Over the years, changes occur in the human body and, of course, not for the better. The cardiovascular system wears out, the vessels narrow, losing their elasticity and patency, which leads to diseases such as atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension. Destruction small vessels reduces the activity of blood microcirculation, and suffering arterial vessels are the direct cause of atherosclerosis. To avoid these difficult-to-treat consequences, you need to know how to dilate blood vessels and restore normal blood circulation.

Symptoms of cerebral vasoconstriction

Unfortunately, in our time, such a phenomenon as narrowing of cerebral vessels occurs not only in older people, but also in fairly young people, and there are reasons for this. Eating unhealthy food, drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes - all this leads to clogged blood vessels. The symptoms of this disease can be noticed immediately, as they manifest themselves every day.

• The onset of the disease is frequent paroxysmal headaches.
• Dizziness and faintness.
• Noises in the ears.
• Memory impairment or loss.
• Increased fatigue.
• Decreased performance.

Once you feel these symptoms, you should not ignore them, otherwise they can lead to a stroke or heart attack. If such symptoms appear in an elderly person, the disease can lead to senile dementia.

Causes of vasoconstriction

There are many reasons for impaired conduction of blood vessels. In addition to possible congenital or infectious pathologies, they are created by modern life itself, full of stressful situations, with its rhythm, which often deprives people good rest, sleep and proper nutrition, drinking alcohol (which dilates blood vessels for a while and then greatly narrows them, causing irreparable harm) - and much more.

1. Increased mental and physical stress.
2. Stressful situations.
3. Overwork at work.
4. Nervous feelings.
5. Rare walks, and as a result - lack of fresh air.
6. A sedentary lifestyle, which means stagnant processes in the body.
7. Defective or poor nutrition- a large amount of high-calorie, fatty and fried foods. Lack of vegetables, seafood and fruits in the diet.
8. Smoking, excessive drinking of alcohol, especially beer, which, in addition, leads to hormonal imbalance and obesity.

Many of these reasons lead to an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood and its deposition on the walls of blood vessels. This makes the vessels less passable, they lose their former elasticity.

How to expand and strengthen the blood vessels of the head?

If signs of atherosclerosis appear, treatment will take a long time, possibly permanent. Several medical specialists deal with this problem, it all depends on the test results and the causes of the disease. What medications dilate the blood vessels of the brain, you need to know, of course, but using them without a doctor’s prescription is not recommended.

Video: doctor’s opinion on vasodilator drugs

Traditional methods for dilating blood vessels

Traditional healers, who have been collecting recipes for decades and passing them on from generation to generation, have their own methods for solving the problem of vasodilation. How can you dilate blood vessels at home? folk ways? Here are some recipes for natural basis, which are used to dilate blood vessels and cleanse cholesterol plaque.

Classic - garlic infusion

1. Chop 250 grams of garlic and place in a clean glass jar, pour 300 grams of alcohol into it, close the lid tightly and place in a cool, dark place for 10-12 days. Then take out the mixture, strain, and take according to the following scheme:
2. The first day - a drop of infusion in a third of a glass of milk, taken on an empty stomach, after taking it, do not have breakfast for forty minutes. Before lunch, 30 minutes - two drops, before dinner, also half an hour - three drops.
3. On the second day, take three times, increasing the dose by one drop at each time. This should be taken until the end of the sixth day, the last time taking fifteen drops.
4. Next, the tincture is taken according to the same scheme, but the drops are reduced, one at a time.
5. Having reached one drop, you need to take the tincture twenty-five drops at a time until it runs out, also washing it down with one-third of a glass of milk.

You can read more about healing blood vessels with garlic here.

Other effective recipes

• Dry and chop hazel bark and leaves. Tea is made from this mixture by brewing in the following proportion: one tablespoon of the mixture per glass of boiling water.
• Grind two tablespoons of valerian root and a glass of dill seeds, mix all this with two glasses of honey. Next, pour 1.5 liters of boiling water over the mixture, close the tincture in a thermos for 24 hours, then take one tablespoon 30 minutes before meals; you must consume the entire infusion.


• Pour a tablespoon of hornbeam flowers into a glass of boiling water, leave for 40-60 minutes. You need to take this infusion for forty days, half a glass three times a day.
• Hawthorn fruits (25-30 grams) pour 250 grams of boiling water(you can take the color of this plant, one tablespoon per glass of boiling water), leave for 40-45 minutes. Take one tablespoon three times a day before meals 30-35 minutes.

Products that dilate blood vessels

What products that dilate blood vessels can be mentioned, and what products are mistakenly considered to be vasodilators?

Collapse of misconceptions: what is not suitable for the treatment of blood vessels?

Products that heal

• Oatmeal + strawberries- this combination perfectly cleanses blood vessels of cholesterol and even treats inflammation in them, restoring their elasticity and strengthening.
• Red wine dilates blood vessels well, and white cleanses them of cholesterol. IN for preventive purposes You can alternate these drinks (red wine one day, then white), but drink no more than 100-150 grams per day.
• Well suited for cleansing and therefore dilating blood vessels. recipe with soda, it is simple and accessible. You need to dissolve half a teaspoon of soda in a glass of warm boiled water and drink it on an empty stomach. This procedure is carried out twice a week, with an interval of three days. On other days, you should start your morning with a decoction of tea from medicinal herbs. Attention! This recipe is not suitable for those with stomach ulcers or high acidity.

This is interesting: the interaction of alcohol and blood vessels

In order to avoid such serious consequences as a stroke or heart attack, it is better to play it safe and regularly carry out preventive cleaning of blood vessels, preventing cholesterol from depositing on their walls. These procedures are much easier to do than then treating an already diseased cardiovascular system for a long time, and perhaps until the end of life.

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Why is vasoconstriction dangerous?

But the factors listed above lead to a temporary narrowing of blood vessels, and after short time they return to normal. But there are a number of conditions that can cause long-term vasoconstriction. This can lead to a number of serious consequences.

With normal pressure created by the heart muscle, with narrowed blood vessels, the tissues receive too little oxygen and nutrients. To compensate for this, the heart is forced to work harder. Because of this, blood pressure increases, and the walls of blood vessels experience increased stress.

Constant vascular spasm is a prerequisite for the development of a huge number of diseases: severe headaches, high blood pressure, heart failure, heart attack and stroke.

Damage to the blood vessels of the brain is especially dangerous in this regard, since constantly narrowed blood vessels reduce the quality of its nutrition and impair its functioning, leading to impaired memory, attention, decreased performance, and so on.

Mechanisms of vasoconstriction

Any vessel is a hollow organ that consists of several layers. The outer layer provides its mechanical contraction and expansion. With its help, the body regulates body temperature, dilating blood vessels when overheated and constricting when cooling. But if this mechanism fails, chronic long-term vasospasm may develop.

One of the reasons for the disruption of the mechanism of constriction and dilation of blood vessels is age. How older man, the less elastic its vessels are.

But there is another mechanism for vasoconstriction - an increase in its inner surface plaques. Cholesterol and atherosclerotic plaques are deposited on it, which narrows the lumen of the vessel.

In some cases, vasoconstriction may be caused by several reasons, for example, an increase in cholesterol plaques and loss of elasticity of the walls of blood vessels.

In such cases, it is necessary to follow a set of measures that will help slow down the process of plaque growth, as well as loss of elasticity.

Drug vasodilation

Today there are many medications which can dilate blood vessels. Some of them are used urgently if it is necessary to relieve a spasm, while others are suitable for permanent use, but provide a long-term effect. The most commonly used are the following:

1. Nitroglycerine. This simple and affordable drug should be in the first aid kit of every “heart” patient, and people prone to angina attacks should have it with them at all times. It must be used for attacks of angina pectoris - pain in the heart against the background of physical or mental stress. One nitroglycerin tablet quickly relieves spasm and pain. But this drug is not effective for many diseases and conditions, such as heart attack and stroke.
2. Spasmalgon. Another short-acting drug. It cannot be taken on an ongoing basis, but if you need to relieve an attack of headache caused by vasoconstriction, then Spazmalgon is the optimal remedy.
3. Papaverine. An effective remedy against vasospasm, but it should only be taken under the guidance of a doctor.
4. Blockers calcium channels. This is one of the most common means of combating hypertension. Drugs in this group block receptors that are responsible for vasoconstriction, making the drug effective for the treatment of arterial hypertension.
5. Ginko Biloba. Preparations based on this plant are used to combat age-related changes blood vessels, as well as improving cerebral circulation.

This is only a part of the drugs to eliminate vascular spasms.

To combat vasoconstriction due to cholesterol deposits and atherosclerotic plaques use other drugs. There are many commercial forms and names, which the doctor must select in accordance with the diagnostic results.

Nutrition for vasodilation

Proper nutrition is one of the main factors for those who want to know how to dilate blood vessels at home. Without strict adherence to a number of rules, success will not be achieved. The following recommendations must be followed:

1. First of all, you need to reduce the amount of animal fats in your diet. I'll have to give up butter, pork and lamb, sausages, fatty cheeses and so on. Fermented milk products should be with a minimum amount of fat. You shouldn’t give up meat completely, but preference should be given to chicken, turkey, and lean veal.
2. Fish should be included in your daily diet. Fish oil not only does it not cause the formation of “bad” cholesterol, which forms plaques, but it also reduces its amount in the blood and “cleanses” the circulatory system. Fish can be boiled, baked, stewed, marinated. It is not advisable to fry it or use it in the form of canned food or preserves.
3. Fresh fruits, vegetables, leafy salads and greens should be in daily diet, regardless of the time of year. It is believed that you need to eat at least 5 servings per day, each approximately 200 grams.
4. It is best to exclude alcohol from the diet. It does dilate the blood vessels, but its effect is short-lived, after which they can narrow even more.

Cognac can be used as a vasodilator, but only in exceptional cases, for example, with severe stress or hypothermia, and no more than 40-50 milligrams.

Compliance with these simple tips will help reduce the rate of vascular overgrowth. But besides this, it will be useful to use numerous folk recipes for dilating blood vessels at home.

Folk remedies for vasodilation

Traditional medicine based on healing properties plants, there are dozens of ways to dilate blood vessels at home:

1. Garlic oil. This remedy is one of the most effective and versatile. The head of garlic should be mashed into a paste or finely chopped and placed in a glass jar, filled with a glass of unrefined vegetable oil. Leave the product in the refrigerator for at least a day. Then you need to drink one teaspoon of oil mixed with the same amount three times a day before meals. lemon juice. The duration of the course must be at least three months.
2. Hawthorn. This remedy strengthens blood vessels and relieves their spasm. 20 grams of hawthorn fruits need to be poured with 200 grams of boiling water and boiled for 5 minutes. Then the product is filtered and stored in the refrigerator, taking one tablespoon before meals. A similar composition can be prepared from hawthorn flowers, but take 1 tablespoon per glass of water. The duration of the course is 3 months.
3. Valerian. This plant is known for its calming properties, but it also relieves spasms and relaxes vascular muscles. To do this, you need to boil 10 grams of dry valerian roots in 200 grams of boiling water in a water bath for 30 minutes. Then the broth should be infused for another 2 hours, well wrapped. Afterwards, strain and store in the refrigerator. It is recommended to take the product one tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
4. It's also good to drink herbal teas, using motherwort, yarrow, dried grass, mistletoe, and fireweed for this.
5. Hazel. Dry hazel bark and leaves are crushed. 20 grams of raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water and left for an hour, well wrapped. The finished infusion should be taken one tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
6. To cleanse blood vessels from toxins and plaques, other plants are used - birch buds, flowers pharmaceutical chamomile, yarrow, St. John's wort, immortelle. The ingredients are mixed in equal proportions, 100 grams each, then a tablespoon of the mixture is poured with two glasses of boiling water and left for half an hour. You need to take the infusion twice daily: in the morning, on an empty stomach, and in the evening. The course continues until the prepared mixture is finished. This course can be conducted once every 2-3 years.

These are the most common and well-proven home vasodilation methods. They can be used simultaneously with therapeutic using medicinal methods, but before doing so, you should consult your doctor. He will be able to determine whether this remedy will harm in a particular case and whether it will conflict with the therapy he has prescribed.

To dilate blood vessels at home, in addition to proper nutrition, medication and folk therapy, you should adhere to a number of additional recommendations, which relate primarily to lifestyle:

1. Healthy sleep. For vascular health and wellness it's important to get enough sleep. You need to spend at least 8-9 hours sleeping, depending on your needs. For insomnia you can use sedatives on a natural basis.
2. Massage. A general strengthening massage perfectly stimulates the functioning of the vascular system. When cerebral vessels are damaged, massage of the cervical-collar area is useful.
3. Contrast shower. A contrast shower, in which you alternate between dousing with cold and hot water, is the best exercise for your blood vessels. It forces them to expand and contract, improves their tone and elasticity. But it should not be carried out on elderly people without preparation. In such cases, you can use the simplified option: place two basins with hot and cold water and lower them alternately for a few seconds.
4. Sauna, bathhouse, hammam. Such procedures are associated with warming up the entire body, which causes the blood vessels to expand and relieves their spasm. Massage enhances the effect, be it a soap massage in the hammam or the use of brooms in the bathhouse. Traditional sprinkling with snow after a bath is an excellent prevention of vascular diseases.
5. Walks. It is very important to take at least a half-hour walk every day. fresh air, the best place is in the park. This ensures a flow of fresh oxygen to all tissues and tones the blood vessels.

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General characteristics of vasodilator drugs

Pathological changes in blood vessels are quite common diseases that affect different age groups. Vascular stenosis can occur in various organs of our body, which will negatively affect the performance of vital functions.

Blood vessels penetrate almost all organs and tissues.

Blood flow:

1. Nutrients, oxygen, and metabolic products are carried.
2. The “garbage” generated in the process of life is removed.

Consequently, narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels worsens all these processes.

To treat vascular pathologies associated with a decrease in the lumen of vessels of various sizes and locations, vasodilators, or vasodilators, are used. This is a very broad group of drugs, general characteristic which can be called dilation of blood vessels in various parts of the human body.

It is a mistake to assume that any of the drugs that dilate blood vessels have an equal effect on all those present in the body. After all, there are small, medium and large vessels, each of which performs a specific function. Consequently, the medicine for each group of vessels will be specific.

Classification is made according to several principles. The first of them is the mechanism of action of the drug. This criterion will be of little information for the patient, but is important for specialists.

The second classification is called ATC (anatomical-therapeutic-chemical).

When distributing drugs into different groups, the following criteria are taken into account:

• main active ingredient. Thanks to this indicator, it is possible to determine the mechanism of action of the drug on the body;
• a list of diseases for which the use of this drug is indicated;
• specific organs on which the drug acts.

Such information about a drug that dilates blood vessels will be useful to the patient. However, you should remember that taking medications that have vasodilator effect, absolutely not.

A specialist sometimes prescribes completely different medications for the same pathological conditions. It all depends on individual characteristics the patient, the presence of concomitant pathologies of other organs and systems, the condition of blood vessels in the affected area and many other factors.

Alarm signal - see a doctor immediately

Initial symptoms vascular disorders is not specific and often goes away without proper attention from the patient. Discomfortable conditions are attributed to overwork, weather dependence, stress and other everyday causes. However, ignoring such manifestations can lead to serious consequences.

What you should pay attention to when seeking advice from a specialist as soon as possible:

• increased fatigue, even with minor loads;
• a state of general weakness, accompanied by attacks of dizziness;
• frequent headaches of varying intensity and localization;
• depression of cognitive functions - poor perception and memory of information, decreased concentration;
• partial loss of sensation in the limbs, deterioration in coordination of movements (presence of a “drunk” gait);

• sudden changes in blood pressure;
• feeling of “lack of sleep” during the day and insomnia at night;
• being in a certain “prostration”, the so-called pre-fainting state;
• decreased ability to work fully (this applies not only to physical, but also mental labor).

Any person can encounter a list of reasons that can cause such manifestations. These include frequent stress, moral and psychological stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, addictions, depressive states leading to the development of neuroses. Other pathologies of organs and systems can also be provocative factors: cardiovascular diseases, osteochondrosis of various localizations, atherosclerotic phenomena and many others.

Only a neurologist can tell you what to treat and how to treat vascular stenosis after carrying out a whole range of diagnostic measures.

Preparations for cerebral vessels

Vasodilator drugs for the brain have some peculiarities in their mechanism of action. But experts consider their main drawback to be the effect on other groups of blood vessels, which very often leads to an excessive decrease in blood pressure. It is this fact that makes it impossible to use them for people prone to hypotension. The effect may be exactly the opposite of what was expected. Therefore, the choice of a drug that dilates the blood vessels of the brain is carried out purely individually.

New generation vasodilators are represented by the most commonly used drugs:

1. Piracetam increases the rate of glucose excretion, which helps normalize blood circulation in the brain and relieve headaches and dizziness. Available in various pharmaceutical forms: tablets, syrup, as well as solutions for injections and infusions.
2. Mexidol is available in tablet form and injections. It is used to normalize cerebral circulation, saturate brain cells with oxygen and nutrients, lower cholesterol concentrations, and promote vasodilation.
3. Actovegin effectively fights against cerebral vasoconstriction, increases the rate of glucose excretion, and promotes normalization metabolic processes at the cellular level.

Vasodilators for treatment atherosclerotic manifestations help improve blood supply to the brain, and also have a positive effect on the condition of vascular venous and arterial walls.

Have a quick effect the following drugs for vasodilation:

• Papaverine is indicated for cerebral vascular spasms, and also effectively combats similar manifestations in the smooth muscles of the peritoneum;
• Cavinton - vasodilator tablets or solution for injection. Used for cerebrovascular disorders. It has a beneficial effect on the condition of the blood vessels of the brain, expands their lumen and relieves spasms.
• Angionorm is a representative of drugs that dilate blood vessels in the brain and help increase physical endurance, stress resistance and normalize the psycho-emotional state.

Almost all have a hypotensive effect vasodilators for the head.

Drugs for the treatment of coronary artery stenosis

Stenosis coronary arteries characterizes pathologies cardiovascular system, especially IHD (coronary heart disease). He calls painful sensations, a feeling of tightness in the chest and many other unpleasant symptoms.

Among the drugs that have a vasodilator effect specifically on the coronary vessels are:

1. Niroglycerin - " ambulance» in relieving attacks of pain during the development of myocardial infarction. Improves myocardial function, increasing the number of contractions, preventing relapse venous blood, which reduces the oxygen demand of the heart muscle.
2. Atenolol is a drug to reduce the number of heartbeats. Indicated for tachycardia, arrhythmias and high blood pressure. Relieves asthma attacks caused by increased myocardial oxygen demand, improves vascular conductivity and nutrition of the heart muscle.

However, both of these drugs have a number of contraindications, which makes it impossible to take them without first consulting a specialist to select the required dosage.

Among the prohibitions, emphasis can be placed on the following points:

• hypotension – for both drugs;
• hemorrhage in the brain or disruption of cerebral vessels - for Nitroglycerin;
• shock states of a cardiogenic nature, sinus bradycardia(Atenolol);
• kidney and liver pathologies (Atenolol);
• diabetes mellitus (Atenolol).

Adequate use of drugs in this group makes it possible to stop attacks and significantly improve the patient’s quality of life.

We treat peripheral arteries

Spasm of peripheral vessels, as a rule, is present with hypertension and increased blood pressure, which is not yet hypertension, but can develop into this chronic dangerous disease.

Among the most effective and popular means are the following:

1. Nifedipine belongs to the group of calcium antagonists. The drug reduces the load on the heart, overall vascular resistance and, as a result, reduces blood pressure.
2. Enalapril is a drug for the treatment of hypertension, which is used for a long time and has a lasting effect on the condition of blood vessels, relaxing them.

Such drugs are indicated for patients with hypertension, heart failure, coronary disease hearts. Reception is carried out for a long time, most often for life.

For ease of use, it is available in the form of tablets with varying amounts of active ingredient.

Contraindications include individual intolerance components of medications, a significant decrease in blood pressure, or taking other medications that are not combined with these drugs.

During the long-term therapy This group of drugs requires regular monitoring of blood pressure, blood tests for electrolytes and biochemistry. If any indicators change, you should contact your doctor; you may need to adjust the dosage or replace the drug.

If the blood vessels of the legs are affected

At endocrine disorders(in particular, diabetes mellitus), vasculitis, varicose veins and other vascular pathologies of the extremities affect peripheral vessels of various sizes. In most cases - veins with arteries. Preparations for the legs have the properties of dilating blood vessels, reducing muscle tone of the walls and relieving spasms.

Papaverine as an antispasmodic for lower limbs has the following effect:

• relieves spastic phenomena in blood vessels and pain associated with them;
• hinders education trophic ulcers by influencing the vascular walls;
• normalizes blood microcirculation in the peripheral vessels of the extremities;
• improves metabolic processes in tissues, preventing necrotization processes.

Papaverine is available in the form of tablets and injection solutions. If the treatment is inpatient, then the injection form is often used. In the future, when continuing treatment at home, a tablet course is prescribed.

Phentolamine is an adrenergic blocker that has a vasodilating effect and acts selectively on damaged receptors.

Indications for the use of this remedy include:

• ischemic pain in the legs;
• endarteritis;
• formation of trophic ulcers;
• initial stages of gangrene development in atherosclerotic disease;
• the presence of bedsores and frostbitten areas of skin of various locations.

The active ingredient of the drug improves trophism and activates blood supply in soft tissues all over the body. Therefore, it is used not only as specific remedy to combat vascular pathology of the lower extremities, but also according to indications for spasms or impaired blood supply to various locations.

Herbal remedies

Modern medicine has long come to the conclusion that the use of medicinal herbs is a reasonable solution to some problems, including those associated with spasms of blood vessels of various locations.

Among the advantages of such drugs, one should note their safety, minimal side effects and a small number of contraindications. The disadvantages include not so quick results, the need for long-term use and pathological condition in the initial stage. If the disease is advanced, rapidly progressing, or is in an acute stage, treatment with herbal remedies alone will not bring results.

The most common and popular drugs plant origin are products with vinca and ginkgo biloba alkaloids. Extracts of these plants help relieve spasms, saturate tissues with oxygen and nutrients, normalize cerebral circulation, and normalize metabolic processes.

Medicines based on periwinkle:

1. Cavinton.
2. Vinpocetine.
3. Telektol and others.

Ginkgo biloba is included in the following preparations:

• Bilobil;
• Tanakan;
• Gingium and others.

But you should not take them without prior consultation with a specialist, even if your friends or relatives are delighted with the effect obtained. Even the most safe drug plant origin has its contraindications and side effects. And only a doctor will be able to assess all the risks to the body in each specific case.

Taking care of your health is important at any age. And one should not naively think that vascular pathologies are the prerogative of old age. Even young people or children can experience spasms. It’s all due to the environment, excessive physical and mental stress, stress, bad habits and many other factors. Timely care of blood vessels will make it possible to maintain efficiency, a clear mind and a strong memory for many years.

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Drugs to dilate coronary arteries

Organic nitrates, nitric oxide donors, some adrenergic blockers, as well as calcium ion channel blockers have the effect of dilating coronary vessels.

This drug is simply irreplaceable in the treatment of patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD). This is an organic nitrate that has the ability to relax the smooth muscles of the vascular walls. Moreover, the most susceptible to this impact It turns out to be the coronary arteries.

In addition, Nitroglycerin has a number of other effects:

The main indication for taking Nitroglycerin tablets is the need to relieve an attack of pain due to angina pectoris. In addition, the drug can serve as first aid in the development of myocardial infarction.

Important to consider concomitant pathology patient to exclude contraindications, including:

• hypotension;
• cerebrovascular accident;
• intracerebral hemorrhage;
• closed-angle glaucoma (for the open-angle form of this pathology, Nitroglycerin can be used).

The active substance Atenolol has a selective effect on coronary β-adrenergic receptors. This is a selective blocker that stimulates the dilation of the coronary arteries, and also has a number of other therapeutic effects, including:

Indications for the use of Atenolol include: all clinical forms of angina, except Prinzmetal's angina, hypertension and symptomatic arterial hypertension, neurocirculatory disorders with hypertensive complications.

Among the contraindications to taking this medicine:

If the first drug we considered (Nitroglycerin) is prescribed primarily for relief acute conditions accompanied by heart pain (cardialgia), then Atenolol is usually prescribed for long-term use during complex therapy cardiac patients.

Drugs to dilate peripheral arteries

The main goal of dilating the peripheral arterial bed is, as a rule, to reduce blood pressure (BP). To realize this therapeutic effect, adrenergic blockers, ganglion blockers, calcium blockers and potassium channel activators, as well as ACE inhibitors can be used.

Nifedipine

This medicine is a calcium ion channel blocker. The main effect of its influence is the expansion of peripheral arteries. As a consequence:

The list of indications for taking Nifedipine includes: hypertension, arterial hypertension, and chronic heart failure. Nifedipine is effective for high and very high blood pressure.

The list of contraindications to taking this medication includes: unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and hypotension.

Enalapril

This medicine belongs to the group ACE inhibitors. At its core, Enalapril is a prodrug, because its active substance is activated by hydrolysis already in the human body, forming enalaprilat. This substance inhibits the activity of the enzyme that inhibits angiotensin-II. As a result, angiotensin-II is activated and realizes the hypotensive effect of Enalapril.

The list of indications for use of the drug includes all forms of arterial hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease.

Among the contraindications is increased individual sensitivity to the constituent components of the drug.

Medicines to lower blood pressure are usually available in tablet form. After all, they are prescribed to drink for a long time, in most cases for life. Therefore, the convenience of using such medications plays a big role. important role in successful treatment.

Preparations for dilation of peripheral blood vessels of the legs

Such drugs are prescribed for peripheral blood flow disorders. The latter, in turn, quite often develop with diabetes mellitus, systemic connective tissue diseases, vasculitis of various origins, etc. Moreover, the arteries and veins of the legs are most often affected. To dilate the blood vessels in the legs, you can use antispasmodics, ganglion blockers, adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers and other drugs.

Papaverine is an antispasmodic and has two main effects on blood vessels:

• elimination of spasm;
• expansion of the lumen of the bloodstream.

The combination of these effects ensures the normalization of blood flow in the periphery, provided that the main cause of the existing disorders is spasm.

Indications for taking this medication include:

Contraindications include heart rhythm and conduction disorders.

Papaverine can be used both in tablet form and in injection form. If the patient is undergoing treatment in a hospital setting, then, as a rule, preference is given to Papaverine injections.

Phentolamine

This vasodilator drug belongs to the adrenoblockers, which have a selective effect on α-adrenergic receptors. That is, it blocks adrenergic stimulation, thereby eliminating vascular spasm. It has a combined effect, similar to the previous medicine, acting primarily on arterioles and precapillaries. The substance significantly helps improve blood supply to soft tissues.

Among the indications for the use of Phentolamine:

Contraindications include severe cardiac diseases (in the stage of decompensation), as well as heart rhythm and conduction disorders.

This vasodilator also has two forms of release - for oral and for parenteral administration. For the purpose of treatment, you can choose any of them.

Medicines to dilate blood vessels in the central nervous system

We conclude the article by examining the clinical features of pharmacological agents for vasodilation of the central nervous system (i.e., brain, nose, inner ear and eyes). The relevance of cerebrovascular pathology of the brain, as well as other parts of the central nervous system, is beyond doubt.

The need to dilate the corresponding vessels may be indicated by the following alarming symptoms:

Vasodilator drugs for the brain are represented by calcium channel blockers, adrenergic blockers, as well as special drugs to improve cerebral blood flow. Moreover, the latter are of greatest value in clinical practice. Let's look at three popular representatives from this group of medications.

Vinpocetine

The active substance Vinpocetine inhibits the activity of the phosphodiesterase enzyme, thereby promoting the intracellular accumulation of cAMP. As a result, two main effects are realized:

• the vessels carrying blood to the brain dilate;
• the blood flowing in them is thinned by reducing the tendency of platelets to aggregate.

In this way, cerebral blood flow can be optimized.

Indications for taking Vinpocetine are as follows:

Among the relevant contraindications: hemorrhagic stroke, cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disorders, as well as severe ischemic heart disease.

There are release forms of Vinpocetine for both oral and parenteral use. However, more often neurological patients are prescribed injections. Another drug, Cavinton, has an effect similar to Vinpocetine.

Cytoflavin

Metabolic drug. The effectiveness of Cytoflavin is due to the complex effect of the components included in the drug. The drug stimulates the processes of cellular respiration and energy formation, improves the processes of oxygen utilization by tissues, restores the activity of enzymes that provide antioxidant effects, activates intracellular protein synthesis, and promotes the utilization of glucose and fatty acids.

Positively affects the parameters of neurological status:

When administered intravenously, it helps restore impaired consciousness. It has a quick awakening effect during post-anesthesia depression of consciousness. When using Cytoflavin in the first 12 hours from the onset of stroke, a favorable course of ischemic and necrotic processes in the affected area (reduction of the lesion), restoration of neurological status and a decrease in the level of disability in the long-term period are observed.

The effect of this drug is realized through several active ingredients. Their effects are:

Instenon can be used for the following indications:

• stroke of ischemic type;
• rehabilitation period for post-stroke patients;
• dyscirculatory encephalopathy;
• post-traumatic encephalopathy;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia with cerebral complications.

Contraindications to the use of the drug include: hemorrhagic stroke, as well as the presence of any internal bleeding.

Available forms of release of Instenon provide for the possibility of taking the drug orally, as well as by injection.

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With the help of vasodilator drugs, they fight headaches at home and save lives in hospitals. From the article you will learn why such drugs can be useful, what their principle of operation is, what types of vasodilator drugs exist, whether there are side effects and contraindications.

Types and principle of action of drugs for vasodilation

Good blood circulation is the key to good health, because cell nutrition depends on it. Some diseases affect blood vessels, reducing their internal clearance. Blood passes through them worse, cells do not receive the necessary nutrition and oxygen, which slows down the recovery process. Therefore, drugs are needed to dilate blood vessels - vasodilators.

Depending on the direction of action, vasodilator drugs are divided into three groups:

• Cerebral. The action is aimed exclusively at the blood vessels of the brain.
• Peripheral. They affect the most distant parts of the circulatory system.
• Mixed. Drugs of this type can also affect major arteries, and to the smallest capillaries.

Vasodilators also differ in their modes of influence. There are two main groups:

• Myotropic drugs. They influence biochemical processes directly in smooth muscle cells, promoting its relaxation.
• Nootropic or neurotropic drugs. They affect the transmission of impulses from nerve endings to smooth muscles. If there are no “alarming” impulses, the muscles relax.

All drugs for vasodilation are divided into pharmacological groups. These include:

• antispasmodics;
• calcium channel blockers;
• nitrates.

Antispasmodics

This is the most common type of vasodilator. They fight attacks of spastic pain by affecting the muscles. The muscles relax, the vessels are no longer compressed and can expand. Medicines in this group have myotropic and nootropic effects, depending on the active substance. These could be:

• Drotaverine - affects directly the smooth muscles of organs, does not affect the nervous system. Contraindicated in patients with low blood pressure, renal or liver failure and prostate adenoma.
• Pinaveria bromide acts exclusively on the digestive organs and is a myotropic drug. Do not take if you have a lactase deficiency or sugar intolerance.
• Hyoscine butyl bromide - nootropic drug very powerful action. Contraindicated in myasthenia gravis.

Antispasmodics can be taken when acute pain: unlike painkillers, they will not affect clinical picture. It is acceptable to take at home, but it is better to consult a doctor before doing so. Children, pregnant and lactating women should choose a different type of medication.

Calcium channel blockers

Another name is calcium antagonists. These are myotropic drugs.

There are two types of channels that conduct calcium ions: fast and slow. The cardiovascular system is characterized by fast ones, and slow ones are located in the cells of organs. Therefore, the choice of drug depends on which organs need to be affected.

To better understand the action of calcium channel blockers, you need to know what role calcium ions play in muscle cells. A smooth muscle cell consists of three threads and in its normal state retains some tension. There are substances that can “turn on” or “turn off” the voltage in this cell. Calcium ions contribute to cell tension, and blocking calcium currents relaxes them.

Calcium antagonists are usually divided into three generations. The first includes:

• phenylethylamine (Verapamil);
• benzodiazepine (Diltiazem);
• Dihydropyridine (Nifedipine).

The second generation includes retard forms of verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine (especially generation 2a: isradipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine, felodipine, diltiazem, etc.) and new chemical compounds (generation 2b: benidipine, manidipine, nilvadipine, nimodipine, clentiazem, anipamil etc.). They have fewer side effects and more long action. Third generation drugs have not yet been approved in the Russian Federation.

Nitrates

This is a very small group of drugs, it includes sodium nitroprusside. It is able to quickly dilate blood vessels and is available in the form of injections. Nitroglycerin has a similar effect - when it breaks down in the blood, it becomes a donor of nitric oxide, which dilates blood vessels. But nitroglycerin does not act on large arteries, but on veins, which makes it possible to reduce the load at a particular point in time; after the action of the drug, blood flow to the heart may increase.

Considering the properties of vasodilators and the importance good blood circulation for each cell of the body, the scope of application of drugs of this type is very large. They are prescribed for:

• fight against;
• treatment of heart failure;
• relieving symptoms of certain digestive diseases;
• relieving symptoms of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract;
• improving blood supply to the brain;
• treatment;
• treatment of prostatitis;
• improvement in diabetes;
• treatment of arthrosis;
• fight against osteochondrosis.

Hypertension

With high blood pressure, medications that dilate blood vessels play a supporting role: the vessels dilate and the pressure drops. The drugs do not solve the problems that caused hypertension, but they can help in case of a hypertensive crisis when other drugs are no longer effective.

Heart failure

In this condition in the artery less blood than necessary, and the heart does not contract strongly enough. This may be indicated by shortness of breath, fatigue and other symptoms. If the vessels dilate, blood will flow better to the artery.

Digestive diseases

Some diseases are characterized by severe cramping pain. These include:

• hepatic colic;
• cholecystitis;
• pancreatitis;
• stomach ulcer.

Antispasmodics not only relieve pain, without interfering with an accurate diagnosis. With their help, you can improve the patient’s condition if smooth muscle tension is the basis of the disease. In addition, drugs of this class are used to prepare the patient for certain types of medical procedures.

Kidney and urinary tract diseases

Vasodilators may be useful for a number of diseases of the urinary system:

• Cystitis. By relaxing the muscles, they help eliminate pain and improve blood circulation in the bladder, which promotes rapid recovery.
• Kidney colic. The first stage of colic treatment is pain relief, otherwise it can lead to acute obstructive pyelonephritis.
• Nephritis. This disease causes swelling of the interstitial tissue, which causes vascular spasm and compression. Because of this, tissue cell death may occur.

Drugs for cerebral vasodilation

A common cause of dizziness and headaches is insufficient blood supply. The use of vasodilator drugs will improve your condition after injury, reduce the frequency of migraine attacks, and take care of preserving memory and alertness.

Vegetovascular dystonia

This disease is a malfunction of the nervous system, which can cause different organs. Sometimes VSD causes excessive muscle tension and provokes vasoconstriction. This may cause numbness in the limbs, dizziness, or spasms.

Prostatitis

Due to inflammation of the prostate gland, compression of the urethra, spasms of smooth muscles and poor circulation occur. Vasodilators help relieve pain and restore blood circulation.

In this disease, small capillaries become blocked by defective blood cells. In addition, glucose, which is large quantities is in the blood, promotes the formation of plaques and blood clots on the walls of blood vessels. This especially affects organs that have many small capillaries. This is why diabetes complications most often affect the eyes, kidneys and limbs. To normalize blood microcirculation, peripheral vasodilators are used.

Arthrosis

Treatment of arthrosis consists of two parts. The first is to relieve pain, which becomes especially painful at night. The second is to improve blood flow to the sore joint so that the tissue has everything it needs to recover.

Osteochondrosis

This disease is a depletion of the cartilage disc between the vertebrae. This leads to a decrease in the distance between the vertebrae and this has a bad effect on vertebral arteries, which are located in the canal created by the transverse processes of the vertebrae. If osteochondrosis affects cervical region spine, the blood supply to the brain suffers.

Osteochondrosis is often complicated increased viscosity blood and the formation of plaques, as they usually occur in people over 40 years of age, and these changes are characteristic of this age.

Therefore, vasodilators play an important role in the treatment of the consequences of osteochondrosis.

General contraindications and side effects

Each individual vasodilator has its own list of contraindications and side effects, but there are factors that apply to all medications in this class. This also includes a number of contraindications:

• Hypotension. All vasodilators lower blood pressure even further.
• Childhood. Some drugs can be taken from one year onwards, others only from six years of age.
• Pregnancy and lactation (there are exceptions).
• Chronic liver and kidney diseases require restrictions on the use of vasodilators. They can be taken in case of emergency under the supervision of a doctor.
• Sensitivity to the components of the drug.
• Presence of blood clots and plaques.

Common side effects include:

• dizziness;
• weakness;
• dry mouth;
• nausea;
• constipation;
• bleeding.

There is such a thing as stealing phenomenon: blood reluctantly flows through those vessels that are narrowed or damaged; it is more willing to bypass. Because of this, a situation may arise when, at a time of urgent need (for example, a hypertensive crisis), a person takes a powerful vasodilator, the blood is sent along an easier path, and other vessels that transmit blood to the brain, heart, liver or other important organs are damaged. Because of this, blood simply does not go there, preferring wide vessels. Hypoxia, cell death and other consequences appear.

Neurologist M.M. says that medications for dilating blood vessels are not always useful. Sperling in this video:

Top 10 drugs for vasodilation

When it comes to health issues, you want to trust, first of all, proven remedies. Although for each disease it is necessary to select vasodilators, taking into account the cause and course of the disease, concomitant diseases and individual tolerance, it is possible to draw up sample list the most proven and widespread vasodilators.

No-shpa

Belongs to the group of antispasmodics, active substance- drotaverine hydrochloride, has a myotropic effect. Available in the form of tablets for oral administration and solution for injection. Equally quickly absorbed by the body - faster than papaverine. Recommended for use with high blood pressure, spasms of the urinary or biliary tract, gastrointestinal tract, painful menstruation.

Side effects and contraindications are common for all drugs of this type. Recommendations for use are given by the doctor, usually 1-2 tablets, 3 times a day. When administering injections, the daily dose is up to 240 mg, this volume should be divided into three parts.

Papaverine

The active substance is papaverine hydrochloride, an antispasmodic with myotropic action. There are three forms of release:

• rectal suppositories, place 2-4 times a day;
• injection solution is administered 1-2 ml 2 times a day;
• pills, single dose 40-60 mg.

When taken in small quantities, it almost does not enter the brain, but with a sufficient dosage it causes a sedative effect. Relieves spasms internal organs.

Suppositories are prescribed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy to relieve uterine hypertonicity.

Besides usual contraindications for vasodilators, papaverine is prohibited for glaucoma and AV block.

Eufillin

The active ingredient is theophylline. The drug is prescribed for bronchitis, bronchospasms and cardiac asthma. Inhibits the adhesion of platelets, which contributes to blood thinning.

Available in oral, injection and microenemas forms. The maximum dose for adults is 0.15 mg, three times a day after meals. Up to 0.24 g can be injected into a vein, slowly, before diluting it in 20 ml of isotonic solution.

Specific contraindications are coronary insufficiency and heart rhythm disturbances.

Meverin

The active ingredient is mebeverine. It belongs to the group of antispasmodics; its advantage is the lower frequency of side effects. Assigned for withdrawal intestinal spasm. Available in tablet form, take one twice a day.

While taking this drug, it is better to avoid activities that require concentration.

Buscopan

The active ingredient is hyoscine butyl bromide. It is an antispasmodic nootropic agent and does not affect the nervous system. The likelihood of side effects is less than with drotaverine preparations. Available as rectal suppositories and tablets. Candles can be placed one or two up to 5 times a day, tablets - 10-20 mg (1-2 tablets) up to 5 times a day.

Specific side effects: urinary retention, eczema. In addition to the usual contraindications for antispasmodics, it is not recommended for those who suffer from fructose intolerance.

It contains several active ingredients:

• Metamizole sodium;
• Pitophenone hydrochloride;
• Phenpiverinium bromide.

By enhancing each other's actions, these substances not only relax muscles, but also have an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Available in the form of tablets (1-2 tablets, after meals, 3 times a day) and solution for injection (2-5 ml, 2-3 times a day, but not more than 10 ml per day).

Prohibited for intestinal obstruction and angina pectoris. During use, it is necessary to monitor the level of leukocytes in the blood and monitor the condition of the liver.

Theobromine

Calcium antagonist with the same name as the active substance. Typically used to treat bronchitis and asthma. Available in tablet form, permissible dose- 0.25 mg, three times a day.

Specific contraindications:

• peptic ulcer of the stomach or intestines;
• bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract;
• hypothyroidism;
• thyrotoxicosis.

Diabazole

The active ingredient is bendazole, a myotropic antispasmodic. The effect is directed on the blood vessels, and to a lesser extent on the digestive organs. Improves blood circulation peripheral nerves and spinal cord. Prescribed 20-50 mg, up to three times per day.

Contraindicated in diabetes mellitus and diseases that reduce muscle tone.

Cordaflex

The active ingredient is nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker. Able to increase heart rate. Stimulates coronary blood flow without the "steal phenomenon".

Can be taken orally and sublingually at a dosage of 10 mg. If addiction develops, which can happen after two months, the dose can be increased by another 10 mg, maximum daily dosage- 40 mg.

Diltiazem

Like Cordaflex, it is a BKK, but has the ability to balance heart rate. Dilates arteries, reduces myocardial oxygen demand. Contraindicated for atrioventricular conduction disorders. Available in tablet form, daily dose for adults it is 180-240 mg.

Vasodilators are a large group of medications that can be used to improve the condition of many diseases. To select a vasodilator drug, you need to take into account the cause of vasoconstriction, concomitant diseases and individual intolerance. Such drugs are not absolutely safe; their use requires consultation with a doctor.

Under the influence of certain factors, a vasodilating or vasodilating effect is observed in the body. What is a vasodilating effect? This is the ability of various factors to reduce the tone of the walls of blood vessels, as a result of which the gap between them increases. A similar effect occurs:

• if there is an inflammatory process in the body;
• under mechanical influence, for example, during a massage session;
• under the influence of physical and chemical factors (ultraviolet rays, high temperature, medications);
• hypnotic state.

In addition, vasodilation occurs during physical and mental activity and food intake.

The mechanism of development of the vasodilating effect

You can expand the vascular bed:

• relaxing the smooth muscles of blood vessels;
• influencing the nerve fibers that innervate the blood vessels;
• effects through the humoral systems with the help of vasodilators that are carried through the bloodstream throughout the body.

The expansion of the lumen of blood vessels is a natural reaction of the body, which improves blood supply to organs. They receive more oxygen and nutrients. So, when the blood vessels in the brain dilate, mental activity increases.

During development inflammatory process the vasodilating effect is observed under the influence of inflammatory mediators (bradykinin, prostaglandins). Increasing blood supply helps eliminate the causes that provoked the inflammatory process and restore damaged tissue.

Application of the vasodilating effect in medical practice

The vasodilating effect of drugs in medicine is used for:

• redistribution of blood in the body, for example, during surgical intervention on a “dry” heart;
• a decrease in the rate of blood circulation and a decrease in pressure with hypertension and;
• normalization of trophism and acceleration of regeneration of damaged tissues, after injuries, focal necrosis and general vascular damage during.

Medicines that have a vasodilating effect

The list of names of vasodilator drugs is quite large. Among these medications, several groups are distinguished. The first group includes drugs that act directly on vascular smooth muscle:

• Papaverine;
• Drotaverine hydrochloride;
• Atropine;
• Eufillin;
• Platyfillin.

Medicines relax smooth muscles, eliminate spasms of internal organs and at the same time improve their blood supply. This explains the analgesic effect of various types colic and bronchospasm.

The second group includes medications that affect the nerve plexuses - ganglia. That's why they are called ganglion blockers. Medicines interrupt all nerve impulses that enter the blood vessels, which leads to their expansion. Since arteries have stronger innervation, they relax more than veins.

Important! Ganglion blockers cannot be used independently, as they cause sharp drop pressure, which can be life-threatening.

Ganglioblockers include Benzohexonium, Pachycarpine, Pentamin. They are used:

• to eliminate vasospasm in obliterating endarteritis;
• to lower pressure, in order to prevent aortic rupture during.

The third group includes medications that dilate only arterioles and venules. Such drugs are called peripheral vasodilators. Medicines are used to normalize high pressure. They are direct and not direct action. Direct-acting drug - Naniprus, Hydralazine, Minoxidine. Indirect peripheral vasodilators include:

• Regitin;
• angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors;
• calcium antagonists;
• sartans.

The last group includes drugs that cause the release of nitrous oxide. This substance is a natural vasodilator that is released in the body in response to vasoconstriction. The group includes nitrites and nitrates (Nitrocor, Nitromint, Monosan). All representatives of this group must pass through the liver to exert their therapeutic effect. Therefore, they are not prescribed to patients with liver failure.

Some medications have a vasodilating effect undesirable reaction, For example:

• nicotinic acid;
• Viagra, which is used to improve potency, and the vasodilating effect is a side effect.

The vasodilating or vasodilating effect is necessary for normal functioning body. Medicines that dilate the lumen of blood vessels are widely used in modern medicine for the treatment, as well as pathologies associated with narrowing of blood vessels in the brain.

Attention!

Peripheral vasodilators - medicines, capable of expanding small arteries and veins due to the effect on their muscle tone. One of the first representatives of this group was nitroglycerin, developed back in the 19th century for symptomatic treatment angina pectoris. It is still used in clinical practice. It is preferable to use vasodilators in patients with acute heart failure and overload of the pulmonary circulation. They play an important role in the treatment of persistent and refractory arterial hypertension.

When are vasodilators used?

The use of vasodilators causes changes in basic hemodynamic parameters. When these substances are prescribed, pre- and afterload on the heart are corrected, peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) decreases, cardiac output increases, and the oxygen demand of the heart muscle decreases. The following indications for use are distinguished:

• stable hypertensive crisis, not amenable to correction by other groups of drugs;
• acute heart attack;
• left ventricular failure, manifested as pulmonary edema or cardiac asthma;
• various forms of angina;
• worsening of chronic heart failure.

For these diseases they are used different shapes drugs. These are solutions for intravenous administration, sprays, sublingual tablets.

In some cases, peripheral vasodilators can very sharply reduce blood pressure, so their uncontrolled prescription and use is unacceptable.

Classification

Despite general mechanism actions and points of application for vasodilators differ. This is what their classification is based on. Depending on the vessel on which the medicine acts, there are 3 main groups.

Acting on venules:

• molsidomine;
• isosorbide dinitrate;
• nitroglycerine.

Affecting arterioles:

• phentolamine;
• hydralazine;
• dehydropreridine and non-dihydroperidine calcium antagonists.

Dilating venules and arterioles:

• prazosin;
• sodium nitroprusside.

Venous vasodilators reduce the return of venous blood to the right atrium, unload the pulmonary circulation, reduce myocardial oxygen demand, and promote an antianginal effect. When arterioles dilate, the total peripheral vascular resistance changes downward, and blood pressure normalizes.

The most serious side effect drugs is development severe hypotension accompanied by an increase in heart rate.

List of drugs acting on arterioles or venules

Molsidomine effectively affects the smooth muscles of the venules, thereby reducing their tone and venous return to the heart muscle. The drug promotes the expansion of coronary vessels and improves bypass (collateral) blood flow. As a result, the myocardial need for oxygen is reduced by 1/3. Indicated to prevent or interrupt attacks of angina, most often in addition to nitrates. Prescription is possible in the subacute period of cardiac infarction and for patients with pulmonary hypertension. Used for combination therapy of chronic heart failure (CHF).

Isosorbide dinitrate has a long-term antianginal, coronary dilation effect. Reduces preload, causes a redistribution of blood flow along the vessels supplying the heart in favor of ischemic areas. Increases resistance to physical activity in people suffering from angina pectoris. The dosage form is often prescribed in the form of a spray under trademarks Isoket, Cardiket, as well as the tablet version Nitrosorbide. Indications for use are various forms of coronary heart disease and CHF.

Nitroglycerine - the classic and most famous drug from the group of vasodilators. Reduces preload and afterload on the heart. A typical episode of angina stops within 1 minute after taking the medicine. It is convenient to use this substance in the form of a spray. Representatives are Nitromint and Nitrospray. They are used in the same situations as isosorbide or molsidomine. Headache is a side effect of the drug and develops due to dilation cerebral vessels. Taking the drug often causes a short-term decrease in blood pressure (BP), and therefore a horizontal position of patients is desirable.

Phentolamine due to its vasodilating effect, it improves blood circulation skin, muscles and mucous membranes. Reduces blood pressure, especially effective in pheochromocytoma. Currently, this drug is not used in clinical practice.

Hydralazine lowers blood pressure by reducing arteriolar tone, while stimulating an increase in cardiac output and contraction frequency. The indication for use is angina pectoris, but only in combination with other drugs, CHF. Prescribed for eclampsia in pregnant women, to improve blood flow in the renal and cerebral vessels. Also known as Apressin. IN recent years the drug is not commercially available.

Calcium antagonists- drugs that reduce the resistance of peripheral and cardiac vessels, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure and an antianginal effect. Well-known representatives are Amlodipine, Corinfar, Norvasc, Cordaflex, Diltiazem. They are rarely used in monotherapy; they are more often prescribed with drugs from other groups. Indicated in the treatment of hypertension, especially combined with ischemic heart disease (coronary heart disease). Abrupt withdrawal of drugs may worsen the course of the disease due to the development of vascular spasm caused by hypersensitivity to calcium.

Numerous organs and tissues of the body are penetrated by vessels in which blood circulates non-stop. Thanks to its continuous movement, the main processes in the body occur - gas exchange, heat transfer, provision of nutrients and valuable products their metabolism.

Each organ has its own regional circulatory system, with characteristic features and individual physiology. The human brain is riddled with blood vessels.

Not only its own functions, but also the health of the body’s nervous system, as well as hearing, vision, and speech activity depend on a stable supply of blood to the brain.

The use of vasodilator drugs for the brain allows for for many years maintain its activity and helps overcome many diseases.

Calcium antagonists or calcium channel blockers

Tested and widely known drugs, increasing the lumen of blood vessels, including in brain tissue - aminophylline and papaverine. In the middle of the last century, these drugs were the main helpers for patients with vascular problems. They can be attributed to the predecessors of representatives most important group medications called "calcium antagonists".

The most studied representatives of this group are verapamil and nifedipine. They are considered prototypes for other, more advanced drugs developed later. Nifedipine is characterized by a predominant effect on the blood vessels of the brain and is the active ingredient of well-known generic drugs, including Adalat, Cordafen, Cordaflex, Corinfar.

Patients with impaired blood supply to the brain in combination with high blood pressure are prescribed a course of taking such medications. Nifedipine is taken orally, in tablet form. What is its effect on blood flow?

Calcium ions are involved in contraction processes muscle cells body, including cerebral vascular cells. An excessive increase in ion concentration is observed during tissue ischemia and lack of oxygen. A vicious circle arises.

On the one hand, tissues suffer from hypoxia, on the other, intensive transport of calcium ions into tissues through special channels in cell membranes works to enhance metabolism and increase tissue demand for oxygen. A spasm occurs, impeding blood flow.

Calcium antagonists block transport channels and relax the smooth muscles of the brain vessels, which suffer more than others from a failure in the supply of oxygen. A concomitant effect of the drug is a decrease in blood viscosity, which leads to an improvement in its rheological characteristics and acceleration of movement in blood vessels.

Calcium antagonists include cinnarizine or stugerone. Its action is associated with a decrease in the penetration of ions of this element into the cell, but healing effect is due not only to this property of the drug.

Cinnarizine can be classified as nootropics, stimulants brain activity. The vasodilating effect is one of the positive consequences of taking nootropic drugs. The first drug in this group is piracetam, which also has another name - nootropil.

Piracetam was synthesized in 1963 and is successfully used to this day, as it has a wide range of indications related to the treatment and prevention of brain disorders. Nootropics can relieve strong symptoms, improve metabolic processes, prevent cell aging and loss of mental activity in old age.

Vasodilators

The effect of dilation of tense, narrowed and spasmodic vessels is called vasodilation. Medicines that relieve the symptoms of spasm and expand the vascular lumen are known as. Modern vasodilator drugs for the brain can improve not only the arteries, but also small capillaries, the blood supply of which is necessary for the functioning of the most important organ of the body.

One of the most accessible and widely used drugs in this area is nicotinic acid, or vitamin PP, and derivative medicine- xanthinol nicotinate. Their action extends to the vessels of the body as a whole, including the brain, causing them to expand and accelerate blood circulation.

The effect can be so strong that there is obvious redness of the skin and a burning sensation on the mucous membranes. The drug is used in the form of tablets, injections and infusions.

The course of treatment lasts from 10 to 20 days, during which the tone of blood vessels stabilizes, the elasticity of their walls increases, and the risk of blood clots decreases.

Cerebral vasodilators are focused specifically on the blood vessels of the brain.

These include pentoxifylline and its well-known analogues - trental and agapurine. Under the influence of pentoxifylline, cerebral blood vessels dilate while blood microcirculation improves and oxygen absorption by tissues occurs. Concomitant treatment a decrease in platelet aggregation should be monitored by a physician so that the patient is not at risk of bleeding.

Another famous drug is one of the cerebral vasodilators - vinpocetine, its analogue is known as cavinton. Beneficial influence vinpocetine on blood vessels is due to the effect of the plant alkaloid vinca, which facilitates blood movement and stabilizes the vascular lumen.

The effect of the drug is mild, the number of contraindications is small. Maybe long-term use vinpocetine in tablet form.

Preparations based on natural extracts

Speaking about vasodilating drugs for the brain, one cannot fail to mention the popular products based on the extract of the relict plant Ginkgo biloba. Tanakan, bilobil, memoplant are the most famous among them.

Glycosides from the leaves and seeds of the plant have an antioxidant effect on blood vessels and improve the condition of the entire circulatory system. Improvement of the brain with the help of ginkgo biloba is indicated not only for therapeutic, but also for preventive purposes. Improved blood circulation and an increase in the brain's ability to absorb essential nutrients appear soon after starting to take the medicine.

What to choose

To guarantee the effect of treatment, you should choose patented drugs that are produced by reputable pharmaceutical companies. The content of the active substance in them is strictly regulated.

The need to maintain brain health can arise at any age. Even young people who devote a lot of time to study or mental work need to prevent circulatory disorders. For older people, this need becomes urgent. Timely intake of medications that dilate blood vessels in the brain will help maintain a clear and cheerful mind and high performance for many years.

General practitioner, candidate of medical sciences, practicing physician.

Bilobil was prescribed to me by a neurologist when I turned to him for help. To solve my problem, which is that when I wear a hat, in the place where it comes into contact with my ears and head, I begin to feel pain. The pain grows gradually and becomes unbearable. I had an MRI. Everything is fine there. So both my husband and I took Bilobil. And we both noted that with this drug, my head became clearer.

In June, I had an ischemic stroke on the way to the hospital and was hospitalized. Took treatment for 7 days at home under observation family doctor I received Cavinton for 2 months. Then the neurologist prescribed vinebral since Cavinton did not give any improvement, and there was no improvement from vinebral either, dizziness, loss of coordination, the state of a slightly drunk person. What to do next?

I answer Valentina, you may have problems with the pituitary gland, you need to do an MRI.

Recently, a lot of vasodilator drugs for the brain have appeared, but before purchasing any drug at the pharmacy, you should definitely consult a doctor, since only a doctor can choose a drug that will help a particular patient. My mom is suffering high blood pressure and she had to try many medications before she found one (on the recommendation of a doctor) that really helped.

A neurologist prescribed Cavinton to me (I’m 70 years old), but its use sharply increased my pulse rate, which was already elevated.

I want to ask the doctor a question: I am 81 years old and on Epiphany I doused myself with cold water from the tap, after 2 hours the pressure rose to 190, this pressure was repeated twice during the week. My normal blood pressure is 130-140, but I have atherosclerosis. I have been taking EQUATOR for two days, but the symptoms do not go away. Given my option, which medicine is more suitable?

Please tell me I have slight dizziness and a buzzing in my left ear, I did mine, everything is fine. The neuropathologist did not find anything, but the hum does not go away.

Tatyana, this means that you have had an incomplete examination. Do an MRI of the vessels of the head and neck, as well as duplex scanning of the arteries.

Hello, I am being treated by a neurologist, I have been taking medications for 10 days, there is no improvement. Persistent state anxiety, shortness of breath, cold extremities, sweating, in desperation I drank a glass of cognac - my condition improved, what is it?

A constant state of anxiety, shortness of breath, cold extremities, sweating, in desperation I drank a glass of cognac - my condition improved, what is this? This is a neurosis, if there is nothing on MRI, angiography and all sorts of ultrasounds of blood vessels, go to a cognitive PT, a neurologist will not help.

Good afternoon I am already 69 years old. I am seeing a neurologist: symptoms - every day after breakfast a state of intoxication appears, spasms of the head muscles, chest, cheeks, etc. severe sweating, asthenic syndrome. The doctor said that if there is no memory loss, then there is no need to take vasodilators. Prescribed an antidepressant. Symptoms continue. What do you recommend? Thank you.

Hello, I have been undergoing treatment twice a year for the last 10 years, but the headaches do not go away. Painkillers help, but I have stomach problems. The results of the MRI are narrowing of the right anterior communicating artery and DEP, grade 2 hearing loss, retinal degeneration, therefore a third group disabled person, and I am only 47 years old. Help get rid of headaches.

Tingling in the fingers, general weakness and fear and anxiety, what is it?

Pradaxa or Xarelto tablets were prescribed after an ischemic stroke up to 4.5 points, but given my pension, they are expensive. Can they prescribe something else?

Tatiana: sulfur plug in the ear, go to the ENT specialist.

Hello. My daughter has complex astigmatism. They did an ultrasound of the head. They say the blood vessels are narrowed. Please advise what to take, how and what to treat?

Hello! What medication can you take while passing the pass? Dad had a head injury, and when passing through passes he has an attack: vague consciousness, up to the loss of consciousness. Doctors said it was due to a head injury. What medications can you take, how can you prevent an attack and help during it? Most likely, everything is connected with vasoconstriction.

I am 63 years old. In recent years, constant pulsating noise in the ear. The ENT specialist and neurologist found nothing... I took tanakan for 3 months. To no avail...

Good afternoon Please tell me what this could be and where I can turn. I am 22 years old, I am an anxious person, I have low blood pressure. I have been experiencing periodic dizziness for a year now, and my vision has deteriorated slightly. And now I still have a feeling of fear, anxiety and headaches. The neurologist prescribed a course of mild sedatives. He advises you to see a psychologist. Tell me what to do?

Vasodilator tablets are needed.