At first glance, it seems that stress and depression cause disorders only of the nervous system. Any nervous disorder provokes a malfunction of all body systems, the autonomic nervous system.

• 55% lose their appetite, food seems less tasty.
• In 30%, an emotional disorder provokes functional disorders of the intestines and digestion.
• 10% have unpleasant thoughts about life problems distracted from eating.
• Less than 5% develop nausea or vomiting due to nerves.

Lack of appetite can turn undesirable consequences under stress, which already has a negative effect on the body.

What to do if a person has experienced a mental disorder and refuses to eat? We'll tell you in the article.

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Why is there no appetite when stressed?

1. Any disorder provokes nervous exhaustion, emotional overload, overwork.
2. Under stress, the autonomic nervous system, which controls the functioning of internal organs, suffers.
3. Neurosis and depression are a provoking factor in general tension, spasm of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, which is manifested by loss of appetite and an altered perception of the taste of food.
4. Being, the metabolism and secretion of hormones changes.
5. Low levels of leptin and estrogen, sharp drops cortisol on the background of stress is one of the main causes of nervous loss of appetite.

Negative thoughts and experiences completely fill thoughts, pushing into the background the need for a regular meal.

What could be the consequences

Without treatment, the risk of rapid weight loss and nervous exhaustion very large.

• Prolonged lack of appetite can result in sleep disturbance, insomnia.
• A frequent complication of nervous weight loss in women is a violation menstrual cycle.
• in the nursery and adolescence there is a high risk of beriberi, a sharp decrease in immunity, impaired formation of the musculoskeletal system, susceptibility to colds and viral diseases.
• A dangerous consequence of neurosis and depression - with rapid weight loss to exhaustion.
• Accompanied by loss of appetite, headache, severe drowsiness and weakness, muscle pain, arrhythmia, muscle spasms, violation of intestinal motility.

For any nervous breakdown nutrition - important factor to maintain bodily functions.

How to recover from an eating disorder

Appetite regulates the function of intake into the body nutrients, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The hunger and satiety center is located in the hypothalamus. If the blood glucose level drops, a signal is given to eat and increase energy balance.

With an unbalanced diet and the habit of snacking on sweets, the body does not enter required amount nutrients.

It will be possible to restore an eating disorder by observing three simple rules:

1. You should eat at least three times a day.
2. In nutrition, you need to adhere to the formula of 50% carbohydrates, 25% proteins and 25% fats.
3. Sweets should be consumed in small amounts (up to 100 g) as a snack between main meals, and never consumed on an empty stomach.

Replenishing amino acid deficiencies

The cause of poor sleep and appetite, fatigue and malaise can be a lack of amino acids. For humans, tryptophan is an essential amino acid, which is involved in the regulation of the synthesis of vitamin B3 and appetite. You can fill the gap with certain products:

• Soy and legumes, lentils, chickpeas, peas.
• Dairy products, yogurt, milk, fermented baked milk, kefir.
• All nuts contain tryptophan. It is enough to consume up to 50 g of almonds per day, walnuts, cashew, hazelnut.
• Mushrooms and dried fruits, dates, raisins, figs.
• Meat and fish, especially marine.

B vitamins

Essential vitamins in food:

• Walnuts contain a sufficient amount of vitamin B1, B5 and B6.
• Bananas are rich in vitamin C and B5-6.
• Almonds, cashews are the source of the whole complex of group B - B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9.
• Avocados and oats are rich in vitamins B1, B5 and B6.
• Spirulina, spinach, asparagus and pumpkin are rich in vitamins B12 and B6.

Foods rich in zinc

In the body, zinc takes part not only in the metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and enzymes, but also contributes to sexual development, functioning immune system and work of the pancreas with the synthesis of insulin.

You can make up for the lack of zinc with the following products:

• barley and buckwheat;
• lean meat of turkey, rabbit and duck;
• peas beans and chickpeas;
• low-fat cheese and cottage cheese;
• pine nuts, peanuts.

Medications to increase appetite

First of all, you need to make sure the cause of the eating disorder, since the methods of treating a psycho-emotional disorder are extremely different from the treatment of somatic diseases.

Antidepressants

Restore appetite in the syndrome of anorexia nervosa, depression and neurosis.

Drugs with antiserotonin action

Indirectly affect appetite and improve psycho-emotional state.

Hepatoprotectors and tonic

Regulate metabolism and increase tone.

L-carnitine

Participates in metabolic processes and restores the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, thereby regulating eating behavior and appetite.

The Importance of Diet

Regular nutrition not only enriches the body with essential nutrients, but also sets the rhythm for the functioning of all digestive and metabolic organs. At the same time, it is important to eat regularly and balanced, observing the rate of intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Optimally four or five meals a day.

• Breakfast should be in the first 2 hours after waking up, in a 2:1 ratio of carbohydrate and
• The first snack can be between breakfast and lunch. Fruit will do light salad, milk products.

• Lunch should contain at least 40% protein, 30% fat and 30% carbohydrates. The proportion of simple carbohydrates - flour and sweet, should be one third less than the amount complex carbohydrates(cereals, cereals, legumes).
• Best second snack protein products(eggs, cottage cheese), nuts, 1 fruit to choose from, vegetables in any form.
• Dinner should be light, mostly protein with enough vegetables and fiber. Carbohydrates before bed are not recommended.

Appetite stimulants - spices and seasonings

Some foods especially increase hunger and appetite, and can rightfully replace drugs.

1. Marinades, pickles, canned and salted cucumbers and tomatoes.
2. Herb-based spices - basil, cilantro, dill, red paprika and chili.
3. Ground black and white pepper.
4. Horseradish, mustard, ginger and wasabi.
5. Fresh sour berries or fruit drinks from cranberries, lingonberries, lemon and pomegranate juice.

However, if there is a disease of the stomach, gastritis or peptic ulcer- stimulate the appetite with peppery, salty and sour foods is prohibited. This can provoke inflammation of the gastric mucosa and exacerbation of the underlying disease.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do you want to eat when you're stressed?

During constant, prolonged stress, the adrenal glands increase the release of the hormone - cortisol. The more of this substance in the human body, the more he wants to eat. When a person is in a sudden stressful situation (danger to life, strong pain), then a large concentration of another hormone, adrenaline, is released into the plasma, which, on the contrary, discourages a person’s appetite.

What to do during nervous hunger?

Rapid weight loss during nervous exhaustion - bad sign and can lead to anorexia. To prevent this, you should reduce your normal portion, in no case "shove" food into yourself by force, but eat regularly light food: soup, broth, fruits, vegetables. You can support the body with sedatives or antidepressants. It also helps to walk fresh air and sunlight- vitamin D. Appetite should return in two or three months.

Why do they lose weight on nerves?

During stress, the hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine are released into the blood. As a result, metabolism is enhanced, and the connection fatty acids on the contrary, it decreases. Norepinephrine is also responsible for blood pressure, which rises on a nervous basis, forcing the systems in the body to work more actively, and therefore nutrients are consumed faster. As a result, the person loses weight.

What can cause loss of appetite?

Loss of appetite the following reasons:
This may be the body's reaction to nervous fatigue and stress, when more adrenaline enters the bloodstream, thereby accelerating metabolism, so a person loses appetite and loses weight;
Appetite may decrease from a decrease in the body's needs for calories due to old age, heat outside, not enough active image life;
Also, you don’t want to eat during ARVI, flu, and other diseases.

Weight loss with nervousness, why?

A strong shock or frequent stressful situations lead to a greater consumption of calories by the body. Nervosa negatively affect metabolism. Stress causes spasms of the gastrointestinal tract, which interfere with normal digestion and reduce appetite. Therefore, a person does not want to eat, any food causes vomiting reflex and thus the person rapidly loses weight.

Is it possible to lose weight on nerves?

During nervous stress The body is saved by the release of the hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood. All systems begin to function faster, more energy is used up, metabolism increases. Since the body is not accustomed to such a pace of work, it digestive functions are disturbed, appetite decreases, and as a result, a person loses weight.

What to do with anorexia on a nervous basis?

Anorexia nervosa determined by the obsession with losing weight and not eating. To treat the disease, the doctor determines a personal diet, taking into account the missing amount of nutrients. The patient is also prescribed drugs that support the human body as a whole: vitamins, if brittle bones, hormones from amenorrhea, antidepressants. From the very beginning, psychologists work with the patient.

What to do if there is no appetite after the operation?

After the operation, the body will use up its energy and it does not have enough strength to normalize work digestive system metabolism is disturbed. Often a person loses his appetite after taking antibiotics, which are prescribed after surgery. These drugs disrupt the intestinal microflora. To return the desire to eat, the doctor makes a personal menu and diet for the patient. Various herbal decoctions are prescribed to stimulate appetite. Moderate physical exercise and walks on the street restore normal metabolism and restore appetite.

What is psychogenic loss of appetite?

Psychogenic loss of appetite is associated with psychological problems a person that lead to the disease - anorexia. This disease is more common among young girls and teenagers who think they are too fat. Nervous appetite loss leads to excessive weight loss in a short time.

What to do if you feel sick on a nervous basis?

A stressful situation forces the body to turn on all systems. The alarm signal is transmitted to the nerve endings, and the organs, defending themselves, try to get rid of the excess - hence the gag reflex occurs. In general, when the stressful situation passes, then the malaise will pass. This will help breathing exercises to calm the nervous system, also light exercise will force the hormones to be redirected to the work of the muscles. Reception sedatives and drinks from herbal decoctions will calm the nerves.

Why does increased appetite and drowsiness under stress?

Constant prolonged stress causes the body to release the hormone cortisol into the plasma, which increases appetite. Drowsiness, by its very nature, occurs when the brain needs oxygen, but the body does not produce it. Stress leads to spasms of muscles and blood vessels, which causes tension, and it does not allow blood to pass to the brain. Often in stressful situations lowering blood pressure, which also induces sleep.

Conclusion

Conclusion

Loss of appetite may not be the only manifestation of emotional overstrain and stress. In order to prevent nervous exhaustion and anorexia in a depressive state, it is not worth resorting to methods of increasing appetite without the advice of a doctor. At present, an experienced neuropsychiatrist can easily identify the causes of poor appetite, and prescribe the most suitable treatment and means that will not harm the body.

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This state is not independent disease, but develops as a symptom of some mental illnesses (depression, schizophrenia), as well as organic lesions brain. Apathy can also develop in patients suffering from severe somatic diseases ( malignant neoplasms, myocardial infarction) or experienced severe emotional stress.

Apathy is often confused with laziness. At first glance, these two states are very similar, but there are significant differences between them. Laziness is bad habit, which has become a trait of a person's character and manifests itself in the absence of motivation. A person does not do any business because he is not interested in it, and he prefers to go out with friends or take a nap on the couch instead. That is, if a person prefers to perform some actions over others, then this state is regarded as banal laziness. With apathy, the desire to perform all actions disappears. For example, a person understands that it is necessary to clean the house. He does not like the mess, and the cleaning process itself does not cause discomfort. However, due to the lack of strength and motivation, expressed indifference, a person cannot force himself to start cleaning.

Synonyms: athymia, aphimia, anormia, atimia.

Causes of apathy and risk factors

Most common causes apathy are:

• a state of convalescence after severe infectious or somatic diseases;
• hypovitaminosis conditions (especially lack of B vitamins);
• mental, emotional and/or physical exhaustion;
• chronic stress;
• work requiring high concentration attention, responsibility for the life and safety of people around;
• severe acute psychological stress, which can be caused, for example, by death loved one, catastrophe;
• premenstrual syndrome in women;
• brain damage (especially some areas of the frontal lobes);
• a side effect of taking drugs from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Certain mental illnesses can also be the cause of apathy. Most often, apathy manifests itself as a symptom of depression or schizophrenia. Therefore, if complete indifference to the surrounding reality continues for a long time, and even more so is combined with other symptoms that are alarming for mental illness (decreased concentration, memory lapses, insomnia, auditory, visual or tactile hallucinations), you should definitely contact a psychoneurologist.

In some cases, apathy can be considered as a variant of the normal reaction of the nervous system to overwork, that is, it is a kind of signal indicating the need good rest. In this case, the signs of apathy are usually mild and persist for a short time. Their appearance calls to change the surrounding situation or attitude towards it, your mode of life. It should be understood that when misperception such "normal" apathy and lack of reaction to it, it can intensify. In this case, without the help of a specialist, it will be almost impossible to cope with it. This outcome is usually observed in people with a very strong, or, conversely, too weak character. A person with the character of a leader, with ambition, strong will and strong convictions instead of giving yourself and your nervous system rest, begins to actively fight the symptoms of apathy, while loading himself with additional things, forcing him to do them with willpower. As a result, his condition worsens. After some time, the physical and emotional discomfort caused by manifestations of apathy is joined by psychological discomfort, accompanied by the formation of a self-abasement complex. A person mentally scolds himself for weakness, unwillingness and inability to fulfill his duties, growing indifference not only to relatives, but also to himself. As a result, the signs of apathy progress even more until the development of depression. It must be remembered that with apathy, in no case should you increase mental and physical stress! At the same time, one cannot completely relax, giving oneself to power. psychotic disorder and waiting for it to pass on its own.

People with a weak character, when symptoms of apathy appear, begin to fight them with the help of medicines, alcoholic beverages and sometimes drugs. Such an approach not only does not eliminate, but even more strengthens the manifestations of apathy, and in addition, it can create additional problems (the formation drug addiction, alcoholism, drug addiction).

Forms of the disease

Psychotherapists distinguish three types of apathy:

1. passive apathy. Its main symptoms are detachment, lethargy, lack of interest in life. They are quite well expressed and visible to others.
2. active apathy. Changes in the human psyche are practically not noticeable to the people around him. Over time, pathology destroys the psyche so much that it leads to the occurrence of mental illness or suicidal attempts.
3. Traumatic apathy. The cause of its development is organic brain damage caused by trauma, tumors, disorders cerebral circulation. Elimination of the etiological factor in this case also leads to the elimination of signs of apathy.

Symptoms of apathy

The main symptoms of apathy are the loss of aspirations and desires, insensitivity and indifference, loss of interest in matters and things that were previously interesting for a person. Other signs of apathy include:

• significant limitation of social contacts;
• decreased interest in professional activities;
• unwillingness to perform routine duties;
• a state of chronic fatigue that does not disappear even after a long rest;
• absence or a sharp decline appetite
• slowness of physical and mental reactions;
• depressed mood;
• slurred, slurred speech;
• lack of initiative;
• impaired concentration.

A person with apathy is distinguished by detachment from the surrounding reality and people, passivity and indifference, lack of natural need be loved and love yourself. Emotions are stored, but hidden deep in the realm of the unconscious. That is why a person suffering from apathy is perceived by others as insensitive, lifeless, devoid of emotions, without any aspirations, inclinations or desires.

In severe apathy, bordering on the state of abulia, patients have a pronounced lack of initiative, taciturnity, inactivity, impaired thinking, and memory lapses. Speech is slurred and slurred. Movements are fuzzy, sluggish, sometimes poorly coordinated.

Apathy can occur with well-marked surrounding clinical symptoms, but sometimes develops gradually. In this case, the destruction of the human psyche occurs endogenously, and an outwardly healthy and active person can suddenly make a suicide attempt for everyone.

Signs of apathy are never irritability and tension. In a person, on the contrary, any desire to do something, to try to satisfy his desire, disappears. There is atrophy and depreciation of personal emotional experiences resulting in neither positive nor negative emotions.

Diagnostics

It is possible to assume that a patient has apathy if he has 4-5 symptoms from the list below:

• recent severe stress;
• lack of communication with friends and relatives for a long time, severe discomfort when thinking about the upcoming contact with them;
• recurring gloomy thoughts;
• slovenliness in clothes, unwillingness to take care of oneself;
• constant feeling of tension;
• decrease in working capacity;
• sleep disorders, especially drowsiness during the day and insomnia at night;
• perception of the surrounding reality in slow motion;
• lack of joyful emotions;
• decrease in self-confidence.

To identify the underlying cause of the development of apathy, the patient consults a psychoneurologist, neuropathologist, therapist, endocrinologist.

Treatment of apathy

The choice of apathy treatment method is determined by the form of psychopathic disorder, as well as the intensity of clinical manifestations.

Therapy for mild degrees of apathy is carried out without the use of medications. Patients are recommended moderate physical activity, regular walks in the fresh air, compliance with the regime of alternating work and rest. In this case, travel, communication with friends and relatives help to cope with apathy.

In severe apathy, treatment is carried out by a neuropsychiatrist. The treatment plan includes pharmacological agents one or more courses, as well as psychotherapy sessions.

Possible consequences and complications

Severe forms of apathy in the absence of adequate therapy can lead to the development of affective state depression, suicide attempts.

Forecast

The prognosis is favorable. In most cases, this psychotic state well served therapy. In cases where apathy develops as a symptom mental illness(schizophrenia, depression), the prognosis is determined by the course of the underlying pathology.

Prevention

Prevention of apathy is aimed at preventing physical and mental overwork and includes:

• compliance with the daily routine;
• regular exercise;
• proper nutrition;
• avoidance of stressful situations.

In order not to fall into a state of apathy, psychologists recommend:

1. Don't hold back your emotions. If there is a state of sadness and a desire to cry, do not fight it. With tears comes stress.
2. Take breaks. When you feel growing tired, you need to find an opportunity to stop the flow of things and allow yourself to rest. It is best to take a vacation and go on a journey, not necessarily a long one. In the absence of such an opportunity, it is worth taking a walk in the park, visiting a museum, going to the cinema, that is, trying in any way to change the environment.
3. Get a dog. This recommendation is especially relevant for single people. The animal must be regularly looked after, every morning and evening take long walks with it. This stimulates a sense of responsibility and prevents the occurrence of apathy.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Education: graduated from the Tashkent State medical institute with a degree in general medicine in 1991. Repeatedly attended refresher courses.

Work experience: anesthesiologist-resuscitator of the city maternity complex, resuscitator of the hemodialysis department.

The information is generalized and is provided for informational purposes only. Seek medical attention at the first sign of illness. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

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Apathy: symptoms and treatment

Apathy - the main symptoms:

• Weakness
• Loss of appetite
• Drowsiness
• Fast fatiguability
• Insomnia
• lethargy
• Memory losses
• Depression
• Decreased performance
• lethargy
• Lack of interest in life
• Reluctance to communicate with anyone
• Decreased mental activity

Apathy is a mental disorder in which a person does not show interest in work, any activities, does not want to do anything and, in general, is indifferent to life. Such a state very often comes into a person’s life imperceptibly, since it does not manifest itself as pain symptoms - a person may simply not notice deviations in mood, since absolutely any life process, and most often their combination, can become the causes of apathy.

At one point or another in life, every person experiences such a dulling of emotions. V rare cases such a state can even be useful - a person analyzes life and his place in it, gains energy for future actions. But if you do not start treating apathy in time, it can lead to sad consequences, since a person cannot or does not want to fight it. In medicine, a temporary state of apathy is even considered normal, the main thing is to make sure that indifference and depression do not develop into a chronic character.

The main symptoms of apathy are not only depression and detachment from life, but also constant drowsiness, laziness, and weakness. Often, apathy is mistaken for another disease - chronic fatigue, but the difference lies in the fact that in this case the main cause is physical overstrain, and not the influence of external factors.

Apathy can arise not only independently, but also become a consequence serious illnesses psyche.

Etiology

The causes of apathy are very diverse, but it is believed that only a long-term influence of several factors on the psyche at the same time can lead to such a state. Apathy for life is caused by:

• emotional and psychological exhaustion;
• prolonged stress;
• irrational rest;
• changes in life, such as the death of relatives, dismissal from work, unwanted pregnancy, divorce of parents, etc.;
• the period before the onset of menstruation;
• sexual problems (for men);
• constant pressure from society;
• long separation from family and friends;
• the desire to always and in everything be correct;
• feeling that a person is worthless or has not achieved the desired results in life;
• excitement before any event that is important;
• addiction - alcohol, drugs, gambling, etc.;
• chronic or incurable diseases that cannot be cured;
• monetary dependence on a person;
• taking medications that depress emotions, such as hormonal, steroid and sleeping pills;
• depression, in this case is not only the cause mental disorder, but also a consequence after it;
• brain damage by infections or injuries;
• schizophrenia;
• pregnancy due to hormonal disruptions apathy is often diagnosed in women in this position.

In general, any negative emotional outburst can cause apathy towards life and others.

Symptoms

Symptoms of such emotional disorder are directly related to its causes. Signs of apathy need to be recognized and treated on initial stages, because without timely elimination, the disease can be transformed into prolonged depression which is very difficult to deal with. Signs of apathy can be:

• drowsiness as a reaction to stress or excitement;
• body weakness;
• unwillingness to do anything;
• seizures or constant laziness;
• depression;
• lack of interest in previously pleasurable things;
• unwillingness to communicate with anyone and do something;
• sleep disturbance, insomnia at night, and during the day you want to sleep;
• decrease in mental and labor activity;
• memory losses;
• decreased or complete lack of appetite.

But in fact, the above processes do not affect the personality as much as the lack of desire to do something in order to cope with them.

Symptoms of apathy can manifest themselves in several ways. The first one is in which depression and weakness are noticeable by people around, but they cannot in any way affect the fact that a person begins to fight it, but, on the contrary, only worsen the situation - the patient resists even more and is too lazy to fight it. The second - when the disease does not leave an imprint on everyday life and taking any action. The second option is very dangerous, because in the event of its occurrence, a person often takes his own life.

Complications

A complication of apathy for life is depression a person who can still be suppressed with mild degree leaks. But if a person does not communicate with anyone, or, on the contrary, pretends that everything is fine, he can quite unexpectedly commit suicide. Therefore, if loved ones notice the first symptoms of apathy, such as weakness, drowsiness and laziness, action should be taken immediately to combat it.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing apathy for everything is quite difficult, since the disorder has many symptoms. The complexity of diagnosis lies in the fact that such manifestations of the disease as weakness, drowsiness and lack of interest are not reasons for stopping the activity of a person. Patients can cope with apathy on their own, but do not do this because of their laziness and the fact that everything suits them - they see no reason for concern.

During the diagnosis, doctors should try to find out the causes of apathy and pay attention to:

• body weakness;
• drowsiness and fatigue;
• oppression and deprivation of interests or hobbies;
• laziness and lack of desire to do anything in order to cope with the problem.

In the case when a person has prolonged apathy, bordering on depression, he loses his appetite, and he is visited by thoughts of suicide, but still he realizes the price of his life and understands what deplorable consequences this threatens.

Treatment

If a condition such as apathy lasts for one month, then this becomes a reason to start treatment. In spite of wide range causes and symptoms of the disease, there are many ways to get rid of apathy. But the methods of treatment for each person are purely individual. For some a good remedy will cry, scream and tell someone about his problems, whether it be a relative, friend or therapist. For others, it will be useful to limit communication, cut off communication and go on vacation, during which you can put your thoughts in order, sleep and gain strength. As a treatment option, you can consider meeting with relatives or friends, changing jobs or residence.

New acquaintances are well taken out of the state of laziness and weakness, then, for the sake of a new person, the patient will want to change, play sports together, attend circles, especially since such events will help get rid of constant drowsiness. You need to force yourself to do at least something, to communicate with people through force.

Everyone chooses for himself how to deal with apathy, the main thing is to understand and realize the problem, because it is much better than doing nothing at all to fight it and lay hands on yourself.

Prevention

Prevention of apathy for life is best done on early stages, for this you need:

• normalize the daily routine, leave enough time for rest and good sleep;
• get rid of contact with unpleasant people;
• when the first signs of a disorder appear, you need to know in advance what apathy is and what to do to get out of this state;
• change the place of work or residence, in general, try to exclude, if not all, then most of the reasons that can serve as an impetus for the appearance of an emotional disorder;
• do not be ashamed of your emotions - both bad and good;
• fight against drowsiness and bouts of laziness through strength;
• timely treatment of mental illness;
• do not doubt yourself and fight the constraint of expressing your desires and needs.

If you think that you have Apathy and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then a psychotherapist can help you.

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Exhaustion, lack of appetite, apathy, diarrhea, hair loss as symptoms of Simmonds disease

Simmonds disease is characterized by general weakness, weakness, emaciation, emaciation, lack of appetite, stool disorder, severe drowsiness, amenorrhea, apathy, complete indifference to the environment.

Objectively, there is a sharp emaciation, disappearance of the subcutaneous tissue, muscle atrophy, premature aging(progeria). The skin is dry, atrophic, wrinkled, pale with an earthy tint, turgor is significantly reduced. There is brittleness and hair loss on the head, in armpits, on the pubis, eyebrows often fall out, in men - mustaches and beards.

In internal organs changes in the form of hypofunction and atrophy are also sharply expressed. Heart sounds are muffled, rare, arterial pressure is lowered, a collaptoid state is possible. The ECG voltage is low due to myocardial dystrophy. An echocardiographic study shows a decrease in the volume of the heart, wall thickness, and a weakening of the contractile function of the myocardium. Dyspeptic phenomena (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stool disorders) are caused by inhibition of gastric secretion, exocrine function of the pancreas, atony of the intestines. Splanchioptosis develops.

Simmonds disease is characterized by loss of function of the peripheral endocrine glands. Hypofunction of the gonads is manifested by the extinction of sexual function, amenorrhea, the reverse development of secondary sexual characteristics: in women, the mammary glands, uterus and its appendages atrophy, in men, the testicles, penis, and prostate gland decrease. A decrease in thyroid function is manifested by a picture of hypothyroidism: dryness and pallor of the skin, bradycardia, chilliness, hypothermia, and constipation. Signs of hypofunction of the adrenal glands are adynamia, hypotension, a tendency to hypoglycemic states up to hypoglycemic coma. Characterized by spontaneous morning hypoglycemia with loss of consciousness.

The change in the neuropsychic status is not limited to apathy. Depression, drowsiness, hallucinations, negativism, etc. develop.

Some differences in clinical symptoms may be associated with different etiological factors. Yes, if available tumor process symptoms of increased intracranial pressure - headache, deterioration of vision and changes in the fundus of the eye such as congestive nipple optic nerve, vomiting of central origin. Viral meningoencephalitis gives a clinic focal neurological symptoms and chronic recurrent infection. With hypothalamic localization of the lesion, a clinical picture of the hypothalamic syndrome with periodic crises is observed.

Under the influence of provoking factors, such as physical or mental trauma, surgery, hypothermia, hyperinsolation, drug administration, a hypopituitary crisis or coma may develop. Depending on the prevailing insufficiency of a particular gland, several clinical variants of the crisis can be distinguished:

1. hypothyroid, in which drowsiness, hypothermia, bradycardia, edema, constipation, hypercholesterolemia prevail;
2. hypoglycemic or addisonic are characterized by severe adynamia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hunger, agitation, hyponatremia, hyperchloremia, hyperkalemia;
3. hypopituitaric, in which there is a combination of signs of thyroid and adrenal insufficiency.

A.Efimov, N.Skrobonskaya, A.Cheban

"Exhaustion, lack of appetite, apathy, diarrhea, hair loss as symptoms of Simmonds disease" - an article from the Pituitary Diseases section

Loss of appetite

Loss of appetite - clinical manifestation of a non-specific nature, which can be a manifestation of both a certain gastroenterological disease, and be the result of some physiological factors. In this case, psychosomatics is not excluded, which may indicate a loss of appetite due to nervousness. In any case, methods for eliminating such a symptom should be chosen by a qualified medical specialist, after carrying out the necessary laboratory and instrumental methods of examination. Self-medication is unacceptable, especially for children.

Etiology

Poor appetite or its complete absence may be the result of both certain disease, most often of a gastroenterological nature, and physiological factors.

To diseases in the clinical picture of which there is this symptom, should include:

• infectious lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
• gastritis, pancreatitis, ulcerative lesion stomach of any shape;
• gastroenteritis;
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• anorexia;
• diabetes mellitus and other systemic diseases;
• frequent food poisoning (in this case, loss of appetite may be due not so much to the current pathological process as to psychosomatics);
• endocrine diseases;
• pathological processes in the pancreas;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• chronic renal failure;
• hepatitis;
• food allergy;
• stomach cancer and colon cancer;
• celiac disease;
• disturbed metabolism;
• chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• complete or partial intestinal obstruction.

Separately, it is necessary to highlight the etiological factors that can also lead to a decrease in appetite, but are not diseases:

• pregnancy, especially early dates;
• teething in children - in this case poor appetite may be present from 3 months to 3 years;
• frequent stress, almost constant nervous tension;
• physical fatigue.

A complete lack of appetite can be observed in disorders psychological nature especially in the following diseases:

• seasonal affective disorder;
• chronic depression;
• dementia;
• schizoaffective disorder.

Lack of appetite during early pregnancy is not always a sign of a certain disease - it can be normal reaction organism on physiological changes and restructuring hormonal background. However, if such a clinical manifestation is observed for a rather long time and additional symptoms are present, an urgent need to consult a doctor. A similar condition in pregnant women is dangerous not only for their health, but also for the development of the fetus.

Classification

There are two types of loss of appetite:

• anorexia - total loss appetite
• partial reduction;
• change in taste.

Regardless of which form takes place, you need to consult a doctor for an examination. Timely diagnosis help to eliminate the disease in a timely manner or even prevent its development.

Symptoms

If the deterioration in appetite in an adult or a child is not due to a pathological process in the body, then there will be no additional clinical picture. Symptoms will develop only with prolonged fasting, which will be due to the absence necessary for the body substances for normal functioning.

At diabetes poor appetite will be accompanied by the following clinical picture:

• weight loss, against the background of deterioration or total absence appetite
• constant thirst;
• frequent urination;
• skin itching;
• dizziness, increased fatigue;
• disruption of the sleep cycle;
• in women, menstrual irregularities;
• men can develop impotence;
• exacerbation of existing chronic ailments;
• itching in the perineum;
• long-term cure for infectious diseases;
• slow healing of various mechanical damage skin cover;
• numbness of the limbs, swelling;
• pain in the region of the heart, which can spread to the entire chest;
• in children there is a lack of gain in weight and height, even with sufficient food intake.

If the cause of the deterioration in appetite was gastritis and similar diseases, then the manifestation of such a clinical picture is possible:

• abdominal pain, their nature and localization will depend on the underlying factor;
• nausea, which is often accompanied by vomiting. In most cases, vomiting occurs after eating. May contain impurities of blood and bile;
• violation of the frequency and consistency of the stool - diarrhea, prolonged constipation. In the feces, undigested food, blood, mucus may be present;
• weakness, decreased performance;
• change in taste;
• unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• heartburn, belching with an unpleasant odor;
• obstruction of food through the intestines, so a person often has to drink it down;
• aversion to food, since quite often eating provokes new bouts of nausea and vomiting;
• subfebrile body temperature;
• increased sweating.

It should also be understood that frequent bouts of vomiting and diarrhea lead to dehydration, which is life-threatening and, in the absence of timely medical care, can be fatal.

Complete loss of appetite may indicate the development of anorexia, on a nervous basis or due to other etiological factors. In this case, the deterioration of appetite will be accompanied by the following clinical picture:

• low blood pressure;
• weakness, fatigue, lethargy;
• low body temperature, which is why the patient may complain of a feeling of cold in the hands and feet;
• a person is almost constantly nauseated;
• frequent fainting, dizziness;
• fragility of hair and nails, increased susceptibility of the skin to mechanical stress;
• swelling of the legs and arms, even in the absence of physical activity or static load;
• hair loss;
• stool disorder frequent constipation may be replaced by bouts of diarrhea;
• unpleasant odor from the mouth;
• flatulence;
• abdominal pain;
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• decrease in sexual desire;
• a person tries to eat separately, constantly strives to reduce his portion;
• pathological fear of getting better, even if there are no obvious factors for this;
• the patient begins to wear baggy clothes to hide the imaginary fullness.

If the patient has a history of chronic diseases, then their exacerbation will be observed. It must also be understood that if adequate treatment is not started in a timely manner, then the stage of development of cachexia begins, which is characterized by complete exhaustion organism and in itself is an irreversible pathological process.

Decreased appetite in the elderly can be characterized as age-related changes and the development of dementia. In the clinical picture of such an ailment, there is also a deterioration in appetite, followed by complete exhaustion. In the vast majority of cases, this leads to death.

Lack of appetite in an adult may be due to hepatitis, which will be characterized by the following symptoms:

• jaundice skin and sclera;
• frequent urination, urine acquires a rich dark color;
• dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
• instability of the menstrual cycle;
• weakness, irritability;
• heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
• decreased performance, apathy.

Similar symptoms can be observed in the extreme stages of the development of the disease, which leads to cirrhosis of the liver. In this case, a sharp loss of body weight will be added to the overall clinical picture.

Such a clinical manifestation as lack of appetite may be present in celiac disease, which will be characterized by the following additional symptoms:

• bouts of diarrhea, up to 6 times a day. feces may be black, due to the admixture of blood;
• bloating, increased flatulence;
• paroxysmal pain in the navel;
• nausea with vomiting;
• weakness;
• skin rash;
• increased susceptibility to infections, which will be characterized by frequent stomatitis, slow healing wounds;
• dry skin, peeling;
• violation of the menstrual cycle in women, impotence in men;
• migraine attacks, frequent depression, unstable psycho-emotional state of a person.

In more rare cases, against the background of such a clinical picture, hepatitis of an infectious etiology may develop.

At food allergies lack of appetite will be symptomatic and in its clinic will be almost identical food poisoning. In addition to this, there may be a rash on the body, itching, increased lacrimation.

Regardless of what kind of clinical picture takes place, if the appetite is gone, you should apply for medical care rather than self-medicate.

Diagnostics

In this case, it is required complex diagnostics, which may include the following laboratory and instrumental research methods:

• general analysis of urine and blood;
• blood test for hormones;
• a blood test for the presence of an allergen and for sugar;
• deployed biochemical analysis blood;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• liver tests;
• thyroid diagnostics;
• test for HIV and STDs.

Depending on the current symptoms and the collected history, the diagnostic program may change. To determine the exact reason why the appetite disappears, the doctor can only after conducting all the necessary tests.

Treatment

To eliminate the underlying factor, both conservative and radical methods of treatment can be used. V drug therapy may include the following drugs:

• antiemetics;
• to improve gastric motility;
• high-calorie nutritional mixtures (mandatory in the absence of appetite in the elderly or children);
• antibiotics;
• sorbents;
• antispasmodics;
• proton pump inhibitors;
• antidiarrheal.

If the underlying factor is a gastroenterological disease, then dietary nutrition may be included in the treatment.

No exception application folk remedies to eliminate this clinical manifestation. In this case, you can use the following:

• the inclusion of fresh herbs in the diet, as it stimulates the appetite well;
• herbal decoctions of lemon balm, chamomile, peppermint, motherwort.

Before using such products, it is necessary to consult with your doctor, as a person may be allergic to certain components. Also, some components are contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

Prevention

Focused preventive advice no, since this is only a clinical manifestation of a non-specific nature, and not a separate ailment. In general, it is necessary to adhere to the optimal diet for the body and not to self-medicate. It is also necessary to systematically pass preventive examinations doctors, which will help prevent the disease or start its treatment in a timely manner.

Poor appetite in a child is a phenomenon that can act as a sign of a certain pathological process and be the result of certain physiological factors. It should also be noted that a decrease in appetite in a child may not always be due to a gastroenterological disease. Only a doctor can establish the exact etiology after an examination. Self-medication is unacceptable.