Cystitis is a consequence of development inflammatory process in the bladder. If it manifests itself in acute form, it is impossible to ignore the symptoms without attention. Can the medical history of “acute cystitis” be the same for all patients with a similar diagnosis? What similar features of lifestyle and disease development do doctors observe in such patients?

Symptoms

The main thing that distinguishes this form of the disease is the imposition of a large number of symptoms at the same time. All signs do not appear incrementally, but arise almost spontaneously, out of nowhere, at once. This is very frightening for patients experiencing the disease for the first time. So, what symptoms may appear:

1. Increased body temperature. Its values ​​can reach up to 38 and even 40 degrees. In this case, the patient feels general weakness, chills, and increased sweating. An increase in temperature during acute cystitis indicates a significant degree of intoxication of the body.
2. Frequent urination with sharp cutting pain. If the frequency of urination itself occurs in many people, including after heavy salty food, then here the degree of the symptom is much higher. It is simply impossible not to suspect the infectious nature of such a condition.
3. The urine becomes cloudy, dark, and may contain droplets of blood. Typically, this symptom is noted by women, since blood particles remain on the toilet paper. A decrease in urine clarity occurs due to an increase in the level of white blood cells and epithelial cells.

Why does acute cystitis appear?

If this is inflammation, then the cause must be infection with bacteria, viruses or fungi of the genitourinary organs. But in the case of acute cystitis, there must be a combination of several provoking factors that significantly contribute to the development of the disease:

1. Working for long periods of time in a sitting position.
2. Improper genital hygiene, we're talking about even about a one-time violation of standards.
3. Consumption of hot, spicy, smoked foods or alcoholic beverages, as well as a combination of these products. That is why acute cystitis is very often recorded in patients after holidays, corporate events or friendly gatherings.
4. Severe hypothermia of the body.
5. Injury to the urethra and bladder. The patient needs to remember if he has recently fallen or hit his genitourinary organs.
6. Prolonged failure to go to the toilet to urinate. Thus, the diagnosis of acute cystitis can be made after a trip where the patient was not able to urinate normally when the bladder was full. In this case, the ureter expands, and bacteria easily rise up the genitourinary system.
7. Constipation. When the body is unable to perform a bowel movement, a huge mass of bacteria accumulates in the large intestine. Thin mucosa is not always able to protect organs in the immediate vicinity, and acute cystitis is the result of such a disruption in the functioning of the digestive tract.
8. Immunodeficiency conditions of the body, as well as other diseases of the patient. Any disease takes away part of the body’s own potential, and the body is no longer able to fight all illnesses at once. Even fungus on the nail undermines the immune system and can cause acute cystitis in the patient.

Diagnosis of acute cystitis: how to do it correctly

At acute pain in the lower abdomen, the patient should immediately call an ambulance. You can see a therapist in a hospital only if there is no queue to see a doctor and the patient does not have a fever. In all other cases, heroism can turn out badly! Ideally, it is better to immediately go to see a urologist, but the medical histories of patients with acute cystitis usually describe a long walk from the general practitioner to other specialists - a gynecologist, a gastroenterologist.

What should the doctor do? First, fill out the patient’s medical history, namely, collect complaints, clarify the place of work and practiced lifestyle, the presence bad habits and other pathologies. This is necessary to compile a general clinical picture. Most likely, the patient will be a fan of sitting in front of a monitor or TV screen, undemanding in choosing the quality of food and body hygiene products, and also a rare visitor to hospital institutions, even when unpleasant symptoms and ailments.

Secondly, the doctor will examine the patient’s genitourinary organs. Now you can see swelling, redness, and local hyperemia. Thirdly, a qualified specialist will refer such a patient to undergo rapid urine tests - general, bacterial culture and the Nechiporenko method. Express tests are necessary to quickly determine the reasons, because in the couple of days that the result is usually prepared, the patient’s condition may worsen. Unfortunately, not every clinic has such capabilities, but when a patient is admitted by ambulance, such quick results of the patient’s condition are considered standard.

It is advisable to do ultrasound diagnostics genitourinary organs in order to understand their structure, see changes in the condition of the tissue and the size of the organs.

How is acute cystitis treated?

In the vast majority of cases, patients are immediately sent to hospital for treatment. Fever and increased symptoms of the disease do not allow him to take care of himself on his own. The main treatment is taking antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. In the first days of the patient’s admission, medications are tried to be administered intravenously to speed up the admission process. active ingredients into the blood and eliminate their harm to the stomach of patients who experience a decrease in appetite during this period.

Droppers with saline solution will help remove toxins from the body, but it is intoxication that causes a strong increase in temperature. Gradually the patient's condition improves. After 7-9 days of the patient’s stay in the hospital, he may be asked to continue treatment on an outpatient basis, under the supervision of the attending urologist.

After completing the main course of treatment, the doctor may close sick leave. The patient coped with acute cystitis, but it is too early to talk about a complete recovery forever. After some time, it is necessary to take tests again and check the condition of the genitourinary organs in order to avoid the progression of the disease to chronic stage. If the results show the absence of bacteria, the medical history for the patient with acute cystitis can be considered closed.

In the effective provision of assistance to patients with acute cystitis, assistance plays an important role. nurse. Proper patient care helps speed up the healing process.

Nursing care plan for cystitis

The responsibilities of a nurse consist of:

1. Knowledge of complaints and symptoms of diseases urinary system.
2. Taking anamnesis. Listen to the patient, clarify the condition: is there pain, has the color of urine changed, is urination impaired.
3. Knowledge of research methods. The nurse prepares the patient for the examination, explains the tactics, and explains the rules for collecting tests.
4. Knowledge of the psycho-emotional characteristics of patients.
5. Teaching the basics of proper toileting. Teach hygiene rules and remind them to drink frequently.
6. Filling out accompanying documents, walk-through sheets, magazines, medical records.

Irina 30 years old:“The only remedy that helped defeat chronic cystitis is a must!”

The work of medical personnel will be facilitated by establishing a trusting relationship with the patient. In order for a person to recover faster, a positive attitude is necessary. Severe pain can lead to depression, refusal to further treatment. The nurse should help cope with this, prevent the patient from leaving the hospital without permission, and explain the importance of completing the full course of treatment.

The patient must comply bed rest, stay warm. Place a warm heating pad on your lower abdomen. You can also take a warm sitz bath. Compliance with dietary nutrition and drinking regimen is the key to successful and rapid recovery of the patient.

Nursing care for cystitis in children

In addition to the standard ones, a pediatric nurse has a number of responsibilities:

1. She must inform parents about the causes of the disease, the characteristics of its course, possible forecasts little patient.
2. Provide the child with bed rest, help him adapt to new conditions and stay in the ward.
3. Teach parents the rules of hygiene and tell them how to properly collect urine for testing. Explain future manipulations during diagnostic procedures. Show your child the office and the tools with which manipulations are possible.
4. Teach parents the basics of dietary nutrition. Explain the need to drink plenty of fluids.
5. Maintain a child's positive mood.
6. Explain to parents the need for regular examinations after discharge.

The nurse is always in close contact with the baby and his parents. Provides great assistance in informing about the child’s condition, its procedures and further treatment.

She must know all the rules of care and be able to perform procedures prescribed by the doctor. And also answer questions that arise, explain the need for future monitoring of the child. Properly organized care, dietary nutrition and drinking regimen will prevent recurrence of the disease in the future.

Ecomural, quite effective, but not very famous medicine, which treats infectious diseases of the urethra.

Before you buy a drug, you need to know its composition, indications and side effects. If you do not pay enough attention to studying the antibiotic, it may be ineffective.

Composition and properties

Ecomural is a new and popular drug that treats inflammatory processes of the urethra. Doctors recommend it as a substance for cystitis. It contains the antibiotic fosfomycin, and as an additional substance the prebiotic lactose.

One Ecofomural package contains:

• 5.6 g Fosfomycin,
• 1.5 g lactulose,
• 0.016 g Sodium Saccharinate,
• 0.07 mg Flavor,
• 8 g Maltitol.

This antibiotic fights infection that has entered the body, trying to destroy its walls.

Release form.

The medicine is produced in the form of granules white, which must be taken orally. It smells like strawberries.

It should be remembered that this drug should not be used in parallel with those medications that contain:

• Calcium salt,
• Antacid,
• Metoclopramide,
• Substances that promote evasion of gastrointestinal motility.

If this warning is not taken into account, then the concentration of fosfomycin in the blood and urine will decrease and the drug will not have the desired effect on the body.

Indications for use

This drug is prescribed to those who have bacterial infection in the urinary canals, these include:

• Acute cystitis or others serious illnesses urinary tract,
• Asymptomatic bacteriuria,
• Preventive actions for the urethra, after surgery or other diagnostic tests.

Basically, this substance is used for cystitis, since this is the most common disease in both men and women.

Instructions for use

Ecofural is consumed once a day, three hours before or after a meal. It is preferable to drink it before bedtime, while having an empty bladder. The medicine is diluted with warm water, about a quarter glass of liquid.

Doctors prescribe for children different dosage this drug. The duration of treatment is one day.

If you do not follow the instructions for use, a person may experience diarrhea, vestibular syndrome, hearing loss and dulling of taste buds.

Contraindications and side effects

Like every drug, Ecofomural has contraindications, namely:

1. Allergy or severe sensitivity to the main components of the drug.
2. Children under five years old.
3. Having severe liver failure.
4. For those who have a small amount of sucrose.
5. Allergy to fructose.
6. Pregnant women.
7. During lactation.

Very rarely, a patient taking this drug may experience side effects. These include:

• Nausea, heartburn, loose stools, vomiting and severe abdominal pain.
• Tachycardia and decreased blood pressure.
• Migraine, asthenia, dizziness and optic neuritis.
• Leukopenia, thrombocytosis.
• Allergies, rash, itching, asthma, urticaria.

Some may have several side effects simultaneously. In any case, if you notice any changes in your physical condition, you need to urgently consult a doctor.

Conclusions and reviews from men

Basically, all men are very satisfied with the effect of Ecofomural, since it quickly exerts its effect on the body, due to which it is highly effective.

Infectious diseases of the urinary system are best treated with this medicine, as many patients have become convinced of.

Analogues of the drug

Since the price of Ecomural is not suitable for everyone, people are looking for similar analogues that have the same effect as this drug.

Significant substitutions of substances can be divided into two groups:

1. Analogues of action (Monural, Fosmitsin, Urofoscin, Fosforal Roifarm, etc.).
2. Analogs that provide similar effect(Alphacet, Oxamp, Monural, Panclave, Rapiclav, etc.)

In frequent cases, men prefer medications such as monural or ecomural. It is impossible to say unequivocally what is better, since each person has his own characteristics of the body and what suits one is not a fact that it will please another.

Additional information about the drug

The medicine can only be purchased if you have a prescription written by a doctor. It should be stored in a dry and dark place, at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. The antibiotic is good for two years. Make sure that children do not have any access to it.

Do not forget that Ecomural has contraindications and side effects, so be very careful when using this antibiotic.

Due to life circumstances, a person often cannot see a doctor immediately after feeling unwell. And a disease such as cystitis has an acute onset with quite pronounced pain and other unpleasant symptoms.

To alleviate your condition before visiting a urologist or therapist, first aid for cystitis is necessary.

If the symptoms are mild, then following the rules of nutrition, drinking regimen and using recipes will be sufficient. traditional medicine to relieve the first manifestations of the disease, but with severe pain and fever without medications and urgent help a doctor is indispensable.

At the first signs of cystitis, it is necessary to adjust your diet and the amount of fluid consumed, and, if possible, ensure physical rest. This will reduce irritation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, as well as reduce the concentration of urine and the number of pathogens contained in it.

Nutrition

The following items are prohibited during treatment: spices, smoked meats, marinades, pickles, fried and fatty foods. At the same time, it is recommended to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, especially such as zucchini, carrots, cucumbers, watermelons, melons, etc.

Drink

The amount of fluid you drink is directly related to the speed of recovery and reducing the risk of inflammation spreading.

The daily amount of liquid should not be less than 2 liters. This will significantly reduce the concentration of salts in the urine, due to which the painful sensations When urinating, as well as physically, most of the pathogenic microflora that causes cystitis will be “washed out”.

The most preferred drinks for first aid for cystitis are:

• with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect(fruit drinks from lingonberries and cranberries, freshly prepared juices, horsetail decoction, chamomile infusion, etc.);
• with a diuretic effect ( kidney tea, decoction lingonberry leaf, cucumber juice, green tea etc.);
• increasing the immune response (freshly prepared fruit and vegetable juices, rosehip and hawthorn decoction, etc.).

The total volume of liquid is divided into equal portions and consumed at approximately equal intervals (usually it is enough to drink half a glass every 30-40 minutes).

Warm

To relieve pain, localized heating can be used (a heating pad on the bladder and pubic area).

Heat acts like antispasmodic, relaxing the muscles of the urethra. This quick relief method helps reduce pain when urinating and promotes complete emptying of the bladder.

Traditional medicine recipes

Cystitis is infectious disease, that is, inflammation appears due to the activity of pathogenic microbes. Most often it is Escherichia coli, staphylococcus, mycoplasma, less often the disease is fungal in nature. Therefore, folk remedies can only be used as first aid for acute cystitis to partially relieve symptoms or be part of a complex of auxiliary and restorative therapy.

Horsetail

For 1 liter of boiling water you need 2 tablespoons of plant material. The broth is boiled over moderate heat for 10 minutes, after which it is infused (35-40 minutes) and filtered. You need to consume it every hour, 100-150 ml.

Horsetail accelerates the regeneration of mucosal cells, which will help shorten the period of exacerbation. Horsetail decoction also has a slight analgesic effect. But during pregnancy, as well as with kidney nephritis of any nature this remedy contraindicated.

Lingonberry leaves

Besides minerals and vitamins, the leaves of this plant in large quantities contain tannins. This explains the pronounced anti-inflammatory effect after their use.

Lingonberry leaves in the amount of 2 teaspoons are placed in boiling water (250-300 ml), reduce the heat and boil for another 10 minutes. After this, the broth is filtered and its volume is again brought to its original volume by adding boiled water.
You need to take the product in small portions throughout the day. The daily volume of such a product can reach 500-600 ml.

You can use the decoction during pregnancy and lactation.

Herbal collection

Sage, succession, leaves black currant you need to take it in a ratio of 1:2:2. Measure 2 tablespoons from the resulting mixture and pour boiling water (1 liter) into them. It is better to infuse the decoction in a thermos for 10-12 hours, after which the mixture should be strained and taken 100 ml 4 times a day.

Cranberries and lingonberries

Perhaps these are the berries without which not a single case of cystitis treatment can be done. It is better to always have a supply of dried or frozen berries at home.
If used fresh berries, then fruit drinks are made from them - the fruits are crushed or crushed until the juice is actively released. Then the mixture is poured warm water, the amount of which depends on the patient’s taste preferences.

Decoctions are made from dry raw materials - pour boiling water over the berries and let them brew until they are completely swollen. After this, it is also recommended to crush them a little so that all the vitamins and microelements are released into the decoction.

You can consume such drinks throughout the day in almost unlimited quantities.

St. John's wort

The flowers and leaves of this plant have an analgesic, healing, diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect. To treat cystitis, a decoction based on dry raw materials is used.

Dried leaves of the plant (1 tablespoon) are placed in a glass or enamel bowl and filled with 500 ml of water. After boiling, the broth should remain on low heat for another 10 minutes. Then it is left to infuse for 40-60 minutes, filtered and consumed 100 ml 3 times a day before meals.

The course of such therapy lasts 7-10 days. More long-term use undesirable due to the presence of small amounts of toxic compounds in St. John's wort.

Traditional medicine recipes should be used only as auxiliary therapy and emergency methods to relieve symptoms against the background of primary antibacterial treatment.

Drug therapy

When treating cystitis it is necessary integrated approach, which is achieved by simultaneous administration of drugs from several groups that help against cystitis:

• antibiotics;
• antispasmodics;
• uroseptics and drugs with a diuretic effect (usually herbal products);
• medications for relief additional symptoms(painkillers, antipyretics, immunomodulators, etc.).

Antibiotics

Treatment of cystitis in the vast majority of cases requires the use of antibiotics. But which group of drugs is needed in each specific case can only be determined by a doctor based on the results of urine culture. Therefore, independent choice antibacterial drugs unacceptable.

IN in rare cases when testing is impossible for some reason, the doctor prescribes antibiotics wide range actions that help fight most pathogens of cystitis.

The most common antibacterial drugs are:

• norfloxacin;
• fosfomycin;
• monural;
• nolicin;
• augmentin;
• palin.

Depending on the pharmacodynamics, the duration of the treatment course can be from 3 to 7 days. It is necessary to fully follow the instructions so as not to create conditions for the emergence of pathogen resistance to the drug, as well as for the disease to become chronic.

Antispasmodics

The use of drugs with this effect is necessary for quick fix spasm of the urethra and bladder muscles.

For cystitis in women and men, the most commonly used drugs are:

• No-shpa;
• Drotaverine;
• Platyfillin;
• Papaverine.

The products can be produced in the form of tablets, rectal suppositories or solutions for intramuscular administration.

Uroseptics

Typically, these drugs include complex-action drugs. In addition to the antimicrobial and diuretic effect, they also promote the regeneration of mucosal cells, relieving its inflammation.

The most popular preparations based on herbal raw materials are:

• Uroprofit;
• Cyston;
• Monurel;
• Canephron;
• Phytolysin;
• Urolesan.

With a minimum of contraindications and side effects, they effectively relieve most of the unpleasant symptoms of cystitis.

Diuretics

Narrowly targeted drugs with a diuretic effect are rarely used and only in cases where it is impossible to achieve this effect by more gentle means (increased intake of liquid, decoctions, fruit drinks, etc.). Independent choice and reception medicines with a diuretic effect is unacceptable, since in some cases the patient’s condition may sharply worsen (for example, with potassium deficiency). When treating cystitis, doctors prefer Lasix and Furosemide.

Medicines to relieve additional symptoms

At severe pain It is possible to take painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Analgin, Ibuklin, Nurofen, Faspik, Baralgin).
As maintenance and rehabilitation therapy, drugs with an immunostimulating effect are used - Cycloferon, Genferon and Methyluracil.
Help for acute cystitis with a pronounced increase in body temperature (>38.2 degrees) consists of supplementing therapy with antipyretic drugs (Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Panadol, Paracetamol, etc.).

Many of the drugs for the treatment of cystitis are contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as in childhood. In this case, emergency medical attention is required.

Action plan for the first signs of cystitis

First, you need to take 1-2 tablets of antispasmodics. This is a peculiar ambulance for cystitis to relieve pain.

Secondly, take 2 liters of water and warm it up a little (drinking warm liquid significantly increases the rate of its absorption). You need to drink little and often - 100-200 ml every 30 minutes. It is better if part of the liquid is used to prepare fruit drinks (cranberry or lingonberry) and herbal teas.

Thirdly, you need to ensure physical rest and apply a heating pad or other vessel with warm water to the bladder area.

If your body temperature is above 38.2 degrees, you need to take an antipyretic.

If there is noticeable blood in the urine or the body temperature does not drop below 38.5 degrees even after taking an antipyretic, you must call an emergency team.

And the main action in the treatment of bladder inflammation is to contact a specialist (urologist or therapist).

What not to do with cystitis

Drinks containing dyes, alcohol, coffee and strong tea are prohibited.

It is better to exclude solid food from the menu, replacing it with puree soups and boiled porridges.

It is better to replace taking a bath with a shower, since when the lumbar region is heated, there is a high probability of infection spreading upward from the bladder to the ureters and kidneys.

Cystitis, although not life-threatening dangerous disease, but still needs careful and complete treatment. If you fight only the symptoms, the process will become chronic, which is fraught with the occurrence of constant relapses and the appearance of an inflammatory process in the kidneys.

Doctors state that urethritis is one of the most common diseases genitourinary system. Urethritis in equally Both men and women can get sick, although in the fairer sex this disease almost always provokes cystitis. Because of this, urethritis as an independent disease is more often diagnosed in men.

Varieties and reasons

Urethritis can be caused various complications in the body, ranging from infectious infection and ending with mechanical damage to the urethra. The doctor prescribes treatment for urethritis based on the cause of the disease.

The causative agent of urethritis is various kinds of bacteria and viruses, which most often end up in urethra during sexual intercourse. Symptoms of urethritis may also appear if personal hygiene rules are not followed.

Sometimes pathogens are delivered to the urethra through blood vessels from inflamed organs and areas of the body. In addition, damage to the urethra can cause urethritis.

In rare cases, inflammation of the urethra occurs as a reaction of the body to allergens. Taking this into account, doctors distinguish between infectious and non-infectious urethritis.

Basic drugs

Treatment of the disease is carried out using the following drugs:

• antibiotics;
• immunomodulators;
• homeopathic remedies;
• herbal remedies.

To assign correct treatment, it is important to accurately determine the cause of urethritis. But there are cases when doctors find it difficult to say why exactly the development of the disease began. Urethritis is called nonspecific if it is caused by microorganisms other than chlamydia, gonococci, trichomonas, herpes virus and mycoplasma.

Nonspecific urethritis - the least studied urological disease, therefore, certain difficulties may arise in its diagnosis and treatment. Often, antibiotics prescribed to a patient with nonspecific urethritis do not give the desired result.

Treatment of infectious urethritis

Practice shows that infectious urethritis caused by the entry of specific microorganisms into the body is best treated.

Antibiotics are a universal medicine

It is enough to identify the causative agent of the disease and prescribe antibiotics to the patient that are active against this type of microorganism. For example, aminocaproic acid, Ericicline and Trichopolum are suitable for the treatment of trichomoniasis, and deoxyribonuclease and doxycycline are suitable for the treatment of gonorrhea and chlamydia.

To combat bacteria introduced into the urethra from the intestines, fluoroquinolines, cephalosporins, Amoxiclav and ampicillin are used.

For gonorrhea, they are injected into the urethra. antiseptic solutions. In each case, the dose of the medicine is calculated individually based on the characteristics of the patient’s body. Sometimes antibiotics cause side effects, and then the patient must take drugs that can block the unwanted effects of the drugs. Additionally, the doctor prescribes immunotherapy drugs.

Complications

Often, urethritis in women develops against the background of thrush, and then instead of antibiotics it is necessary to use all kinds of antifungal agents, including miconazole and ketoconazole.

Sometimes the doctor allows you to combine antibiotics with herbal decoctions intended for rinsing the outlet of the urethra.

If urethritis is combined with cystitis, the patient needs complex treatment from two diseases at once. If prostatitis is detected, then urethritis does not need to be treated, but treatment of prostatitis should be started immediately.

Treatment of non-infectious urethritis

Non-infectious urethritis cannot be cured with antibiotics. As mentioned above, the causes of non-infectious urethritis are varied, ranging from allergic reactions to damage to the urethra.

Diet

If urethritis is not caused by an infection, the patient must adhere to a strict diet, eliminating foods that irritate the urinary tract. These are broths alcoholic drinks and beer, herbs and spices, onions, radishes and radishes, spinach and sorrel. For any type of urethritis, the patient needs to drink a lot of water.

In addition, fermented milk products are useful. But smoking is not recommended.

Antibiotics or surgery?

Local treatment is carried out using antibacterial agents general action, including Romazulan, Vagotil, potassium permanganate, Miramistin. Antibacterial drugs Abaktal, Amoxiclav, Ciprofloxacin are intended for oral administration.

The patient also needs to take immunomodulators Uro-Vax, Cycloferon and Phlogenzyme and herbal medicines based on horsetail and field artichoke.

Sometimes non-infectious urethritis is accompanied by persistent narrowing of the urethra, and then surgical intervention is necessary. If the patient is sick with purulent prostatitis, then the process of opening and draining the abscess will have to be performed.

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Cystitis is especially dangerous during gestation due to the risk of infection spreading through the placenta.

Acute cystitis is an inflammation of the mucous epithelium inside the bladder with a rapid spontaneous course and a gradual increase in pathological symptoms. Diagnosis of the disease is usually not difficult; women and men independently determine the unpleasant symptoms.

The duration of treatment takes 10-14 days, depending on the nature of the inflammation, but after 3-4 days the intensity of symptoms decreases significantly.

Predisposing factors

The main factor in the inflammatory process is infection with E. coli and other bacteria: coccus bacilli, Proteus, Klebsiella. Cystitis can be caused by a fungal infection of the genital organs. Pathogenic media penetrate into the bladder through descending (from the renal structures) and ascending routes (for example, the urethra, perianal space).

Acute cystitis in men occurs much less frequently, which is due to the anatomical nuances of the structure of the urinary organs. Women have a wide and short urethra, so the infection penetrates more quickly to the bladder cavity.

Others include:

• trauma to the bladder cavity;
• disturbance of the urodynamic background;
• metabolic disorders;
• decrease in the body's immune forces;
• vaginal dysbiosis;
• lack of hygienic discipline.

Pay attention! All factors that can in one way or another contribute to the penetration of infectious agents into the bladder and the exacerbation of cystitis can be direct and indirect. Acute cystitis is common in women independent process, and in men it is usually secondary in nature to prostatitis.

Symptomatic complex

All symptoms are associated with irritation of the inner epithelial layer of the urinary tract. Normally, a healthy bladder begins to signal the brain to empty when it is filled to half its capacity. Violation of this process is another sign of the disease.

With inflamed tissues, excitation begins when it is slightly filled. That is why a frequent symptom is the urge when the bladder is slightly full. Others clinical symptoms believe:

• nagging pain even at rest;
• cutting pain when emptying the urinary cavity;
• general malaise;
• increased body temperature;
• urinary incontinence.

Important! Acute cystitis is often accompanied by hematuria syndrome, when blood appears in the urine. Along with hematuria, there is development iron deficiency anemia. Children are often diagnosed with nephritis and pyelonephritis, which arise through an ascending route of infection.

Therapeutic process

How to treat inflammation in the bladder? The treatment process involves drug intervention, minimally invasive medical procedures - instillation and douching. The main drugs for the treatment of cystitis are:

1. Antibiotics. The main treatment is the prescription of antibiotics to suppress pathogenic activity bacterial microflora. Popular drugs are Monural, Palin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Suprax, Levomycetin.
2. Antiseptic drugs (uroantiseptics). Medications are prescribed to prevent the spread of bacterial media throughout the body. Among known means especially highlight, Furamag, Nitroxoline.
3. Antispasmodics. This group of drugs is necessary to reduce the tone of the smooth muscles of the bladder. Spastic drugs are prescribed with caution, since anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs have some doses of similar substances. Popular remedies are Drotaverine or No-shpa, Papaverine, Spazmalgon.
4. Iron-containing. The drugs are effective for minor bleeding to compensate for iron deficiency anemia. At acute treatment carried out in a hospital setting. Together with them they are appointed vitamin complexes. Popular drugs consider Maltofer, Ferrum-Lek, Sorbifer, Ascorutin, Vikasol, calcium preparations, tranexamic and aminocaproic acids.
5. Painkillers. Medicines are required for relief pain syndrome against the background of acute cystitis. Methyluracil, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Cystatin are usually prescribed.

Popular for symptomatic treatment cystitis are vaginal suppositories. This dosage form provides instant penetration active substances inside the vagina and bladder cavity. Popular drugs are Diflucan, Hexicon, Polygynax, Betadine, Cystatin.

What to do if triggered by a fungal infection? If the cause of the inflammatory process is fungal infection, then treatment is first carried out antifungal drugs and only then are antibacterial agents prescribed.

Pay attention! Symptomatic therapy is always short-term and is used until atypical symptoms subside. General course treatment usually does not exceed 14 days.

Folk remedies

Clinicians do not recommend use traditional methods treatment for several reasons. Firstly, first therapeutic effect can only be observed after 5-7 days of regular use, which is not suitable for acute form cystitis. Secondly, inadequate treatment (warming, douching) can aggravate infectious process, lead to serious complications.

The effectiveness of traditional medicine is noted as an auxiliary therapy against the background of primary treatment. Popular recipes at home are considered:

• a decoction of berries and leaves of cranberries, lingonberries (the product has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and diuretic effect);
• a decoction of chamomile and St. John's wort (an anti-inflammatory natural remedy);
• honey, water tincture of propolis, garlic (natural antibacterial agents).

Herbal decoctions can be used as warm douches for 2-3 days traditional treatment acute cystitis. Otherwise, the risk of spreading infection increases neighboring organs. If there is active inflammation and an increase in body temperature, warming up or any thermal procedures are unacceptable.

However, effective folk remedy Associated with heat is a hot stone. To do this, stones or one large stone are heated in the oven (on a stove), placed in a bucket, a towel is wrapped around the rim of the container and the patient is seated.

Pay attention! The duration of the procedure is 15-20 minutes 2 times a day. After the manipulation, you should administer antibacterial suppositories, warm underpants and go to bed. The very next day, women feel a significant improvement. Dry heat rarely leads to complications.

Diet features

Diet plays an important role in the treatment of acute cystitis. In some patients, irritation of the bladder walls occurs due to increased acidity of urine as a result of eating citrus fruits, sour and spicy foods, and spices. During cystitis, it is prohibited to eat the following foods:

• All sour fruits, berries;
• alcoholic drinks of any strength;
• black coffee, strong tea;
• strong spices.

At the same time, you should minimize the amount of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. This is useful for reducing the load on the urinary system. The diet can be followed throughout the course of treatment.

Be sure to follow plenty of drinking regime. Unsweetened fruit drinks, compotes, pure water, green tea, and rose hip decoction are ideal drinks. Warm drinking accelerates the removal of pathogenic media from the body. An increase in daily fluid is possible in the absence of contraindications.

Pay attention! Constant adherence to the rules of food discipline can not only prevent the return of inflammation and chronicity of the disease, but also slightly reduce overweight patient.

The prognosis for acute cystitis is mostly favorable. In complicated cases, inflammation often becomes chronic and is accompanied by exacerbations when exposed to certain negative factors.

Prevention of acute cystitis is due to regular emptying of the bladder, personal hygiene, protective regime during respiratory infections. Prevention is based on the preservation of the anatomical and functional integrity of the urethral canal after surgical interventions and various manipulations.

Acute cystitis is a disease quite common in urology, which is one of the most common infections in general. Because of physiological structure urinary system, acute inflammation occurs more often in women than in men.

The fact is that the urogenital canal in women is larger in diameter and smaller in length. It is these characteristics that create optimal conditions for the occurrence and development of infection in the bladder. In addition, the external exit of the canal is located next to the vagina and rectum, and these organs are often sources of various types of infections. Cases of detection of this problem in women exceed more than 5 times the number of tracking cases in men.

If the necessary measures are not taken in a timely manner, the acute form can easily turn into chronic!

Categories

The disease is divided into 2 categories:

• primary;
• secondary.

Primary is an independent disease that is more often observed in women. And the secondary form is a complication of other diseases, mostly in men. For example, this may be a consequence of an adenoma. Cystitis usually appears in people aged 20-40 years, because during this period the most active intimate life is observed.

Reasons

Doctors usually distinguish the following:

• improper care of body hygiene;

• features of the anatomical structure urinary system, which impede the correct outflow of fluid;
• diseases of the structures and tissues that are located around the urethra;
• exposure to chemicals and medications.

But, for the most part, acute cystitis becomes a consequence of the adverse effects of several factors at once.

An important factor may be decreased immunity and general hypothermia; microtraumas that, for example, occurred during sexual intercourse. But the predominant factor still remains infection, the causative agent of which can be a fungus, virus or bacteria.

Pathogen bacterial form Cystitis can be E. coli, staphylococcus, Proteus, or a combination of them. A urine test may reveal candida, fungal threads, and trichomonas in the vagina. Viral form often caused by adenoviruses, in this case the microbes penetrate the bladder with the bloodstream. It is observed in children and adult men.

The mucous membrane of the genitourinary system has good local protection, due to which a small number of microbes can be contained in the organ, but not develop cystitis. Weakening of the local immunity of an organ occurs due to stress, hypothermia, various pathological processes and in postoperative period. In such conditions harmful microbes can actively grow, which leads to inflammation.

Another type is radiation cystitis, which can appear as a result of radiation therapy for the treatment of oncology.

Symptoms

With this disease, the following symptoms and their standard combination are observed: problems with urination, urine discharge with blood or pus. It is not necessary to have three symptoms at once; a doctor can suspect the likelihood of cystitis even if there are signs of inflammation in the patient’s urine tests.

One of the main dysuric symptoms is frequent urge to urinate at intervals of 5-20 minutes, also at night. The volume of urine during one trip to the toilet may be small, because urine does not always have time to accumulate in the bladder. All this may be accompanied by imperative urges, which lead to urinary incontinence.

In acute cystitis, when fluid passes through the urethra, the patient feels a burning sensation, pain and itching. This is especially pronounced at the end of the urination process. Symptoms also include pain in the genital area and lower abdomen.

Diagnostics

Acute cystitis is diagnosed as follows— a specialist studies the patient’s medical history and then conducts comprehensive study. It includes:

• taking urine and blood tests;
• carrying out urography, ultrasound examination in the pelvic area;
• excretory cystography;
• performing cystoscopy.

After studying the results of all tests and studies, the doctor determines the appropriate treatment option for a particular patient.

Treatment

Treatment of the described disease is not particularly different for women and men. It depends on the causes, symptoms, clinical picture and other factors.

A special diet is where you need to start. At proper nutrition the human body receives vitamins, nutritional supplements and minerals that help restore damaged tissues. The diet must be followed mandatory, if you are suffering from diseases or metabolic disorders accompanying acute cystitis.

In any form, the patient must be provided drinking plenty of fluids, he should drink at least 2 liters of water per day. This helps relieve the bladder from harmful substances by washing. For this purpose, it is strictly prohibited to use sweetened soda, drinks and alcohol. You are allowed to drink water, tea, vegetable, berry or fruit juices. Lingonberry juice is very useful, since lingonberry is a natural uroseptic that rids the urinary canals of dangerous bacteria.

Plant foods. Fruits and vegetables alkalinize urine, changing the acidic environment favorable to bacteria. Salty, spicy and smoked foods should be removed from the patient’s menu, because they can increase urinary concentration and irritate the mucous membrane.

First aid

When you have acute cystitis, first aid is provided when an attack occurs sharp pain in the lower abdomen. To reduce pain, you need to take a pain reliever. They also take analgesics of the antispasmodic category, since pain occurs due to spasms of the muscles of the genitourinary system.

Drugs such as No-shpa, Atropine, and Papaverine will help alleviate an attack of the acute form of the disease. But before taking them, be sure to study the recommendations and contraindications. Antibiotics should only be taken as prescribed by a specialized doctor.

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis is treated exclusively under medical supervision, on an inpatient basis. This form diseases often cause severe complications. At the same time, without the intervention of doctors, it is very difficult for the patient to relieve himself. During treatment, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of such an unpleasant disease, it is enough to follow a few recommendations below:

1. take responsibility for the rules of personal hygiene, keep your body clean and well-groomed;
2. dress according to weather conditions, do not allow your body to become hypothermic;
3. don't allow long delays urination, try to empty the bladder as quickly as possible after the urge appears;
4. if you experience diseases or problems that concern you in the field of gynecology and urology, contact specialists in a timely manner and complete the prescribed treatment;
5. You should not self-medicate, or use drugs in treatment that were not prescribed by a doctor.