Class hour “Hygiene rules. Infectious diseases and their prevention»

Conduct form: conference in the form of information messages.

Target:

Protect students from a careless attitude to hygiene rules (focus their attention on personal items);

Warn children about the dangers of hepatitis C;

Talk about the flu and how to prevent it.

Training

Find interesting material about infectious diseases.

Make a stand "Health is in your hands."

Propagate the memos "Drug and hepatitis are death."

Invite specialists for a discussion on these issues: a biology teacher, a school doctor, a district epidemiologist.

Health is the most precious thing. Health comes out in pounds, and enters in spools.

Russian proverb

Teacher: Guys, in their youth, many people are frivolous about the most precious thing that they got from nature - their health. Unfortunately, at the present time it can be said that due to chronic diseases of parents, their unhealthy lifestyle and environmental degradation, many children are already born sick or with weakened immunity and are exposed to various diseases. Therefore, in order not to follow the expression: “we don’t store what we have, weep when we lose it,” it is necessary to be armed with special knowledge about the most dangerous infectious diseases that lie in wait for us at every step. And to know means not to be afraid, it means to be able to actively resist them!

Conversation one - "Affectionate" killer

This is the name of hepatitis C, discovered only in 1989, because of its "quiet" course. In some patients, clinical symptoms appear only when liver cancer has already developed. The number of patients with hepatitis C in Russia is increasing by an average of 100% every year, and many doctors are already talking about an epidemic of this virus. How can infection be prevented, who is most susceptible to it, what treatments are available? We will try to answer these and some other questions today.

What should I do to avoid getting infected with the virus? Avoid contact with blood and other infectious materials; avoid using common funds hygiene (toothbrushes, razors), as well as items such as earrings, etc. Always follow the rules of safe sexual intercourse, including the use of condoms.

How do you know if you are infected with the hepatitis C virus?

As a rule, on initial stage the disease is very mild, so it can be detected only with the help of biochemical analysis blood serum. Then spend virological study. If necessary, a study of liver tissue obtained by biopsy can be carried out.

How is the hepatitis C virus transmitted?

Since the virus is contained in the blood of infected people, the main route of transmission of the virus is contact with blood and its products (this is possible not only with blood transfusion, but also with the use of non-sterile injection needles and other medical instruments). The virus can also be transmitted sexually, in utero, or during childbirth from an infected mother to her baby (rare). It is possible to transmit the virus when using common items of a personal toilet - a toothbrush, razor, scissors.

How quickly can cirrhosis of the liver develop due to infection with the hepatitis C virus?

In 25-30% of patients, cirrhosis of the liver develops within 15-20 years, which entails high risk development of liver cancer. In 65-75% of patients, acute hepatitis C becomes chronic.

How is hepatitis C virus different from other viruses?

Unlike viruses B and D, acute hepatitis C can occur with less severe liver damage, and often no symptoms at all. Some patients have a fever, they may experience a feeling of nausea, discomfort in the abdomen. Some get jaundice. The disappearance of the virus from the blood within 6 months occurs only in 20% of cases. Next, we need to talk about chronic stage disease, which in most cases is also asymptomatic until late stages when cirrhosis of the liver and its complications develop.

Is there a vaccine for the hepatitis C virus?

No, there is currently no vaccine, but modern and effective methods there is a struggle and they consist in antiviral therapy which should be carried out under the strict supervision of a physician.

Conversation two "On hygiene of the ears"

Those who use the phone, player, headphones, phonendoscope for a long time, you need to remember that these devices should be for individual use.

You can get an infection in your ear by talking from a pay phone, especially if you have abrasions or irritations in your ear. You can expect trouble with a weakened immune system, anemia, gout, but most often with diabetes.

In addition, people for whom headphones and a telephone receiver are a working tool can also suffer from ear dermatitis. These are telephone operators and secretaries. Even doctors can suffer because of the frequent use of a phonendoscope, and those who wear a hearing aid or player for a long time.

A symptom of the disease is discharge from the ear canal and pain when pressed on auricle.

With itching and mild soreness, when purulent process has not yet developed, the ear canal is smeared with brilliant green. It dries out the skin and reduces itching. You need to do this with cotton wool wound thin layer on a match, barely touching the walls of the ear. In no case do not rub. From improper lubrication, itching may increase, a discharge of a watery nature may appear. Then there will be deterioration. Should not be lubricated sore spot and "ear" sticks, which are now sold everywhere. Their thickness is not suitable for this procedure. They, unfortunately, can move the decomposed skin closer to eardrum.

For ear dermatitis, you can instill with a pipette or a teaspoon into the ear 1% menthol oil 4-5 drops 2-3 times a day. At the same time, tilt the ear so that the dripped solution does not flow out of it.

The disease is curable and boric alcohol. Soak a loose cotton wick in it and gently insert it into the ear. Keep it for 1 or 2 days and do not touch it. Vata itself will straighten out all over the skin of the ear canal. So that the cotton wool is not dry, you can additionally drop boric alcohol on it. Then you need to introduce a new wick. The first 2-3 times the procedure is best done under medical supervision.

Treatment with boric alcohol is that it destroys surface layer skin that dries up and peels off in scales. This is how diseased cells disappear.

If you suffer from allergies, then the ear canal is best lubricated hormonal ointments, for example, prednisolone or hydrocortisone. It must be introduced using a cotton filter. Under the influence of heat, the ointment in the ear will spread itself. In severe cases, the disease is treated with antibiotics.

During illness, you need to take multivitamins and vitamins of group B. Patients diabetes during an exacerbation of dermatitis, consultation of an endocrinologist and the strictest observance diets.

ear dermatitis can be prevented if basic hygiene rules are followed. To avoid damaging the skin of the ear canal, never remove wax with a needle or pin. Washing the ear can also lead to the development of the disease. dirty water. This should be done only by a doctor who will prescribe special drops to soften the sulfur and remove it under sterile conditions.

Those who use the phone, headphones, phonendoscope for a long time, you need to remember that these devices should be for individual use. If a stranger spoke on your phone, then wipe the phone with alcohol or cologne.

Conversation three "What is chlamydnosis?"

The disease is caused by bacteria of the genus Chlamydia. In nature, there are two types of chlamydia: the first type affects animals and birds and can cause an infectious disease in humans - psittacosis; The second type of chlamydia is called Chlamydia trachomatis. About 15 of its varieties are known, some of them cause trachoma, venereal lymphogranulomatosis. Two of the 15 varieties of chlamydia affect genitourinary system human, causing urogenital chlamydia.

In terms of their properties, chlamydia occupy an intermediate position between viruses and bacteria. Therefore, until now, chlamydia is diagnosed and treated with great difficulty than ordinary bacterial infections. Urogenital chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease. Often there is a combination of chlamydia with other urinary infections- trichomoniasis, gardnelosis, ureaplasmosis.

How does chlamydia present?

Incubation period in chlamydia is

approximately 1-3 weeks. A person with chlamydia notices a characteristic glassy discharge from urethra in the morning. There may be itching or discomfort when urinating, sticking of the lips of the external opening of the urethra. Sometimes the general condition worsens - weakness is noted, body temperature rises slightly. It should be noted that chlamydia often occurs without pronounced symptoms or without them at all.

Even without treatment, after a while (about 2 weeks), the symptoms of the disease disappear. Chlamydia acquires chronic course, chlamydial infection, as it were, is “preserved” in the body, waiting for an opportunity to remind itself again.

What complications can chlamydia cause?

The main danger of chlamydia lies precisely in the complications that it can cause. After some time, chlamydia "get" to the prostate gland, to the seminal vesicles, causing chronic prostatitis and vesiculitis. Further chronic process extends to the epididymis, which can lead to an obstructive form of male infertility.

Chlamydia can also get on the wall of the bladder and cause hemorrhagic cystitis. Chronic inflammation of the urethra caused by chlamydia leads to the development of its narrowing (stricture). In women, chlamydial infection often causes blockage of the fallopian tubes, ectopic pregnancy, postpartum or post-abortion endometritis. Pregnancy in a patient with chlamydia often occurs with complications.

Apart from various complications relating to the genitals, chlamydia can cause damage to other organs. Then this disease will already be called Reiter's disease or syndrome. Reiter's syndrome can affect the eyes (chlamydial conjunctivitis), joints (often the ankles, knees, and spine), skin, internal organs(more often hepatitis, but almost any organs can be affected).

What is the diagnosis of chlamydia?

Diagnosis of chlamydia is more difficult than bacterial infection. Most simple methods have an accuracy of no more than 40%. most accurate and accessible method determination of chlamydia in the discharge from the urethra today is an immunofluorescence reaction (RIF) using antibodies labeled with a special substance - FITC.

How difficult is chlamydia treatment?

Due to the characteristics of chlamydia antibacterial drugs against them are not as effective as against ordinary bacteria, so the treatment of chlamydia is more complex and time-consuming. In addition to the course antibiotic therapy, it necessarily includes immunomodulatory therapy, multivitamin therapy, normalization of lifestyle, diet, refraining from sexual activity for the duration of treatment. Treatment must be carried out by both partners. At the end of the course, control tests are carried out. If chlamydia is not detected, then the tests are carried out 2 more times after 1 month (for women - before menstruation). Only after this it will be possible to talk about the effectiveness of the therapy.

What are the preventive measures for chlamydia?

Chlamydia is easier to avoid than to cure. Therefore, once again we give the rules of sexual hygiene, which will protect you from various sexually transmitted diseases:

A permanent partner you trust;

Avoiding casual sex or using a condom. However, remember that a condom is an effective, but not 100%, means of protection against sexually transmitted infections;

At the slightest suspicion of infection, consult a urologist;

Remember: an old disease is more difficult to treat.

Conversation Four "Let's talk about the flu"

Influenza is an acute infectious disease with an airborne transmission mechanism, with epidemic and pandemic (global) spread. It belongs to the group of acute respiratory viral infectious diseases (ARVI), is caused by an RNA-containing virus and is manifested by a high, but short-term fever, severe intoxication, damage to the respiratory system.

Influenza has been known since the time of Hippocrates. The name "influenza" disease received in the XIV century. The first description of influenza refers to early XVII v.

Virus - the causative agent of the disease

Viral nature influenza was established in 1918. Influenza viruses belong to the family of orthomyxoviruses. The genetic information is located in the core of the virus and consists of eight strands of ribonucleic acid (RNA), which encodes the composition of eight structural proteins.

Currently, there are three genera of orthomyxoviruses that cause influenza: A, which was first cultivated in 1939; B - in 1940 and C - in 1947. To the proteins of the virus (antigens) of the cell immune system form antibodies that inactivate the virus and prevent the recurrence of the disease. There are two surface antigens most important for antibody production: hemagglutinin, denoted by the letter H, and neuraminidase-N. The structure of virus antigens is variable: depending on their composition, serotypes, or strains, are isolated within type A.

Epidemics and Pandemics

Approximately every 20-70 years, due to the mutation of virus A, a new pandemic strain (i.e., a strain that causes a global epidemic) appears, characterized by its set of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Virus A also infects some animals, such as waterfowl and pigs, which are believed to be the source of the new pandemic strain, which usually appears in rural areas of China. Influenza epizootics (epidemics in animals) are not described in the specialized literature.

Within 2-3 years within this strain, an epidemic serotype arises, which is a variant of the virus with minor deviations in the structure of surface proteins. He calls major epidemics taking over entire countries. The first recorded influenza epidemic in history occurred in 1889, followed by the devastating pandemic of Spanish influenza A (H1N1) - "Spanish flu" - in 1918, which claimed the lives of more than 20 million people. The next A (H2N2) pandemic occurred in 1957-1958. and claimed the lives of 70 thousand people in the United States.

The last influenza A (H3N2) pandemic took place in 1968-1969, during which 34 thousand people died in the United States. The birthplace of the strain is Hong Kong. Another subtype of the A virus, which is common in our time, A (H1N1), periodically caused large epidemics, but no longer on such a scale as in 1918-1919. When the Asian influenza A (H2N2) appeared in 1957, the A (H1N1) virus disappeared. The A (H2N2) virus also disappeared when the Hong Kong virus was identified in 1968. The A(H1N1) virus reappeared in 1977 and has since been spreading along with the A(H3N2) virus.

From 5 to 15% of people in the world fall ill with influenza every year. During epidemics, up to 20-40% of the population is affected.

Source of infection. A sick person with influenza, especially before the 4-5th day of illness, recovering (up to 2-3 weeks), a healthy virus carrier (the virus is in a defective form) contains seven RNA fragments.

The transmission mechanism is airborne. Droplets of mucus when coughing and sneezing spread to a distance of 3-3.5 m. The virus can be transmitted through household items (dishes, towels, doorknobs, etc.). However, it is unstable in the external environment and is destroyed at room temperature in a few hours, quickly dies under the influence of ultraviolet rays and when dry.

Affected contingent - persons with no immunity to this variant of the virus. The incidence among children and adolescents is 4.6 times higher than among adults.

Mechanisms of the development of the disease. The virus enters the epithelial cells of the upper mucosa respiratory tract: nose, then larynx, trachea and bronchi. Toxic Substances(components of the virus, cell decay products, complexes of bacteria with viruses, biologically active substances - kinins and biogenic amines) enter the blood. Severe intoxication, fever develop; the virus enters the central nervous system, lungs, heart and skeletal muscles, where it sharply disrupts blood circulation in microvessels: capillaries expand, permeability and fragility of their walls increase, blood flow slows down, hemorrhages and edema occur. These changes cause the appearance of muscle pain, sometimes the development of inflammation of the heart muscle. May escalate ischemic disease heart disease, peptic ulcer and other chronic diseases. With the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (hyperactivation of the blood coagulation system, followed by its depletion and the development of bleeding), the risk of damage to the adrenal glands with symptoms of infectious-toxic shock increases. Recovery of uncomplicated influenza, regardless of treatment, occurs on average within 7-12 days.

Immunity, i.e. immunity to infection, appears after past illness. The production of antiviral antibodies (mainly to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) ensures the creation of specific immunity to this type and strain of the virus. In some cases, two waves of the disease are observed: first, a person is sick with influenza in mild form(due to the presence of antibodies from a previous disease), then more severe (due to lack of immunity to a new strain). In people who have had influenza A, immunity lasts an average of about 2-3 years, influenza B - 3-5 years, influenza C - for life. Immunity can be transmitted from mother to fetus and persist in the newborn until the age of 6 months.

Post-vaccination immunity is developed after 7-15 days and lasts about 4 months. (maximum up to 2 years).

Clinical picture disease. The incubation period lasts from 3-4 hours to 3 days. Clinical manifestations at different types flu are the same, except for those with influenza C, which is characterized by a predominantly mild course:

1st day: acute onset in 90-92% - chills, general weakness, fever, redness of the face, the temperature rises rapidly and in 6-12 hours reaches high numbers(38.5-40 ° C), there are pains in the muscles and joints, headache(behind the eyes, in the temples and parietal region), patients note rawness and dryness in the nasopharynx, sneezing. In the lungs, scattered dry rales are heard in 60% of patients, dullness is detected. percussion sound and tympanitis due to local plethora and edema, swelling of the substance of the interstitial tissue of the lungs, the development of emphysema. On the x-ray, there may be an increase in the pulmonary pattern, thickening of the bronchi. Heart sounds may be muffled, heart rate may not match the height of the fever (relative bradycardia);

2-3rd day: high fever persists (it is possible to decrease by the end of the second day to normal numbers), severe intoxication persists, in 70-80% catarrhal syndrome joins: serous or serous-mucous, mild discharge from the nose, a cough appears, accompanied by pain behind the sternum. Often join: hoarseness of voice, tightness in the chest, slight shortness of breath. In most patients, by the end of 2-3 days, the cough becomes wet and more rare. In 20-30% of cases, the flu occurs without a runny nose (“dry catarrh”);

4-7th day: recovery period. The temperature normalizes (more often by the end of 4 days), intoxication gradually decreases (by the 5-6th day), catarrhal phenomena persist until the 10-12th day, post-influenza asthenia, general weakness, and increased fatigue appear.

Intestinal flu. With influenza, the gastrointestinal tract does not suffer, although there may be complaints from the digestive system. This is usually incorrectly called gastritis or enteritis, possibly associated with an enterovirus infection or food intoxication accompanied by high fever.

Differential Diagnosis flu. It is carried out by a doctor with an unclear diagnosis - with acute respiratory diseases other etiology (parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial infection, rhinovirus infection, adenovirus infections, acute respiratory infections of mycoplasmal etiology), tonsillitis, ornithosis; measles enteroviral infections, typhoid fever, pneumonia. For this purpose, special examinations may be prescribed.

Early criteria for influenza severity. Be sure to contact your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms: about the severity of the flu:

unusual color face (pallor at high temperature, cyanosis, purplish coloration of the skin);

Sharp immobility, lethargy, rarely - arousal;

Severe diffuse headache, severe dizziness, fainting, insomnia;

Severe tachycardia, irregular pulse, decreased systolic ("upper") blood pressure(below 90 mm Hg);

Shortness of breath, respiratory arrhythmia, suffocation;

Vomiting in combination with any of the above symptoms;

nosebleeds;

Body temperature above 40°C.

Flu Complications. In most cases, the disease self-destructs in 7-12 days, but sometimes complications develop that can pose a threat to the life of the patient. Complications are divided into two groups: those associated directly with the course of influenza and with the addition of a second bacterial infection.

Group I (1-2 days of illness): hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, meningoencephalitis (serous), infectious-toxic shock. Children with high fever may have febrile convulsions;

II group of complications: pneumonia (most often), otitis media, glomerulonephritis, purulent meningitis and septic conditions. Bacterial complications after the patient feels better: can rise again heat, cough with sputum, chest pains, etc. appear. They can be delayed up to 1-2 weeks.

Bed rest for at least 5 days.

Plentiful hot drink, light dairy and vegetable food.

Antihistamines (diphenhydramine 0.05 g 2-3 times a day).

Vitamin C up to 1.5-3 g / day.

In children with influenza, aspirin is not prescribed, since it is possible to develop a rare specific lesion of the central nervous system- Reye's syndrome, which is manifested initially by uncontrollable vomiting and deterioration of the general condition, with mortality in 20-40% of cases. In 1984, 204 cases of this disease were described in the United States with influenza and chicken pox.

For the treatment of children, the average single dose paracetamol (regardless of dosage form- tablets or rectal suppositories) is 5-10 mg / kg of weight (daily - about 65 mg / kg) every 4-6 hours. Children under 12 years of age should not take paracetamol more than 5 times a day. Paracetamol in general safe drug than aspirin, but when used high doses possible drug damage to the liver and kidneys.

Conclusion

Teacher: From our conversation about various infectious diseases, you received qualified answers to many questions. The discussion of these problems showed that any disease is accompanied by suffering, excruciating stress, general physiological ailments and is a great danger, especially for children. The main conclusion that you must make for yourself is not to get sick! And that means being careful preventive measures, support protective functions your body, i.e. your immunity.

Remember: "A healthy doctor is not needed!"

Topic: Prevention of infectious diseases.

Target: familiarization of students with the types of infectious diseases and methods of prevention.

Tasks:

1. To acquaint students with the types of infectious diseases, the causes of epidemics, the mechanism of transmission, methods of protection against infectious diseases.

2. To improve the skills of safe behavior and actions in the foci of an infectious disease, the development of the skill of working in groups.

3. To form a sense of responsibility, cooperation skills, attentiveness, foresight.

4. Cultivate respect for one's own health.

Equipment: presentation "Infectious diseases", balloons, poster "To be healthy", pictures for riddles, mask, ball of thread.

move class hour:

1. Game "Wishes" slide 1

Let's start today by telling each other wishes for the day, and let's do it like this. The first participant will stand up, approach any other, greet him and express his wish for today. The one approached by the first participant will in turn approach the next, and so on until each of us receives a wish for the day.

2. Conversation on the topic.

Do you think you are in good health?

Look at each other and say what a healthy person looks like.

Game-competition "Who is more?"

Children name the signs that characterize a healthy person (cheerful, cheerful, energetic, clean skin, shiny hair, good dream and etc.)

Raise your hands those who Last year never got sick?

Who has never had a body temperature above 36.6? (Usually there are no such students in the class)

So, today we will talk about infectious diseases.slide 2

infectious diseases called a group of diseases that are caused by pathogens, their salient feature in that they are able to be transmitted from an infected animal and a healthy person, as well as the possibility of their mass distribution. The causative agents of infectious diseases are pathogenic microorganisms: viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, fungi and others.

Environment saturated with various microorganisms, many of which cause infectious diseases in humans. There are these carriers in the air, and in the soil, and in the water.slide 3

1.Soil

2.Water

3.Plants

4.Wild and domestic animals

5.Air

6. Insects (mites, lice, fleas, malarial mosquitoes)

There are about 1200 infectious diseases. Of course, we will not consider all of them, but we will recall only some of them.

Types of infectious diseases:

Intestinal infection - dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, etc.;

Blood infectious diseases - malaria, yellow fever (carriers are mosquitoes); typhus(lice); tick-borne encephalitis(mites); plague, flea typhus (fleas).

Scabies, fungal diseases skin;

slide 4 – There are several mechanisms of transmission of infectious diseases:

food

Water

Airborne

Contact household

Through transmitters

Slide 5-6 – signs infectious diseases

External signs infectious diseases are individual for each of them, but most are accompanied by

temperature,

chills

headache,

sometimes there is a cough, diarrhea, rash.

Slide 7 -8- Prevention of infectious diseases

PHYSMINUTKA

Flu

Listen to S. Mikhalkov's poem "Influenza".

I have a sad view - Head With morning hurts,

I sneeze, I'm hoarse. What is it?...It's the flu!

Not a ruddy flu in the forest, But a filthy flu in the nose! ..Slide 9

Flu (from fr.grippe) - an acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus. More than 2,000 influenza virus variants have been identified so far. Influenza is an extremely contagious infectious disease, dangerous for its complications: damage to the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and respiratory organs.

"Flu Symptoms" Slide 10

Heat;

Chills and weakness;

Pain and aches all over the body;

Cough;

Headache;

Runny or stuffy nose.

The flu is typical abrupt start: body temperature rises to 39 * C and above, weakness occurs, a person has chills, suffers from headaches and muscle pain. For influenza, unlike other viral infections, symptoms such as cough and runny nose do not appear immediately, but a few days after the onset of the disease.

"Routes of Infection Transmission"

The flu is transmitted through the air. The source of infection is a sick person. We become infected by inhaling the air with the smallest droplets of saliva and sputum, coughed and sneezed by sick people. This method of transmission is called the airborne route.

And also when in contact with patients with a handshake, exchanging personal hygiene items (handkerchief, towel) and other household items (dishes, telephone, pencils, toys, etc.). This path is called the contact-household path.

- Guys, look, we have hanging in the classroomBalloons. Imagine it's influenza bacteria. Flu bacteria droplets also look like balls, but they are so small that they can only be seen under a microscope. They fly through the air where there are sick people and can get to healthy people in the nose and mouth. We need to defeat the flu bacteria, and they will disappear if you tell us what to do in order not to get sick with the flu.

(Children's answers. After each child's answer, the teacher pierces one flu bacteria ball.)

"Prevention"

Today it has already been proven that the main method specific prevention influenza is a vaccine, or as we call it, a shot that stimulates the body to produce protective antibodies that prevent viruses from multiplying. Due to this, the disease is prevented even before its onset.

Personal preventive measures are of no small importance:

Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing and coughing with a handkerchief (napkin);

Avoid touching your mouth, nose, eyes;

Keep a distance when communicating, the distance between people when talking should be at least 1 meter (arm's length distance).

Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, namely hand washing is very important in prevention. Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently with soap or disinfectant.

During epidemics of influenza and colds, it is necessary:

Avoid close contact with sick people;

Limit visits to cultural events, reduce the time spent in crowded places.

Correct use a medical mask will help protect yourself from contracting viral infections. A disposable mask can be purchased at pharmacies, a cotton-gauze mask is easy to make with your own hands. Unlike a disposable mask, which can be worn for no more than 2 hours, a cotton-gauze bandage can be worn for up to 4 hours, washed and reused. It is important that a sick person wears a mask, as well as a healthy person when communicating (care) for the sick.

Influenza prevention consists in general health improvement and strengthening defensive forces organism, for this it is necessary to conduct healthy lifestyle life: See To Be Healthy poster

Well done, but this is not enough. Vitamin C will also help us fight the disease.

It is found in fruits and vegetables, and in which you will find out by guessingpuzzles:

1. Kids know this fruit,

They love to eat his monkeys.

He comes from hot countries

It grows in the tropics ... (Banana)

2. Sundress is not a sundress,

A dress is not a dress,

How are you going to undress?

You will pay enough. (Onion)

3. The head looks like a bow.

If you only chew

Even a small slice

It will smell for a very long time. (Garlic)

4. With orange skin,

Similar to a ball

But the center is not empty

And juicy and tasty. (Orange)

5. Guessing is not very easy -

This is the fruit I know -

It's not about the coconut

Not about a pear, not about a plum, -

There is still a bird

They call it the same - ... (Kiwi)

6. Far in the south somewhere

It grows in winter and summer.

Will surprise us

Thick-skinned...(Pineapple)

7. I was born to glory,

The head is white, curly.

Who loves cabbage soup -

Look for me in them. (Cabbage)

8. Two sisters are green in summer,

By autumn, one turns red, the other turns black. (Red and black currant)

8. self with cam,

Red, yellow barrel.

Touch your finger - smoothly,

And take a bite - sweet. (Apple)

9. He is almost like an orange,

Thick skinned, juicy

There is only one drawback -

Very, very sour. (Lemon)

- Well done! I hope that you follow the preventive measures and do not get sick. You are already adults, and you must take care of your own health. Try not to let in the door an uninvited guest with a foreign surname FLU! I wish you good health!

Reflection. Exercise "Tangle" slide 11

The class teacher proposes to form a circle. Each student names what he liked today, gives a brief review, says that he learned something new in the lesson, after which he passes the ball to his neighbor, and so on until the circle closes.

The last participant to whom the ball is passed is classroom teacher, he says words of gratitude to the students for their activity, gives a brief review of their activities, invites them to the next classes.

Conversation "Prevention of influenza and SARS"

date ___________

Influenza is an acute respiratory viral infection that has a worldwide distribution, affects all age groups people.

Influenza and SARS account for 95% of all infectious diseases.

How does infection occur?

Getting on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, the virus is introduced into their epithelial cells, penetrates into the bloodstream and causes intoxication. Conditions are created for the activation of other types of bacteria, as well as for the penetration of new bacteria from the outside, causing a secondary infection - pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media, exacerbation of chronic diseases, the heart and joints may suffer.

Who is the source of the infection?

The only source and spreader of infection is a sick person. The main route of spread of influenza viruses from person to person is airborne infection when talking, coughing, sneezing. The spread of influenza viruses can also occur through household contact if the sick person and those around him do not follow the rules of personal hygiene, including the use of common subjects care (towel, handkerchiefs, dishes, etc.) that are not processed and disinfected. It must be remembered that the infection is easily transmitted through dirty hands. Special observations have shown that up to 300 times a day hands come into contact with discharge from the nose and eyes, with saliva. When shaking hands, through door handles, other objects, viruses pass to the hands of healthy people, and from there to their nose, eyes, mouth.

How does the flu manifest itself?

In typical cases, the disease begins suddenly: the temperature rises to 38 - 40 degrees, chills, severe headache, dizziness, pain in eyeballs and muscles, lacrimation and pain in the eyes.

What to do if you get sick?

At the first symptoms, you should consult a doctor. Observe bed rest and follow all doctor's recommendations. Self-medication for influenza is unacceptable. After all, it is impossible to predict the course of the flu, and complications can be very different.

How to protect yourself from the flu?

Most effective remedy in the prevention of influenza - vaccination. Every person who cares about their health and the health of others needs vaccination. Timely vaccination reduces the incidence of influenza several times, softens the course of the disease, reduces its duration, and prevents complications. The flu shot is best done in October-November, when the epidemic has not yet begun. Immunity is developed approximately 2 weeks. Vaccination during an epidemic is also effective, but in the period before the development of immunity (7-15 days after vaccination), it is necessary to carry out prophylaxis by other means.

It must be remembered that any medicine in the treatment of influenza causes adverse reactions, which are not comparable with acceptable reactions to vaccination. In addition, with preventive purpose antiviral drugs must be used throughout the entire period of the epidemic, which, if long-term use reduces their effectiveness and contributes to the formation of drug-resistant forms of the virus.

• Wash your hands regularly and thoroughly with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.
• Avoid touching your nose and mouth with your hands. The infection spreads in this way.
• Cover your mouth and nose disposable handkerchief when sneezing or coughing. Throw the handkerchief in the trash after use.
• Use individual or disposable towels.
• Try to avoid close contact with people with flu-like symptoms (if possible, keep a distance of about 1 meter from them).
• Regularly ventilate the premises, carry out wet cleaning.
• Avoid both hypothermia and overheating.
• During the epidemic of influenza and SARS, it is not recommended to actively use urban public transport and go to visit.
• In case of influenza and SARS, stay at home, call a doctor. Avoid contact with other family members as much as possible, wear a medical mask, observe the rules of personal hygiene. This is necessary so as not to infect others and not spread the virus infection.

It should be remembered that compliance with all preventive measures will protect against influenza and its adverse effects.

Conversation on the topic:

"Prevention of colds and viral diseases"

Target: form value attitude to your health, to expand knowledge about colds in order to prevent them; introduce health measures.

Lesson progress:

1. Organizing time.

Hello guys! Today we will talk about colds and viral diseases.

What do you think it means to be healthy? Who is responsible for human health? Why is a person sick? (Conversation with children)

2.Course progress.

Colds are familiar to everyone. Catching a cold is easy. It is worth getting supercooled in the wind or freezing at a bus stop, and the very next day, or even earlier, the infection will manifest itself in the form of a headache, runny nose, elevated temperature. Also, the main symptoms of this disease include cough, sore throat, stuffy reddened nose, weakness, etc.

Sometimes it is not necessary to overcool: a viral infection can “trap” in transport, shopping malls and others in public places. It is very easy to catch a cold in small children, people with low immunity, especially those suffering from chronic diseases, the elderly, and people who have recently had any illness.

Influenza is a severe viral infection that affects both adults and children. It is caused directly by the influenza virus.

Flu symptoms: at first, the flu may resemble common cold: the patient sneezes, he has a runny nose and a sore throat. But a cold comes on gradually, and the flu in most cases starts suddenly. The patient usually feels much heavier than with a cold.

Causes of the flu: Influenza viruses are released into the air when a sick person sneezes, coughs, or talks. You breathe in these droplets, or the flu virus can get on your hands through objects, such as through doorknobs, a telephone receiver, or a computer keyboard, and then into your eyes, nose, or mouth.

Measures to prevent colds and viral diseases:

Wearing masks during an epidemic will protect against infection;

Reception vitamin preparations, stimulating the production of the body's defenses, the use of fruit and vegetable juices, balanced diet, sports, walking fresh air strengthen immunity;

During the epidemic, you should not visit crowded places;

It is important to observe personal hygiene (washing hands, dishes, oral care);

In case of signs of illness, consult a doctor.

An influenza epidemic occurs every year, usually during the cold season. Annual vaccination against the flu will protect you from this seasonal epidemic disease.

3. Practical work: Drawing up a memo-drawing for the prevention of colds and flu.

Tasks: remind about the need to observe the rules of personal hygiene; to provide basic knowledge about the prevention of infectious diseases.
Lesson progress:

1. Questioning children on knowledge of the rules of personal hygiene.
2. The story about infectious diseases("diseases of dirty hands").
3. A conversation about prevention methods (to develop a memo with the children).
4. Bottom line: what needs to be done to protect yourself?
5. Each student completes a questionnaire.
   QUESTIONNAIRE
6. Write the basic rules of personal hygiene.
7. How many times a day should you brush your teeth and at what time.
8. When should you wash your hands.
9. When to change clothes.
10. Remember and write down the “safe food rules”.

Did you know that Korney Chukovsky wrote the famous "Moydodyr" for his little daughter, who did not like to wash her hands. Today, this tale is very relevant, because, according to our scientists, 90% of people do not always wash their hands before eating. And it becomes main reason acute intestinal infections.

From intestinal infections Around 3 million children die every year worldwide infancy. These diseases are among the most common. There is not a single country where people do not suffer from dysentery, salmonellosis, colienteritis and other acute intestinal infections. However, all these diseases can be prevented.

Intestinal infections are a whole group of contagious diseases that primarily damage digestive tract. In total, there are more than 30 such diseases. Of these, the most harmless is the so-called food poisoning, and the most dangerous is cholera.

The causative agents of intestinal infections can be: bacteria (salmonellosis, dysentery, cholera), their toxins (botulism), and viruses (enterovirus).

What belongs to this group of diseases? First of all, acute intestinal infectious diseases include dysentery, salmonellosis, intestinal infections caused by a variety of conditionally pathogenic flora. This group of diseases is characterized by the penetration of infectious agents through the mouth and active reproduction in gastrointestinal tract. Microbes of this group are distinguished by high survival in the external environment. So, for example, pathogens of dysentery can persist in the soil - up to 3 months, on food - for several days, in water - up to 2 months, and in milk and dairy products, pathogens not only persist, but are also able to multiply; however, when heated to 60 degrees, they die after 10 minutes, when boiled - immediately, in disinfectant solutions– within a few minutes.

From patients and carriers of infection, microbes are isolated into external environment with feces, vomit, sometimes with urine. Almost all pathogens of intestinal infections are extremely tenacious. They are ways to exist for a long time in soil, water, and even on various objects. For example, on spoons, plates, door handles and furniture, computer keyboard. Gut microbes are not afraid of the cold, but still prefer to live where it is warm and humid. They multiply especially quickly in dairy products, minced meat, jelly, jelly, and also in water (especially in summer).