In conditions modern civilization, no matter how sad it is to admit it, even healthy person difficult to save required stock health and strength. And when it comes to the birth of a new life, this problem becomes even more acute. And if the twentieth century was declared the century cardiovascular diseases, then the 21st century, according to WHO forecasts, will become the century of allergies.
Already today, more than 20% of the world's population suffers from allergies, and in areas with unfavorable environmental conditions - 50% or more. In Russia, the prevalence of allergic diseases in different regions is 15-35%.
Over the past 30 years, the incidence of allergies has increased 2-3 times every 10 years. This is due to the sharp deterioration of the environment, acute and chronic stress, intensive development of all types of industry without sufficient compliance with environmental measures, uncontrolled use of medicines, widespread use of cosmetics and synthetic products, strong introduction of disinfection and disinfestation products into everyday life, changes in dietary patterns, the emergence of new allergens.
An allergy is an expression of the body's immune (protective) reaction, which damages its own tissues; in medical terminology this is called allergic diseases (this also includes acute allergies). Unfortunately, among patients with acute allergies (AAZ), pregnant women are found in 5-20% of cases. These numbers have increased 6-fold over the past 20 years. The most common age for pregnant women with allergies is 18-24 years. According to the prognosis of the course and the risk of developing threatening conditions, all OAZ (see Tables 1, 2) are divided into mild (allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, localized urticaria) and severe (generalized urticaria, Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock).
How the disease develops
So, what is the mechanism of allergic reactions? There are three stages in the development of the disease.
First stage. The allergen enters the body for the first time. This may include plant pollen, animal fur, food products, cosmetics, etc. Cells immune system recognize foreign substances and trigger the formation of antibodies. Antibodies attach to the walls of the so-called mast cells, which are located in huge quantities under the mucous membranes and epithelial tissues. Such combinations can exist for more than a year and “wait” for the next contact with the allergen.
Second stage. An allergen that enters the body again binds antibodies on the surface of the mast cell. This triggers the opening mechanism of mast cells: biologically active substances (histamine, serotonin, etc.) are released from them, which cause the main symptoms of allergies; they are also called inflammatory mediators or pro-inflammatory hormones.
Third stage. Biologically active substances cause vasodilation and increase tissue permeability. Swelling and inflammation occurs. In severe cases, when the allergen enters the bloodstream, severe vasodilation and sharp drop blood pressure(anaphylactic shock).
| Light OAZ | |
| OAZ | Clinical manifestations |
| Allergic rhinitis | Difficulty in nasal breathing or nasal congestion, swelling of the nasal mucosa, discharge of copious watery mucous secretions, sneezing, burning sensation in the throat. |
| Allergic | Hyperemia (redness), swelling, injection of the conjunctiva (vessels are visible on the white of the eye), itching, lacrimation, photophobia, swelling of the eyelids, narrowing of the palpebral fissure. |
| Localized urticaria | A sudden lesion of a part of the skin: the formation of sharply defined round blisters with raised edges and a pale center, accompanied by severe itching. |
| Heavy OAZ | |
| OAZ | Clinical manifestations |
| Generalized urticaria | A sudden lesion of the entire skin with the formation of sharply defined round blisters with raised erythematous (red) edges and a pale center, accompanied by severe itching. |
| Quincke's edema | Swelling of the skin, subcutaneous tissue or mucous membranes. It most often develops in the area of the lips, cheeks, eyelids, forehead, scalp, scrotum, hands, and feet. At the same time, swelling of the joints, mucous membranes, including the larynx and gastrointestinal tract may occur. Edema of the larynx is manifested by cough, hoarseness, and suffocation. Swelling of the gastrointestinal mucosa is accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. |
| Anaphylactic shock | Arterial hypotension(decreased blood pressure) and stupor when not severe course, loss of consciousness in severe cases, respiratory failure due to laryngeal edema, abdominal pain, urticaria, itchy skin. Manifestations develop within an hour after contact with the allergen (usually within the first 5 minutes). |
The most common manifestations of allergies in pregnant women are allergic rhinitis, urticaria and angioedema.
The effect of allergies on the fetus
So, what is the mechanism of allergic reactions? There are three stages in the development of the disease. When an allergic reaction occurs in the mother, the fetus does not develop its own allergosis, since the specific immunocomplexes that react to the allergen irritant (antigens - substances that cause the allergy, and antibodies produced in response to antigens) do not penetrate the placenta. But nevertheless, the child in the womb experiences the influence of the disease under the influence of three factors:
- change in mother's condition;
- possible action medicines on the blood supply to the fetus (medicines used for allergies can cause a decrease in uteroplacental blood flow, which fully ensures the life of the fetus);
- harmful effects of drugs (this will be discussed below).
Treatment of allergies during pregnancy
The main goal of immediate treatment is effective and safe elimination symptoms of OAZ in a pregnant woman without the risk of negative effects on the fetus.
Indeed, the human reaction to the use medicines depends on its physiological state, the nature of the pathology and the type of therapy.
Pregnancy in this sense should be considered as a special physiological state. It must be taken into account that up to 45% of pregnant women have diseases internal organs, and from 60 to 80% regularly take certain medications. On average, during pregnancy a woman takes up to four different medications, not counting vitamins, minerals and biological active additives. Need I say that this is far from safe for the unborn child? Moreover, if a woman makes the decision to take certain medications independently.
Let's consider clinical example. A 31-year-old woman was taken to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute allergosis and generalized urticaria. This is her second pregnancy, and the woman did not suffer from allergies before going to the hospital. Got sick suddenly, about 1 hour after eating orange juice. A rash appeared on the chest and arms; skin itching began. The woman independently decided to take the pill diphenhydramine, but this did not have the desired effect. On the advice of a doctor friend, she took 1 additional tablet suprastina, also without effect. By morning the rash had spread to the whole body, and the patient called an ambulance medical care. The ambulance doctor administered 2 ml intramuscularly tavegila, there was no effect. The doctor decided to take the woman to the hospital department general resuscitation. The allergic reaction disappeared completely after only 3 days.
In the example given, the woman received three different antihistamines before entering the hospital, one of which ( diphenhydramine) is contraindicated during pregnancy. Therefore, in every case of allergies, you must immediately consult a doctor for help.
Most "popular" antihistamines used to treat allergies are contraindicated during pregnancy. So, diphenhydramine may cause excitability or contractions of the uterus at a time close to childbirth, when taken in doses greater than 50 mg; after taking terfenadine there is a decrease in the weight of newborns; astemizole has toxic effect to the fruit; suprastin (chloropyramine), Claritin (loratadine), cetirizine (alleprtek) And Fexadine (fexofenadine) during pregnancy are permissible only if the effect of treatment outweighs the potential risk to the fetus; tavegil (clemastine) during pregnancy should be used only vital signs; pipolfen (piperacillin) is not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
When an allergic reaction occurs for the first time, it is necessary in any case, even if this condition did not last long, to seek advice from an allergist. I would like to emphasize that the main thing in the treatment of allergic conditions and diseases is not the elimination of allergy symptoms with the help of medications, but the complete exclusion of contact with the allergen.
In order to identify the allergen, they carry out special examinations. Determination of blood levels of IgE antibodies specific for certain allergens and skin prick tests are used. For skin tests, solutions are prepared from potential allergens (extracts of herbs, trees, pollen, animal epidermis, insect venom, food, medicines). The resulting solutions are administered intradermally in minimal quantities. If the patient is allergic to one or more of the listed substances, then local swelling develops around the injection of the corresponding allergen.
What should be done if OAZ manifests itself and what drugs can be used?
1st generation H2-histamine blockers:
2nd generation H2-histamine blockers: Claritin (loratadine)— during pregnancy, use is possible only if the effect of therapy outweighs the potential risk to the fetus, that is, the drug should be used only if the mother’s allergic condition threatens the fetus more than taking the drug. This risk is assessed by the doctor in each specific case. 3rd generation H2-histamine blockers: Fexadine (fexofenadine)- during pregnancy, use is possible only if the effect of therapy outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. |
Another very important aspect of the problem is the prevention of allergic diseases in an unborn child. Preventive measures include limiting or, in severe cases, excluding highly allergic foods from a pregnant woman’s diet. Gastrointestinal tract- the main entrance gate for allergens penetrating the fetus. The formation of hypersensitivity (that is, the formation in the child’s body of antibodies that are ready to provoke an allergic reaction upon the secondary introduction of an allergen - already in the baby’s extrauterine life) occurs with a certain degree of maturity of the fetal immune system, which is achieved approximately during intrauterine development. Thus, from this time on, limiting allergens in food is justified.
The prevention of allergic reactions should also include limiting possible contact with other allergens: household chemicals, new cosmetics etc.
These restrictions are, of course, not absolute. For healthy expectant mothers who do not suffer from allergies, it is enough not to consume these products daily and at the same time, but it is possible to periodically include them in the diet. Those expectant mothers who have at least once had some form of allergy to food should completely avoid “risky” foods. this product. If a woman suffers from allergic diseases (allergic bronchial asthma, allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, etc.), she will have to exclude entire food groups from her diet.
It should be emphasized that smoking (both active and passive) is absolutely unacceptable for pregnant and lactating women. There are known facts confirming that maternal smoking during pregnancy affects the development of the fetus’s lungs and leads to intrauterine growth retardation. Maternal smoking is one of the causes of fetal stress. After one smoked cigarette, a spasm of the uterine vessels occurs for 20-30 minutes and the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fruit. Children of smoking mothers have an increased likelihood (among other serious illnesses) development of atopic (allergic) dermatitis and bronchial asthma.
During pregnancy, it is recommended not to have pets, to ventilate the apartment more often, to do wet cleaning daily, to vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture at least once a week, to beat and dry pillows. And one more important note. Breast milk- the most suitable product for feeding children in the first months of life. It has the required temperature, does not require time to prepare, does not contain bacteria and allergens, is easily digestible, and contains enzymes for its own digestion. Early before 4 months - termination breastfeeding increases the frequency of allergic reactions several times.
Let us remind you that a pregnant woman, regardless of whether she suffers from allergies, needs to lead a healthy lifestyle, avoid stress, get sick less, not prescribe medications on her own, and be determined to give birth to a healthy child.
Svetlana Vavilonskaya
Obstetrician-gynecologist, Moscow State Medical University, department clinical pharmacology
Discussion
They tell me that for now I just need to drink activated carbon, and then Normospectrum, that the toxins can come out and everything will work out... I’ll try, I don’t want to harm the child with the pills.
06/16/2017 12:47:45, Olesya MorozovaI’m not prone to allergies at all, but apparently pregnancy took its toll :) and when I walked around with a baby bump last spring, I couldn’t stop sneezing and crying. It was especially hard when the fluff flew - my eyes, face, nose - everything itched terribly!
I was afraid to take the pills, even though the doctor said that pregnancy is not a contraindication for modern antihistamines. But she still took pity on me and prescribed rinsing my nose with sea water. I used Aqualor, although others may help just as much. The water removed the swelling perfectly, and then I began to itch less.
Good article, nothing to say. This is not possible, and this is not possible. What's the point if Claritin is generally a very weak medicine? Serious allergies are not relieved by claritin, unfortunately.
Comment on the article "Allergies in pregnant women"
During my first pregnancy, I didn’t think about it at all from this point of view, the allergies hit me just then. I tried to plan my second pregnancy so that the flowering season would pass, but you can’t guess. As a result, just the last month before the maternity leave came...
Discussion
I am an allergy sufferer (household, seasonal and food allergies, in short - year-round),
during exacerbations, I took children's fenistil; when it didn't help, I took Zyrtec or fencarol. Xymelin nasal spray for children.
In many literature they write that the old generation drugs (suprastin, tavegil) are harmless for pregnant women, but I didn’t take any risks, doctors still have different opinions on this matter. at least there is no evidence that anyone was seriously harmed. During my first pregnancy, I didn’t think about it at all from this point of view, the allergy struck me just when I was already on maternity leave, and like a “decent” pregnant woman, I followed the advice to walk more in the fresh air and sniffed petunias in the nearest park until I was stupefied as a result (it would be better at home was sitting). I washed my nose with a salty solution from an enema (it’s easier now - all sorts of aquamaris are sold), always washed my hair before going to bed (allergens accumulate in the hair and as a result you continue to breathe them at night), change pillowcases more often, plus a pack of charcoal for the night. I tried to plan my second pregnancy so that the flowering season would pass, but you can’t guess. As a result, just the last month before the maternity leave I suffered from allergies, not only was everything blooming, plus at work in August it was traditionally repairs - I sniffed paint and varnish 8 hours a day. But surprisingly special manifestations there was no allergy. By the way, they later advised me in advance (2-3 months in advance) that I should have started allergokor (this is homeo) and drink it throughout the flowering season. I don’t know how effective it is; I couldn’t try it.
Sex during pregnancy: first, second and third trimester. In what trimester should you take vitamins? genetics. then the first trimester is very careful, and in the second and third you can relax a little (not a topic for debate. This happens to many people, in mine...
Allergies and anti-allergy. Medical issues. Pregnancy and childbirth. Allergies and anti-allergy. I have in recent years Allergies to cats are on the rise, unfortunately. It’s the first trimester now - but now, thank God, nothing flies except snowflakes, and I’m in this...
Discussion
1. What is the deadline? If you are in the 2nd-3rd trimester, then you can take almost any antihistamines, but not a lot and not often. It is better to use newer drugs: Erius, Xyzal, Zyrtec
2. Local remedies- Allergodil - Aeroplanka spelled it correctly, Nasonex - also possible
3. If you go to visit “cats”, it is better to take some measures in advance, before symptoms appear. Allergy is such a thing that if it starts, you can’t stop it, but take an Erius tablet when entering the apartment - and, lo and behold, it will work out)))
Unfortunately, there are no special medications for pregnant and lactating women (((
Unfortunately, only the complete absence of cats can save you from an allergy to cats;((((((
Neither Suprastin nor any other pills help me (in any case, they don’t help quickly and significantly). I’m saving myself with Allergodil - it’s a spray in the nose, it works instantly, and when there are tears coming out of the eyes and a hail of snot from the nose, then quickly - this is very important. Allergodil has no direct contraindications during pregnancy, but it is not recommended either, so you can use it, but be careful;)
Here, from the instructions:
Despite the fact that when testing doses many times higher than the therapeutic range, no evidence of teratogenic effects was obtained, the use of a nasal spray in the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as during lactation, is not recommended.
The period is still short (1st trimester), but the second night I suffered from attacks, yesterday I still used Berotek, I read it in the morning. I used Berotek in the first trimester, I had a terrible allergy with asthmatic attacks in the first trimester.
Allergy treatment and pregnancy. Medical issues. Pregnancy planning. Allergy treatment and pregnancy. Good afternoon My wife and I are planning to have a child. The problem is that my wife is allergic to wormwood pollen (begins at the end of July).
Discussion
It’s unlikely that anyone here will give you any advice! You need to ask your attending allergist (what medications? how much to take? what side effects do they have? when to plan after taking them: if strong, then from three to six months, you will probably need to use protection before planning, if not, then It’s possible that your doctor will give you permission in the next cycle after taking the pills. It depends on the drug, we don’t know what your wife is taking, what the functions are, the timing of elimination from the body and contraindications to the drug)...
Start planning when your wife feels well, no need to rush: it will pass active phase allergies (July), gain strength and vitamins in August and start planning :) Maybe you will have time to conceive and carry to term until next July. It’s just that pregnancy is also a kind of load on a woman’s body, and the body should be more or less healthy, but during periods of exacerbation of allergies, the state of health is terrible (judging by my husband), and the immune system drops. Good luck:)
Allergies in pregnant women. Most "popular" antihistamines Sex during pregnancy: first, second and third trimester. So, in the first trimester of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks), when the formation of internal organs intensively occurs...
Allergies tormented me. Ailments, diseases, toxicosis. Pregnancy and childbirth. I was tormented by diathesis. Allergy. Then again during the first pregnancy (with my son, maybe that’s why he developed more eczema). Select your pregnancy week or trimester.
Discussion
During the smog, I started having allergic asthma: they even called an ambulance. There was nothing like this before pregnancy. The doctors did not advise me anything specific, I relieve attacks with claritin and contrast shower. Now I’ll take this seriously after the baby is born. The most annoying thing is that the smog seems to be gone, but the attacks continue...
Don't go to places where there are animals, no matter how stupid it sounds.
I started developing an allergy to animals after treatment with cheap antibiotics, and the saddest thing is that it is progressing. I know all your feelings very well. I'm suffering so much myself. Unfortunately, pregnant women cannot take the pills.
The only thing that the allergist advised me when I had to go to where the dog was was Kromoglin drops in the nose and Hi Krom in the eyes. But this is clearly not worth abusing. Besides, you shouldn’t prescribe anything to yourself. Go to an allergist, he may be able to advise you, although for an accurate diagnosis you need to take samples, but this is also not recommended for pregnant women.
Pregnancy affects all processes in a woman’s body. The changes also affect the immune system, which can lead to malfunctions and immunosuppression. Against this background, the risk of developing new and relapse of existing allergies increases in expectant mother. Allergies during pregnancy occur in 30% of women.
Features of allergies during pregnancy
Allergic diseases rarely appear in women who are in interesting position, for the first time. By this time, many expectant mothers are already aware of “their” intolerance to certain allergens and the symptoms that the disease causes, but there are exceptions. Pregnancy can be a specific catalyst that may worsen the problem.
The expectant mother's immunity works with redoubled force, so he can react unpredictably to any allergen. So, what allergens should you be wary of during pregnancy?
The main allergens include:
- dust;
- plant pollen and ragweed;
- pet hair;
- medications;
- certain food products, often chemical additives;
- ingredients of some cosmetics;
- cold;
- sunlight.
There are also predisposing factors that increase the risk of an allergic reaction:
- chronic stress;
- weakened immune defense;
- uncontrolled treatment with various medications;
- frequent contact with household chemicals;
- wearing synthetic clothing;
- abuse of cosmetics;
- non-compliance with recommendations for proper nutrition;
- excessive consumption of foods that are potential allergens;
Types of allergies during pregnancy
Allergies during pregnancy are of the following types:
- Allergic rhinitis. It occurs with copious nasal discharge, constant sneezing and itching, and nasal congestion. A runny nose can be caused by seasonal flowering plants, particles of pet hair, and house dust. Also, the cause of such rhinitis is sometimes toxicosis of pregnant women.
- Allergic conjunctivitis. Manifested by profuse lacrimation, photophobia, and corneal hyperemia. Rhinitis and conjunctivitis are usually combined with each other, that is, they are diagnosed at the same time. The causes will generally be the same as for allergic rhinitis.
- Urticaria, dermatitis. The disease is characterized by rashes on the skin, redness and swelling of the skin, and painful itching. The external picture of the pathology resembles a nettle burn. Typically, the reaction occurs locally, at the site of contact with a potential allergen. For example, an allergy to the face during pregnancy is often the result of intolerance to one or another cosmetic.
- Quincke's edema. The pathology affects the eyelids, lips, tongue and upper respiratory tract. The disease develops rapidly and suddenly. The greatest risk is swelling of the larynx and trachea, which may result in injury respiratory function. Sometimes Quincke's edema affects the tissues of the joints, causing them painful sensations and impaired mobility and digestive organs, as a result of which a woman may complain of abdominal pain and signs of intestinal obstruction.
- Anaphylactic shock. The most severe form of allergy, which occurs with a change in consciousness and a drop in blood pressure. In the absence of appropriate help, a woman may die. Anaphylactic shock develops within an hour after encountering an allergen. Provocateurs this state may be plant pollen, medicines and cosmetics.
Effect of allergies on the fetus
Any changes in well-being worry the expectant mother. Especially when it comes to your first pregnancy. If before pregnancy, a woman could purchase any drug at the pharmacy to treat allergy symptoms, now she has to think about the health of the fetus and how this or that drug will affect its development. This means that allergy pills during pregnancy must be prescribed by a specialist.
The allergic disease itself cannot affect the fetus. Irritating agents cannot penetrate the placental barrier to the unborn baby. They may have an effect in the future, when the newborn child sooner or later develops intolerance to the same allergens as the mother.
It turns out that allergies are dangerous because they can be inherited. However, this does not happen in all cases. Sometimes the father's genes take over.
You can take a more detailed look at the situation and what effect allergies during pregnancy have on the fetus by trimester in the table.
| Trimester of pregnancy | Effect on the fetus |
|---|---|
| First trimester | The placenta is not formed, so it cannot protect the unborn child. During this period, the fetus begins to lay down and actively develop all its organs and systems. There is a high probability of developmental anomalies due to the pathogenetic effects of medications taken by the expectant mother. |
| Second trimester | The placental barrier is already fully formed, so the unborn baby is well protected from irritating factors and most medications. The only dangers are those antiallergic drugs that are contraindicated during pregnancy. |
| Third trimester | Allergens do not penetrate to the fetus; it is still reliably protected by the placenta until birth. But the poor health of the mother against the background of allergy complications can have a negative impact on the unborn child. |
It is most dangerous to treat allergies during pregnancy on your own.
Most medications sold in pharmacies can adversely affect a non-developing fetus with the risk of developing abnormalities of the nervous and cardiovascular system, as well as a negative effect on the pregnant body. When using medications that are not recommended for the expectant mother, normal blood flow in the placenta is often disrupted. And this already threatens the life of the fetus due to a lack of oxygen and nutrition.Also, allergies during pregnancy can cause health complications for a woman. Banal allergic rhinitis can cause attacks of bronchial asthma and anaphylactic shock, which impair normal breathing. Oxygen deficiency can trigger the development of fetal hypoxia. The same thing happens when a woman has a runny nose, weakness, or cough - the unborn baby feels all the changes in her body and they affect its development.
What to do if allergy symptoms appear?
It is important to consider that an allergic reaction in pregnant women is sometimes a completely normal response of the immune system, as a sign of intolerance to a new product or chemical substance. For example, a woman bought a face cream that she had not used before. In this case, the body may react inadequately to a component included in the cream that was unfamiliar to it before. The result is a minor allergy that goes away quite quickly without any intervention.
The situation is more complicated with symptoms that have arisen before and appear during pregnancy in a woman’s body. This case requires the following actions:
- Contact an allergist. If allergy symptoms appear, first of all, you need to find out their original source and diagnose the problem. The specialist prescribes to the woman diagnostic measures- usually these are skin tests or blood tests for allergies.
- Start treatment on time. Allergies that arise while carrying a baby are complicated by the fact that you can not take all medications that are sold in pharmacies. Only a specialist can prescribe treatment for allergies during pregnancy, who decides which medications will be safe for the expectant mother and her child.
- Avoid contact with known allergens.
- Avoid eating potentially allergenic foods such as chocolate, citrus fruits, etc.
- For face and body care, choose only natural cosmetics.
- Limit contact with household chemicals as much as possible.
Diagnostics
Diagnostic measures include:
- blood test to determine the total titer of immunoglobulin E and antibodies to allergens;
- skin allergy tests;
- studying the medical history;
- recording data in a food diary if a food allergy is suspected during pregnancy.
How to treat allergies?
Helps reduce the risk of developing the disease preventive measures. It is not advisable for the expectant mother to come into contact with synthetic detergents, potentially edible allergenic products, use cosmetics to a minimum. Also, to prevent the development of allergies, a woman should avoid stress factors, both mental and physical.
Often it is nervousness and emotional distress that affect pregnancy, causing skin rashes.
If you fail to protect yourself from an allergy, you should seek medical attention at its primary manifestations. medical assistance. Only doctor based comprehensive examination can accurately determine the causes of the disease, the specific irritant and tell how to treat allergies.
Allergy to early stages pregnancy develops most often, but the use of medications at this stage is extremely undesirable. If a woman experiences allergic reactions for pollen, if possible you should stay at home and put on your clothes before going outside. sunglasses and a medical mask, thoroughly wash your wardrobe items and wash your shoes after a walk.
Treatment of allergic rhinitis. Nasal sprays and drops prescribed for the treatment of common rhinitis improve well-being and allergic rhinitis. The best drugs against allergies for expectant mothers - natural remedies based on sea water. These can be Aqua Maris drops, Dolphin spray, Aqualor, etc. The listed drugs cleanse the nasal cavity, washing out allergens from the mucous membrane, and normalize nasal breathing without causing harm to the unborn child.
In addition to the listed medications, pregnant women can use the following allergy medications for allergic rhinitis:
- Pinosol drops of natural origin, which contain eucalyptus and mint oils: the drug softens the nasal mucosa, helps relieve swelling, which improves the health of allergies;
- Prevalin spray - this medicine forms an invisible film on the nasal mucosa, neutralizing the effect of allergens;
- Salin drops - the drug is based on sodium chloride, its main effect is safe cleansing nasal cavity from potential irritants.
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Innox drops, which contain only natural ingredients, are suitable for instillation into the eyes.
Treatment of itching, skin rashes, peeling. Allergy ointment during pregnancy helps get rid of skin reactions - rashes, dermatitis. It will be safest for expectant mothers zinc ointment, which dries the skin, successfully relieving inflammation and external manifestations allergies. An alternative to zinc ointment can be Tsindol, which is based on zinc oxide.
Ointments and creams with extracts are also effective against skin allergic reactions medicinal plants. For example, ointment containing calendula, chamomile, celandine, etc. You can buy them at the pharmacy.
If we are talking about atopic dermatitis, then Physiogel has proven itself well. It is applied to areas of the skin damaged by inflammation and scratching. thin layer. The product moisturizes the skin well, promoting its regeneration. It can be used on the face as an allergy cream during pregnancy.
Treatment of food and drug allergies. The main treatment for these conditions, which has a positive effect on the well-being of the expectant mother, is to cleanse the body. Typically this type of allergy occurs with clinical signs hives and other rashes. Therefore, the first thing to do is to eliminate the potential irritant from consumption, and then cleanse the body with the help of drugs such as Enterosgel and Laktofiltrum.
In case of a severe allergic reaction, if skin allergy accompanied by severe itching and discomfort, you can drink double the dosage of any sorbent ( Activated carbon etc.). The amount of the drug depends on the weight of the expectant mother: 1 tablet is designed for 5 kg of body weight.
Antihistamines during pregnancy
This point needs to be considered separately, since taking medications In case of allergies during pregnancy, it is important to use great caution and with the permission of the attending physician. The allergist studies the patient’s medical history, conducts appropriate diagnostics and examination, and, if necessary (if the means of prevention and the above methods of treating allergic diseases do not help), prescribes antihistamines, provided that the potential risk of complications for developing fetus not higher than the expected benefit from treatment.
All drops and tablets that have antihistamine effect, it is highly undesirable to use it to treat allergies in the first 12 weeks of gestation. As for the second and third trimester, there are no such serious restrictions; antiallergic drugs are prescribed much more often.
It is important to take into account that not a single antihistamine used during pregnancy can provide 100% guarantees of safety in relation to the unborn child, even if it is taken under the supervision of a doctor. There is still a risk.
The following table will discuss the problem of choosing drugs for the treatment of allergies by trimester.
| Trimester | Choice of treatment |
|---|---|
| First trimester | Any antihistamines are prohibited, as there is a high risk of developing pregnancy complications and abnormal development of organs and systems in the fetus. What to do if allergies during pregnancy occur in the first trimester? It is necessary to limit ourselves to preventive measures and carry out treatment using safe means:
|
| Second trimester | Treatment in the second trimester has more expanded boundaries, since the placental barrier protects the fetus from negative influence medicines has already been formed. How to treat if an allergy occurs during pregnancy at this stage:
|
| Third trimester | A problem such as allergies can be solved much easier in the third trimester than in other stages of pregnancy. A woman is prescribed new generation antihistamines characterized by increased level security. These may be Fenistil, Zyrtec, Fexadin and other drugs.
|
Prohibited during pregnancy
Not all antihistamines can be taken for allergies, since many of them can harm the mother and the unborn child. Let's list them:
- Diphenhydramine - provokes increased excitability, the myometrium can cause tone and premature contractions uterus, resulting in spontaneous abortion or premature birth;
- Pipolfen - has a poisonous effect, destroying the fetus with toxic substances;
- Astemizole - like Pipolfen, kills the unborn child in the womb with toxins;
- Terfenadine - may cause fetal weight loss;
- Suprastin is prescribed in exceptional cases when it comes to saving the woman herself.
Allergy prevention
To prevent allergies from taking you by surprise during pregnancy, the expectant mother should adhere to the following tips on prevention (especially for women who are already familiar with allergies).
1. Proper nutrition. It is important to eat exclusively high-quality and natural products. It is advisable to exclude all potential allergens from your diet, for example: strawberries, chocolate, citrus and much more. You shouldn't try new cuisine and change your taste habits. Pregnancy is not the time for experiments.
2. Healthy image life. Adequate sleep, walks in the fresh air, and avoidance of bad habits, including second-hand tobacco smoking, are essential aspects of the healthy development of the unborn baby.
3. Self-care. Cosmetics and body care products during pregnancy must be selected especially carefully, as they can cause an intolerance reaction in the expectant mother. Preference should be given to hypoallergenic products. The same goes for fabrics. The materials that surround the expectant mother, for example, from which her clothes are made, must be natural.
When planning a pregnancy or when it occurs, you should visit an allergist to find out what medications he recommends. Every expectant mother's medicine cabinet should contain medications that have minimal side effects on the fetus. This option is much better than not knowing what medication is available for an allergy if it occurs suddenly. An antihistamine taken in time can save the life of the expectant mother and fetus.
At the end of the article, I would like to note that allergies and pregnancy can be a dangerous combination if treatment is ineffective and untimely. But you should not self-medicate, as this can be dangerous for the unborn child. Any medications must be prescribed by a specialist.
There are several reasons for this. These include hormonal changes in the body, and the reaction to the tissues and waste products of the fetus, and the seasonal factor is also added.
Fearing harmful effects on the fetus, women try to avoid taking extra pills. But at the same time they experience discomfort from allergies: difficulty breathing or itching interfere good rest and relaxation. What pills can you take during pregnancy?
A huge number of people face allergies. Men and women of any age are affected; children are highly susceptible to allergic reactions. Therefore, research in this area and the development of new drugs is very active.
Allergy medications, which require multiple doses and cause drowsiness, are being replaced by new generation formulas - with prolonged action and minimal side effects.
Vitamin preparations for allergies
Do not forget that not only antihistamines, but also some vitamins can help. And pregnant women usually have a more trusting attitude towards them.
- vitamin C can effectively prevent anaphylactic reactions and reduce the incidence of respiratory allergies;
- vitamin B12 is recognized as a powerful natural antihistamine, helps in the treatment of dermatoses and asthma;
- pantothenic acid (vit. B5) will help combat seasonal allergic rhinitis and reaction to household dust;
- Nicotinamide (Vit. PP) relieves attacks spring allergies to plant pollen.
Traditional antihistamines: allergy tablets
Newly emerging drugs are effective and do not cause drowsiness. However, many doctors try to prescribe more traditional remedies to pregnant women.
For medications that have been on the market for 15-20 or more years, enough statistical data has been collected to talk about their safety or negative impact on the health of the fetus.
Suprastin
The drug has been known for a long time and is effective in various manifestations allergies, it is allowed for both adults and children, and therefore is also allowed for use during pregnancy.
In the first trimester, when the fetal organs are forming, this and other drugs should be taken with extreme caution, only if absolutely necessary. During the rest of the period, suprastin is allowed.
Advantages of the drug:
- low price;
- performance;
- efficiency at different types allergies.
Flaws:
- causes drowsiness (for this reason it is prescribed with caution in last weeks before birth);
- causes dry mouth (sometimes dryness of the mucous membranes of the eyes).
Diazolin
This drug does not have the same speed of action as suprastin, but it effectively relieves the manifestation of chronic allergic reactions.
It does not cause drowsiness, so there are restrictions on use only in the first 2 months of pregnancy; during the rest of the period the medicine is allowed for use.
Advantages of the drug:
- affordable price;
- wide spectrum of action.
Flaws:
- short-term effect (requires taking 3 times a day).
Cetirizine
Refers to new generation drugs. It can be produced under different names: Cetirizine, Zodak, Allertek, Zirtec, etc. According to the instructions, cetirizine is prohibited for use during pregnancy and lactation.
Due to the novelty of the drug, there is not enough data on its safety. But, nevertheless, it is prescribed to pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester in situations where the benefits of taking it significantly outweigh the risk of side effects.
Advantages of the drug:
- wide spectrum of action;
- performance;
- does not cause drowsiness (except for individual reactions);
- dose 1 time per day
Flaws:
- price (depending on the manufacturer);
Claritin
The active ingredient is loratadine. The drug can be produced under different names: Loratadine, Claritin, Clarotadine, Lomilan, Lotharen, etc.
The same as cetirizine, the effect of loratadine on the fetus has not yet been sufficiently studied due to the novelty of the drug.
But studies conducted in America on animals showed that the use of loratadine or cetirizine does not increase the number of fetal development pathologies.
Advantages of the drug:
- wide spectrum of action;
- performance;
- does not cause drowsiness;
- dose 1 time per day;
- affordable price.
Flaws:
- Use with caution during pregnancy.
Fexadine
Refers to new generation drugs. Produced in different countries under different names: Fexadin, Telfast, Fexofast, Allegra, Telfadin. You can also find a Russian analogue - Gifast.
In studies on pregnant animals, fexadine showed side effects when long-term use V large doses(increased mortality due to low fetal weight).
However, when prescribed to pregnant women, no such dependence was identified.
During pregnancy, the drug is prescribed for a limited period and only if other medications are ineffective.
Advantages of the drug:
- wide spectrum of action
- performance
- reception 1 time per day.
Flaws:
- prescribed with caution during pregnancy;
- effectiveness decreases with long-term use.
The drug in capsule form is currently not available on Russian market. Pharmacies have drops for oral administration and gels for external use.
The drug is approved for use in children infancy, and therefore is often prescribed to pregnant women.
Gel for local treatment can be used without fear, it is practically not absorbed and does not enter the bloodstream. Fenistil is part of antiherpetic emulsions.
Advantages of the drug:
- safe even for infants;
- average price range.
Flaws:
- not very wide spectrum of action;
- limited release forms;
- Possible adverse reactions.
These drugs vary in price and form of release (tablets for daily use, injectable drugs for emergency cases, gels and ointments for local application, drops and syrups for children)
| Drug name | Release form, dosage | Volume/quantity | Price, rub. |
| Suprastin | Tablets 25 mg | 20 pcs | 150 |
| Solution for injection | 5 ampoules of 1 ml | 150 | |
| Diazolin | Dragee 50/100 mg | 10 pcs | 40/90 |
| Cetirizine | Cetirizine Hexal tab. 10 mg | 10 pcs | 70 |
| Cetirizine Hexal drops | 20 ml | 250 | |
| Zyrtec tab. 10 mg | 7 pcs | 220 | |
| Zyrtec drops | 10 ml | 330 | |
| Zodak tab. 10 mg | 30 pcs | 260 | |
| Zodak drops | 20 ml | 210 | |
| Claritin | Loratadine tab. 10 mg | 10 pcs | 110 |
| Claritin tab. 10 mg | 10 pcs/30 pcs | 220/570 | |
| Claritin syrup | 60ml/120 ml | 250/350 | |
| Clarotadine tablet 10 mg | 10pcs/30 pcs | 120/330 | |
| Clarotadine syrup | 100 ml | 140 | |
| Fexadine | Fexadin tablet 120 mg | 10 pcs | 230 |
| Fexadin tab. 180 mg | 10 pcs | 350 | |
| Telfast tab. 120 mg | 10 pcs | 445 | |
| Telfast tab. 180 mg | 10 pcs | 630 | |
| Fexofast tab. 180 mg | 10 pcs | 250 | |
| Allegra tab. 120 mg | 10 pcs | 520 | |
| Allegra tab. 180 mg | 10 pcs | 950 | |
| Drops | 20 ml | 350 | |
| Gel (external) | 30g/50g | 350/450 | |
| Emulsion (external) | 8 ml | 360 |
Antihistamines with side effects on the fetus
Previously used antihistamines had a significant sedative effect, some also have a muscle relaxant effect. In some cases, it has been useful in the treatment of allergies and even, but the effect on the fetus can be extremely negative.
Antihistamines are not prescribed before birth to keep the newborn active.
It will be difficult for a lethargic and “sleepy” child to take his first breath, this threatens aspiration, possible pneumonia in the future.
The intrauterine influence of these drugs can manifest itself as fetal malnutrition, which will also affect the activity of the newborn baby.
- Diphenhydramine
may cause contractions ahead of schedule
- Tavegil
has a negative effect on fetal development
- Pipolfen
- Astemizole (Gistalong)
affects liver function, heart rate, has a toxic effect on the fetus
To avoid harmful effects on the fetus, antihistamines are not recommended for pregnant women during the first trimester. During this crucial period, when all the organs of the unborn child are being formed, the placenta has not yet formed and substances entering the mother’s blood can affect the health of the fetus.
During this period, medications are used only if the mother’s life is threatened. In the second and third trimester, the risk is lower, so the list of acceptable drugs can be expanded.
However, in any case, preference is given to local and symptomatic treatment, antihistamine tablets prescribed in small doses and for a limited period.
Maria Sokolova
Reading time: 11 minutes
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According to statistics, more than a quarter of the world's population suffers from allergies. In megacities, more than fifty percent of residents are familiar with this disease. Allergens include viruses, dust, bird feathers, insect secretions, medicines and cosmetics, food and animal hair, synthetics, etc. Allergy sufferers do not need to be told about the symptoms of the disease - they know about them firsthand.
But how can expectant mothers treat allergies? Can I take regular medications? How to avoid harming your unborn child?
Why do pregnant women have allergies?
Over the past few decades, the number of people with allergies has tripled. Reasons:
With this disease, damage to one's own tissue occurs as a result of defensive reaction body to a stimulus. In twenty percent of all cases, allergies occur in expectant mothers between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three, twenty-five years.
How do allergies manifest themselves in expectant mothers?
The most common manifestations of allergies in expectant mothers are:
- Allergic rhinitis: swelling of the nasal mucosa, difficulty breathing, burning in the throat, sneezing, runny nose.
- Hives: swelling of the gastrointestinal mucosa, swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes and skin, suffocation due to swelling of the larynx, cough; nausea and abdominal pain, vomiting - with swelling of the gastrointestinal tract.
Can allergies affect the unborn child?
This question worries many expectant mothers. Doctors rush to reassure: the baby is not at risk of allergies. But it is worth remembering the influence of other factors on the fetus. These include:
- Negative effects of drugs , which have to be taken, on the blood supply to the fetus.
- General health of the mother.
When it comes to preventing allergies in your unborn baby, doctors are unanimous - pay close attention to your diet.
The best methods for treating allergies in expectant mothers
What is the main goal of treatment? To quickly and effectively eliminate allergy symptoms without risk to the child. It is clear that self-administration of medications without the knowledge of a doctor is strictly contraindicated. In addition, most antihistamines are prohibited during pregnancy.
Allergy medications. What can and cannot be done for pregnant women?
- Diphenhydramine.
Taking a dosage of more than 50 mg can cause uterine contractions. - Terfenadine.
Causes weight loss in newborns. - Astemizole.
Has a toxic effect on the fetus. - Suprastin.
Treatment of acute allergic reactions only. - Claritin, Fexadine.
Acceptable only in cases where the effectiveness of the treatment outweighs the risk to the child. - Tavegil.
Allowed only if there is a threat to the life of the expectant mother. - Pipolfen.
Prohibited during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Even if the allergic reaction turns out to be short-lived, you should consult a doctor . Today, special examinations are carried out to identify allergens, on the basis of which the specialist makes a decision on this or that treatment.
Most pregnant women monitor their health. The slightest disruptions in the functioning of the body are alarming. What can we say about allergic reactions, which are noted in a fifth of expectant mothers!
How dangerous are allergies during pregnancy? What can you drink and take for allergies during pregnancy? How to get rid of negative phenomena? Useful tips recommended to all girls and women who take responsibility for their health.
Causes
Increased sensitivity of the body is a common phenomenon. Poor environment, poor quality food, and taking various medications cause disruptions in the functioning of the immune system. A person becomes defenseless against the influence of negative factors.
Main allergens:
- animal hair;
- house dust;
- medicines;
- some food products;
- components of cosmetics;
- plant pollen;
- sunlight.
There are enough factors that provoke allergies:
- frequent stress, weak immunity;
- uncontrolled use of medications;
- constant use of household chemicals, synthetic fabrics, cosmetics;
- violation of principles healthy eating, excessive consumption of foods that cause allergies;
- poor environment;
- the emergence of new dangerous allergens.
Main signs and symptoms
Allergic reactions during pregnancy are of the same nature as in other people. More often increased sensitivity observed in young women under 25 years of age.
Main features:
- conjunctivitis. Watery eyes, redness of the cornea, photophobia, and swelling of the eyelids appear. Often this symptom is combined with an allergic runny nose;
- rhinitis. Clear liquid is released from the nasal passages, the nose swells, and you often want to sneeze. Sometimes an infection is associated with a runny nose, polyps, sinusitis, and sinusitis may appear;
- urticaria, dermatitis. Local allergic reactions often appear in a small area, often on the hands of pregnant women. looks like blisters, a small pinkish-red rash that disappears without a trace after healing. often appears on the chest and back. The affected areas turn red, swell, and there is a burning sensation and itching.
Sometimes expectant mothers are diagnosed severe forms allergies:
- generalized urticaria. Abundant rashes cover the entire body, swelling and blisters are noted. The reason is hormonal changes. Most often, this type of urticaria has chronic course, appears in the second and third trimester of pregnancy;
- This dangerous phenomenon develops with allergic reactions on the face. The soft tissues of the face, neck, and nearby organs swell. Swelling of the mucous membranes of the mouth, larynx, and trachea often occurs. Wheezing appears and breathing becomes difficult. Without urgent help possible death from asphyxia;
- anaphylactic shock. The most dangerous reaction to the action of the allergen. Pressure drops sharply, bronchospasm develops, blood accumulates in venous system. In the lightning form, a person loses consciousness. Need urgent Care, hospitalization, otherwise there is a high risk of death.
Possible consequences
The main question that worries pregnant women suffering from allergies is: “Are the baby’s developmental defects possible?” The answer depends on several factors.
Allergies during pregnancy, effects on the fetus:
- first trimester. The placenta is not fully formed; there is no reliable barrier between the body of the mother and the fetus. During this period there is active formation tissues and organs of the fetus. There is a high risk of disorders under the influence of medications that a woman takes for allergies;
- second, third trimester. The placenta is formed, it takes the main blow, neutralizes the effect of irritants. Allergens cannot penetrate to the fetus, there is no negative impact. The danger for the baby comes from some antihistamines, which are used to treat allergies.
Important! The course of pregnancy and the condition of the fetus can be affected by nervousness, irritability, Bad mood- constant companions of allergic reactions. Minimize contact with irritants - and you will maintain nervous and physical health.
Measure seven times and cut once. All expectant mothers need to remember these words before taking any medications. Uncontrolled use of medications, the desire to quickly get rid of itching or rash is dangerous for the baby.
What to do:
- At the first sign of an allergy, visit a doctor. Serious cases - angioedema, generalized urticaria, anaphylactic shock require immediate call"ambulance";
- Follow all doctor’s recommendations and do not self-medicate. Unauthorized intake or use of medications folk recipes Without consulting a doctor, it is dangerous for your baby. Serious consequences are possible, including premature birth or natural termination of pregnancy;
- Always read the instructions before starting treatment. If you have the slightest doubt, temporarily stop taking the drug and check whether the medicine is actually approved for pregnant women. Any annotation contains a clause about the effect on the fetus. Do not hesitate to ask questions to your gynecologist, allergist or pharmacist at the pharmacy.
Medications
Consult an allergist. Usually the doctor prescribes topical medications and allergy pills.
- ointments, creams with herbal extracts, zinc oxide. The compositions dry the skin, reduce itching, relieve inflammation;
- nasal sprays, drops. Medicines relieve nasal congestion. Doctors often recommend children's vasoconstrictor nasal drops. The drugs contain a safe dosage of active substances.
Tablets, medications and products for allergies during pregnancy are prescribed carefully, taking into account the benefits for the mother and the effect on the fetus. Pay attention to the peculiarities of the action of some drugs: 
- Claritin, Suprastin can be used only in severe conditions, when there is an urgent need to save the mother. In the first trimester, these drugs are prohibited for use;
- Terfenadine for frequent use causes insufficient body weight in the fetus;
- Pregnant women should not use Tavegil;
- Diphenhydramine. Taking the drug in the third trimester is dangerous due to the possibility of premature birth. Remember: the medicine increases the tone of the uterus;
- Pheniramine. Allowed for use only in the second trimester;
- Pilpofen and Astemizole poison the fetus with toxic compounds. During lactation, these drugs are also not recommended;
- Allertek. Suitable for reception at medium and later pregnancy. You need to consult a doctor;
- Zyrtec is the most safe remedy. It is imperative to adhere to the dosage and frequency of administration. Unauthorized use is prohibited.
Take note:
- When planning a pregnancy or in the very early stages, find out from your allergist what remedies he recommends. The first aid kit should always contain an antihistamine that has minimal impact on the health of the fetus;
- this option is better than no allergy pills, especially in the case lightning-fast forms development of negative reactions. The life of the woman and the fetus depends on timely administration of the drug in severe cases.
Folk remedies and recipes
The safest methods of combating allergies are the use of decoctions medicinal herbs, homemade ointments, compresses, lotions. Be sure to consult your doctor. You should not use folk remedies without his permission.
Folk remedies for allergies during pregnancy. Proven recipes:
- Kalanchoe juice. Squeeze fresh juice, dilute with three times the amount of water. Apply compresses daily for rashes, burning, itching;
- potato juice. The healing liquid reduces inflammation, reduces itching, and refreshes the skin. Grate the potatoes and squeeze out the juice. Use the method for about a month;
- rosehip oil extract. Natural remedy will help with allergic dermatitis;
- oak bark Brew the raw materials, proportions: liter of water – 1 tbsp. l. bark. Boil for 15 minutes. Strain the cooled broth, use for lotions, dousing areas covered with an allergic rash;
- celery juice Natural remedy helps with hives. Grate the root and squeeze out the juice. Drink ½ tsp daily. 30 minutes before meals in the morning, afternoon, evening;
- baking soda solution. Helps with hand irritation household chemicals. Dissolve 1 tsp. baking soda in a liter of warm water, make a hand bath for a quarter of an hour. Then smear your brushes thickly olive oil, wear cotton gloves or wrap your hands soft cloth. After 10 minutes, blot off any remaining oil;
- decoction of fir cones. Chop young spruce buds and cones, take 2 tbsp. l. aromatic raw materials. Pour a liter of milk and simmer in a water bath for 20–25 minutes. Strain, drink after each meal 200 g of decoction, no more three times per day.
You can also find out about other types of allergies on our website. For example, it is written about food allergies in children; for adults - page. Read about ragweed allergies; about allergies to house dust - address.
Preventive measures
You already know how to treat allergies in expectant mothers. The main rule is to coordinate all actions with your doctor.
How to prevent allergic reactions during pregnancy? Listen to the recommendations:
- give up “dangerous” foods: citrus fruits, chocolate, honey, nuts, cream, coffee. Do not eat canned food, vegetables, red fruits, seafood;
- use household chemicals as little as possible;
- buy hypoallergenic cosmetics;
- Avoid purchasing pets, especially fish. Dry food often causes coughing, sneezing, and watery eyes;
- If you are allergic to ragweed during pregnancy, then avoid places where it accumulates. Avoid alder and poplar trees during flowering. If possible, leave the city for the summer;
- do not bring home bouquets, especially those composed of flowers with a strong aroma, such as lilies;
- During the pollen period, hang gauze moistened with water on the windows. It is advisable to install an air conditioner;
- Clean your apartment regularly, beware of house dust;
- remove carpets, hang light curtains that do not accumulate dust. Be sure to wash them a couple of times a month;
- buy hypoallergenic pillows and blankets with padding polyester. Feathers and down in pillows are prohibited;
- remove unnecessary objects that can accumulate dust: figurines, soft toys, books;
- Trust your loved ones to clean the carpets or empty the vacuum cleaner bag.
A few more tips:
- change bedding more often, use hypoallergenic powders. Suitable compositions for washing children's clothing;
- walk more in the air, sleep 7–8 hours, worry less;
- refuse synthetics, especially in underwear;
- take medications and herbal infusions only after consulting a doctor. Uncontrolled use of drugs can cause serious consequences for a tiny organism.
Information about allergies during pregnancy will help you avoid unpleasant consequences. Now you know what to do if allergic reactions occur. Remember about preventive measures. At the first symptoms of an allergy, seek medical help.
From the following video you can learn even more about allergies during pregnancy:
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