftereffect of these tranquilizers is felt even one day after ingestion.
There is another type of aftereffect of hypnotics - "rebound insomnia."
It is observed when the intake of sleeping pills is abruptly stopped, which has a short period of elimination from the body, and is manifested by sleep disturbance. This is due to the emerging drug dependence on the drug that has been taken for a long time.
Sleep for several nights becomes more disordered and superficial. If the patient does not stand up and returns to taking this drug, drug dependence persists.
Exclude a similar situation it is possible by gradually reducing the dose of sleeping pills taken.
Aged people more restless about sleep disturbances and increased consumption of sleeping pills. However, the aftereffects of drugs at this age can be more severe: confusion, dizziness, memory loss are possible.
Often these symptoms are attributed to senile (senile) symptoms. Therefore, special care should be taken when choosing a sleeping pill for an elderly person.
"Natural" sleeping pills
The most famous home remedy for insomnia is alcohol:
Serious Scientific research have not confirmed the hypnotic properties of alcohol, but many people admit that drinking a drink before bed makes it easier to fall asleep. The problem is this: small dose alcohol is ineffective for a serious sleep disorder, and the action higher dose directed only for the first half of the night.
Back in 1891, Hard, an American physician, wrote that alcohol-induced sleep is very short, waking up a few hours after drinking alcohol, a person does not feel rested, and cannot fall asleep again until morning. In addition, this "medicine" has a well-known side effect - hangover symptoms.
All kinds of herbal remedies,
manufactured by folk recipes are often portrayed as natural medicines that provide natural sleep, as opposed to artificially created chemical substances... But when using such natural hypnotics, care should be taken: the properties of plants have not been thoroughly studied and can have dangerous side effects.
Summary
In conclusion, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that
sleeping pills are potent drugs, the influence of which is not limited to the regulation of sleep functions, they exacerbate snoring and sleep apnea, have an effect on brain function, therefore, their use should not be chaotic, from case to case.
Alexander Borbeli, renowned sleep researcher, recommends:
Understand the causes of your insomnia, be proactive about your own problems, and try to solve them. Passive swallowing of pills leads to the belief that sleeping pills are necessary, that without it one cannot fall asleep.Do not get used to sleeping pills - this "pharmacological crutch" is fraught with drug addiction, a kind of addiction.
Sleeping pills should not be considered a cure, this is a remedy for temporary relief of suffering, the first step in complex treatment a true disease that led to insomnia.
Even with the available indications, the lowest dose should be adhered to., and the course of admission is the shortest. It has been proven that with the lengthening of the course, the effectiveness of sleeping pills decreases.
Many people today have trouble sleeping. This is due to constant stress, experiences, sedentary life, improper diet and bad ecology. To get rid of insomnia, you must first eliminate its cause. But, unfortunately, not everyone succeeds, for example, to go out of town due to workload or not to worry when sick close person... Therefore, many resort to sleeping pills.
Some, not understanding the composition of the remedy and not familiarizing themselves with the contraindications, receive not only an increase in the existing symptoms, but also complications in the form of allergies, as well as an exacerbation of chronic diseases.
Therefore, it is better to give preference to safe insomnia remedies without side effects. What is the most effective and harmless sleeping pill, we will find out further.
The main requirement for sleeping pills is safety. What is hidden under this term? Security is absence negative impact on the body, the minimum number of contraindications and unwanted effects.
Sleeping medications should not cause drowsiness in the daytime, become the cause of fatigue, the appearance of irritability, bad mood... Another important requirement for sleeping pills is the absence of an effect on sleep phases, memory, concentration.
As you know, most potent drugs with a hypnotic effect are addictive. And this, in turn, leads to an increase in the symptoms of insomnia. Therefore, you should not take potent drugs. This is especially true for people who experience short-term sleep problems. For these purposes, drugs are suitable for natural basis sold without a prescription.
Types of drugs
There are several types of drugs that fight insomnia:
- Barbiturates... Render positive result in case a person experiences serious problems with falling asleep. This group includes "Reladorm", "Phenobarbital". However, it should be remembered that these drugs are physically and mentally addictive. When buying, a prescription from a doctor is required. A group of barbiturates shorten the REM sleep cycle.
- Group of tranquilizers... This includes Sibazon, Phenazepam, Midazolam, Nitrazepam. At long-term use can also be addictive. Doctors prescribe similar medications for insomnia, which is caused by anxiety, worries, and unfounded fears.
- Z-preparations... They have practically no undesirable effects, only in some cases, with too long a dose, addiction syndrome can develop. V this group includes "Zopiclon", "Adante", "Ivadal", "Zolpidem".
- Medicines containing melatonin... This includes "Melarena", "Melaxen", "Circadin". Drugs in this group do not affect sleep cycles, speed up the process of falling asleep, reduce the number of night awakenings. Does not cause daytime sleepiness.
Another least safe group hypnotics are considered blockers of histamine receptors. This includes Donormil. Such drugs are not addictive, do not affect sleep phases and have a minimum of undesirable effects and contraindications.
List of safe drugs
No matter how many manufacturers of sleeping pills claim that their drugs are completely safe, you still do not need to believe them. Doctors recommend taking drugs in the most extreme cases, when sleep disorders become severe.
If you have minor difficulty falling asleep, it is better to reconsider your life - stick to proper nutrition, play sports, walk more on fresh air, observe good sleep hygiene, etc.
Over-the-counter medicines
The main thing active substance this medication is melatonin. The drug successfully fights insomnia, speeds up the process of falling asleep, has a light sedative effect... It is also used to restore biological rhythms.
Among the main advantages of Melaxen are:
- The main active ingredient after taking the drug is quickly absorbed to the full.
- After removing the main component from the body, the person continues to sleep soundly. Therefore, sleep can be considered physiological.
- This remedy for insomnia does not cause daytime sleepiness.
- Not addictive, unlike antidepressants and tranquilizers.
Among the disadvantages can be noted an easy contraceptive effect. Therefore, girls who want to become mothers in the near future should be careful when taking this remedy. In addition, pregnant and breastfeeding women should not drink Melaxen.
Take a whole tablet or half 40 minutes before bedtime.
The cost of the drug is 650 rubles. Analogs are: Melarithm, Sonnovan, Melarena, Melaxen Balance.
Important! After taking the drug, you can not be in a room where a bright light is on.
According to feedback from host this medicine, we can conclude: it is very effective. "Melaxen" promotes rapid falling asleep, does not cause drowsiness, irritation and fatigue in the daytime, soothes well, does not have undesirable effects.
Another remedy that can be bought at a pharmacy without a prescription is Afobazol. This is one of the safest tranquilizers, which will not only speed up the process of falling asleep, but also eliminate the symptoms of angina pectoris, and also reduce high blood pressure.
The main active ingredient of "Afobazol" is fabomotizol. It is prescribed for insomnia caused by irritability, anxiety, neurosis. The drug is produced in the form of tablets. It is taken at night half an hour before bedtime. Dosage - 1 tablet 3 times a day.
Advantages of Afobazol:
- Relieves somatic disorders.
- Reduces blood pressure.
- Eliminates bloating.
- Eliminates arrhythmia.
- Eliminates autonomic disorders.
- Reduces the excitability of some parts of the central nervous system.
- Blocks the activity of the part of the brain responsible for anxiety, anxiety excitement.
- Does not cause inhibition of reactions.
Among the disadvantages, it can be noted that the positive effect is not immediately observed. It can be noted only after the second week of taking the drug. The duration of treatment for anxiety-related insomnia is 1 month.
The drug is not allowed to be taken by women who are breastfeeding, children under 18 years of age and pregnant women.
The cost of Afobazol is 435 rubles.
Many people note the positive effect of the drug only after a few days of taking it. The medicine removes anxiety, helps relieve irritability, improve sleep. Not suitable for single use.
Another good remedy without side effects- "Novo-Passit". The drug is completely on plant based... Acts very quickly and is well tolerated. The preparation contains the following components:
- elder;
- St. John's wort;
- hop;
- hawthorn;
- old flower;
- valerian.
Among the advantages can be noted the possibility of providing hypnotic and sedative effects after taking one tablet.
Here are a few more advantages of the drug:
- Minimum side effects.
- Ability to eliminate anxiety, irritability, unnecessary worry.
In addition, Novo-Passit is not addictive. Take 1 tablet (20 ml of syrup) before bedtime.
Important! With an increase in dosage, weakness, drowsiness, and depression are noted. Patients with chronic alcoholism are not allowed to use the drug.
The cost of the medicine in tablets is 600 rubles, in the form of syrup - 350 rubles.
According to reviews, the medication does indeed correct the sleep disorder. And most importantly, it is absolutely safe. Novo-Passit quickly soothes and makes you fall asleep almost instantly.
One more safe remedy to improve the quality of sleep - "Persen night". This sleeping pill is dispensed without a prescription from a doctor.
The main substances that make up the drug are:
- mint;
- Melissa;
- valerian.
The tool is able to relieve nervous excitability, improve the quality of sleep, help speed up the process of falling asleep, and also eliminate cramps in the stomach and intestines. It is taken 20 minutes before bedtime, 1 tablet. Side effects are rare, only when the dosage is exaggerated.
Many argue that this is very good and safe drug, which even after a single dose has a positive result.
The remedy can be more effective than expensive and chemical sleeping pills. Well relaxes, calms, improves sleep, blocks the excitability of the central nervous system. Among the advantages are the ability to:
- lower blood pressure;
- eliminate vegetative disorders;
- restore the functions of the cardiovascular system;
- relieve increased excitability;
- eliminate tachycardia.
Among the disadvantages can be noted the alcohol content, as a result of which the drug is not allowed to be taken by pregnant women, children under 12 years old and lactating women.
The medicine is produced in the form of tinctures and tablets. For insomnia, take 1 tablet or 20-30 drops of tincture half an hour before bedtime.
The price of the drug is 25-60 rubles.
According to numerous reviews, motherwort tincture is an alternative to many drugs with sleeping pills. The tool promotes rapid falling asleep, relaxation and calming. Can be taken for a long time. Contains no side effects.
Absolutely safe sleeping pills. To achieve a positive effect, the drug must be used in a course. Available in the form of tablets and drops. For insomnia and psychoemotional disorders, 3 tablets are prescribed per day. The duration of treatment is 1.5 months.
The advantage of valerian is its complete safety. This product does not cause drowsiness, fatigue, irritability.
Among the disadvantages can be noted the onset of a positive effect after 1 week of admission.
For tablets in pharmacies, they ask for up to 105 rubles, for drops - 40-60 rubles.
Many users of valerian claim that the positive effect of the pills can be expected only a few days after the start of the dose. But as for the infusion, its effect begins within 20-40 minutes. Sleep after administration is deep, during the daytime there is no drowsiness. Can be taken throughout the day as a sedative.
"Formula of Sleep"
The composition of this dietary supplement is dominated by traditional "sleepy" herbs, such as hops and passionflower, as well as vitamins B, magnesium. This composition makes it easier to fall asleep and get deeper and better sleep. There is also a variant of the drug fortified with phytomelatonin.
Advantages of the preparation: natural plant composition, is available in various forms (tea, tablets, syrup), suitable even for children (from 3 years old), improves the quality of sleep, relieves stress. What is important, the sleeping pills have passed clinical trials on the basis of the clinics of the State Research Institute Mental Health Tomsk Science Center SB RAMS are not addictive.
The disadvantages include the cumulative effect, that is, the fact that they do not act immediately.
Among the contraindications are intolerance to the components, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
The price for a pack of 40 pieces is about 393 rubles.
"Tryptophan Calm Formula"
A drug based on the amino acid L-tryptophan, which affects the sleep-wake cycle. Also contains vitamin B and pantothenic acid which are important for maintaining the anti-stress functions of the body.
It improves mood during the day, reduces irritability, helps to calm down and sleep with insomnia against a background of stress, good composition... The only significant drawback of Tryptophan from Evalar is the rather high price for a course of admission.
Contraindications include intolerance to the components, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
The average price for 15 tablets is 339 rubles, 1166 rubles for 60 tablets.
Safe Prescription Sleep Aids
Some prescription medications are also considered safe sleeping pills. The best of these, according to patients, are:
Ivadal is one of the prescription drugs. It is prescribed only for sleep disorders and insomnia. Has practically no side effects.
It is prescribed to speed up the process of falling asleep and slow down psychomotor reactions. The duration of action of the main substance - zolpidem - is about 5 hours. It is taken 20-30 minutes before bedtime. Dosage - 0.1 g.
Advantages of the drug:
- Has a slight sedative effect.
- It is absorbed almost instantly from the gastrointestinal tract.
- After taking Ivadala, a person falls asleep almost instantly, sleeps soundly, and the duration of sleep increases.
- Does not interfere with the natural sleep-wake cycle.
- Does not cause drowsiness or weakness during the daytime.
Important! You can not take the drug to pregnant women, breastfeeding, as well as people who suffer from apnea ( temporary stop breathing at night).
The cost of the drug is 830 rubles.
An excellent preparation that promotes almost instant falling asleep. And most importantly - no side effects. This is what most people say who take Iwadal for insomnia. However, there is also negative reviews O this tool... Many complain of dizziness and weakness in morning time, which pass after a few hours.
The remedy relieves irritability, improves the quality of sleep, promotes rapid falling asleep, eliminates spasms of smooth muscles, relieves nervous excitability. The drug easily copes with the situational and, reduces the number of awakenings during the night's rest, eliminates anxiety, fears.
The medicine is not taken by people with:
- apnea;
- respiratory and heart failure.
In addition, you should not use "Imovan" for pregnant women, lactating women and children under 15 years old. Single dosage - 7.5 mg. If the violations are severe, the doctor will prescribe maximum dose- 15 mg.
Among the disadvantages can be noted the presence of undesirable effects. If the dosage and contraindications are not observed, disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system may occur, digestive system... The drug is not taken together with alcoholic beverages.
Price - 600 rubles.
According to reviews, "Imovan" is a good tool that allows you to fall asleep quickly. However, some complain about a difficult awakening in the morning and a slight fatigue during the day.
The drug falls into the category of pyrazolo-pyrimidines. Prescribed by a doctor in order to get rid of insomnia, frequent awakenings during night rest, shallow sleep and long falling asleep. In pharmacies, it can only be found in pill form. The drug begins to take effect in 25 minutes. Therefore, it is recommended to take it before bedtime - a quarter of an hour.
You can not use "Andante" for nursing and expectant mothers, as well as those who are allergic to the components of the drug, renal and pulmonary insufficiency.
It is not recommended for people who have intolerance to the components that make up the drug, as well as expectant mothers. In addition, it is not allowed to use the fast-acting Andante sleeping pills for pulmonary and renal failure, as well as girls who are breastfeeding, children under 18 years of age.
If the contraindications and the dosage prescribed by the doctor are not observed, problems may arise in the work of the central nervous system, the digestive tract.
Important! If you use the drug for more than 2 weeks, then it can be addictive.
The dosage of the drug is 10 mg. The price of the drug is 450 rubles.
Opinions about this tool are divided. Some talk about its safety and effectiveness. The rest complain of drowsiness during the daytime, irritability, slight dizziness after waking up.
The best tools are natural remedies that have no side effects and have a minimum of contraindications. However, they should be taken on initial stage and for minor sleep disorders. If insomnia has become chronic, then drug treatment is prescribed only by a doctor.
