The meaning of mixed flora in a smear. Mixed flora in a smear: what does an imbalance of microorganisms indicate? What does mixed flora mean in a smear?

Mixed Flora is an imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. When studying biological material, one can see the presence of squamous epithelium, large number lactobacilli, leukocytes, other microorganisms and potentially dangerous bacteria in the vagina. If their number does not exceed the norm, then this is not harmful to the body. If their number increases, then the development of female diseases is possible.

In particular, during pregnancy the concentration of microorganisms in women is often increased. If such a mixed flora is observed, it will be suggested to undergo treatment to avoid the uncontrolled proliferation of pathogenic agents, in particular staphylococci, gonococci, and coccobacilli.

With a mixed flora, there is an imbalance between pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms. A healthy body has more useful flora(no less than 90%), pathogenic no more than 5%. It is not harmful to women's health and does not pose a risk for developing diseases.

A mixed flora appears in the background:

taking antibiotics when the functions of the immune system decrease, thereby creating favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic bacteria;
the use of contraceptives that can lead to an imbalance between the number of leukocytes and lactobacilli in the vaginal environment;
use of intrauterine devices for protection against unwanted pregnancy , which can create an imbalance in the vaginal environment and lead to the development of coccobacilli.

When the flora is colonized by harmful bacteria, dysbacteriosis in the vagina is observed, the development of an inflammatory process, sexually transmitted diseases, discomfort in the genitals (itching, burning), which makes women nervous and worried. You need to contact a gynecologist to clarify the diagnosis and take a smear. If an increase in population is detected in a smear pathogenic microorganisms that can provoke the development of an inflammatory process requires treatment to avoid serious negative consequences.

is a laboratory test in which the contents of the vagina are placed in a nutrient medium and optimal conditions are created for the growth of bacteria.

Research objectives:

identify the causative agent of genital infection;
establish the degree of contamination - the number of bacteria in the vagina;
monitor the state of microflora after long-term treatment antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs. It is carried out 7-10 days after discontinuation of the drug.

to all pregnant women upon registration;
with inflammatory processes in the genital organs;
Gram-negative diplococci were found in the smear - for confirmation gonococcal infection(gonorrhea);
with vulvovaginitis, recurrent or chronic.

Vaginal discharge is placed in nutrient media - solutions or jelly-like masses that contain nutrients for bacteria. Test tubes and Petri dishes are placed in a thermostat for 3-5 days, where the temperature is constantly maintained at about 37 degrees, optimal for the proliferation of microorganisms.

After cultivation, the laboratory assistant evaluates the results. From each microorganism, during the process of division, a whole colony of bacteria grows. According to her appearance The laboratory technician determines the type of pathogen. And by the number of colonies one can judge the concentration of these microorganisms in the vagina. Next, the concentration is compared with normal values.

The conclusion issued by the laboratory states:

the type of microorganism that predominates in the smear;
pathogenicity of a microorganism – the ability to cause disease:

Pathogenic – the presence of which can only be caused by disease.
Opportunistic - bacteria that cause disease only when immunity is reduced, with a significant increase in their number.

concentration of the microorganism in the vagina. In numerical terms and in the form of verbal characteristics: “meager”, “moderate growth”, “abundant growth”.

I degree is the norm. In degree II, they speak of a violation of the vaginal microflora. III-IV degrees indicate a disease caused by this type of bacteria.

Mixed Flora is an imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. When studying biological material, you can see the presence of flat epithelium, a large number of lactobacilli, leukocytes, other microorganisms and potentially dangerous bacteria in the vagina. If their number does not exceed the norm, then this is not harmful to the body. If their number increases, then the development of female diseases is possible.

All bacteria are divided according to shape into three large groups: spherical, rod-shaped and convoluted. All of them can normally be found in the vaginal microflora. But to spherical bacteria, that is, cocci, are pathogens inflammatory diseases. These are diplococci, streptococci and staphylococci. To determine their quantitative content, a smear is taken on the flora.

Symptoms of diseases and causes of mixed flora

In mature women who live an active sexual life, and sometimes in girls, a mixed flora is observed even before the onset of puberty.

Such a diagnostic picture may indicate sexually transmitted diseases, inflammation genitourinary system.

Pathological conditions accompanied by certain symptoms. Itching, mucous discharge with unpleasant smell and a burning sensation may indicate colpitis (inflammation of the vagina) or bacterial vaginosis.

These diseases are caused pathogenic bacteria.

However, in both cases, the disease provokes an increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms.

Predominance in female body pathogenic flora can be caused by several reasons:

the use of antibiotics for a long time significantly weakens the immune system, destroys beneficial bacteria;
excessive douching, flushing normal microflora, provokes the development of harmful microorganisms;
hormonal agents contraception disrupts the microflora, significantly changing the concentration of leukocytes and lactobacilli;
negatively affect balance vaginal microflora intrauterine devices.

To determine a more precise cause, comprehensive additional studies are carried out, the totality of which makes it possible to determine correct diagnosis, appoint optimal treatment.

Varieties of microflora

Among the varieties of microflora there are:

rod, when the number of rods in single leukocytes does not exceed 10 x1 cm2. This is the norm. If it is exceeded, dysbacteriosis or gardnerellosis in the vagina develops. In this form, the microflora is populated by lactobacilli. When deciphering the analysis, doctors take into account the ratio of the number of lactobacilli, leukocytes and erythrocytes;
coccobacillary when detecting an increased content of leukocytes and the complete absence of Dederlein's bacillus. When thick mucus with an unpleasant odor is released from the vagina. Such flora is diagnosed with the development of bacterial vaginosis. Treatment with antibiotics is required.

Based on the results of a smear examination in women, the type of vaginal microflora is determined, which influences the performance of a certain analysis or the statement of the absence of any pathologies. Divided:

meager. When examining a vaginal smear, only large quantities of beneficial microorganisms are found - Dederlein bacilli, which is completely normal;
meager. This type of vaginal microflora is found in many women childbearing age. It is characterized by the presence of large colonies of Dederlein's shelves and a small number of leukocytes in the field of view (up to 7-10);
mixed. This type of vaginal microflora indicates the presence of certain inflammatory processes, which are accompanied by a rapid increase in the number of leukocytes (up to 30). Cocci, which have the appearance of spherical bacteria, are also often found. At the same time, the number of lactobacilli rapidly decreases, which leads to a decrease protective functions woman's body;
abundant. This microflora is characterized by the presence of a large number of leukocytes on the surface of a woman’s vagina in the complete absence of Dederlein’s rods. In this case it is also found huge number cocci. They are the ones who provoke the development of many unpleasant symptoms in a woman.

The degree of cleanliness of a woman’s vagina

Based on the results obtained after examining a smear for microflora, several degrees of vaginal cleanliness in women are distinguished:

1st degree ( acidic environment). It is characterized by a small number of leukocytes (up to 10), epithelial cells (no more than 5-10). During the study, a large number of Dederlein rods are found. At the same time, there are almost no other bacteria present in the smear. Mucus is also detected in small quantities. Such test results are ideal and are extremely rare among women of childbearing age who have an active sex life.
2nd degree (slightly acidic environment). It has the same characteristics as in the previous paragraph. The only difference is the presence of gram-positive cocci in a small amount. This is a normal condition that occurs in most healthy women childbearing age.

3rd degree (neutral environment). In this case, leukocytes and epithelial cells are found in quantities that exceed 10 pieces. Gram-positive cocci are also present in the vagina. Dederlein rods are found in small quantities, which is not normal. In this case, inflammation of the vagina or colpitis is diagnosed, which is also accompanied by the release of a moderate amount of mucus. For some women, this condition may not cause significant discomfort. But most people experience characteristic symptoms– copious creamy discharge, itching and burning in the vagina, discomfort and painful sensations during sexual intercourse.
4 degree (alkaline environment). In this case, a huge number of leukocytes, epithelial cells and other microorganisms are found in the woman’s vagina. In this condition, the microflora of Dederlein's bacillus may be completely absent. Detection alkaline environment indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the vagina, which is accompanied by intense discharge. They may have a characteristic color (white, greenish, gray) and an unpleasant odor. This condition always accompanied by itching, burning, pain, which intensifies during sexual intercourse.

Mixed flora in a smear: provoking factors and their elimination

What is it

A study of the vaginal microflora shows the number of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria.

Depending on the obtained ratio, the smear is given a specific name.

Normally, the smear should include about 95% lactobacilli. The number of cocci and rods should be insignificant - no more than 5%.

With mixed flora, an imbalance in the number of bacteria is observed in the smear. The number of pathogenic microbes that can cause a variety of diseases is growing.

At the same time, there is an increase in the number of leukocytes. Their presence indicates the possibility of an inflammatory process.

Mixed flora does not pose a strong danger. But complete lack of treatment can lead to unpleasant consequences.

The inflammatory process in the pelvic area is fraught with the formation of adhesions and deformation of organs.

The patency of the tubes is disrupted, ovulation disappears and the structure of the endometrium changes. This leads to problems during pregnancy planning.

To the main characteristic features mixed flora include the following:

the presence of mucus in the smear;
the presence of stratified squamous epithelium;
traces of phagocytosis;
increase in the number of leukocytes.

Mixed flora in a smear in women is sometimes diagnosed when laboratory research. This is one of the types of analysis that allows you to identify pathogenic microorganisms in the vagina, their number, possible development inflammation, as well as the percentage of healthy and pathogenic flora. Analysis of a smear for flora can reveal the presence of fungus and pathogenic microbes (cocci, staphylococci) in the genitals.

Among the varieties of microflora there are:

rod, when the number of rods in single leukocytes does not exceed 10 x1 cm2. This is the norm. If it is exceeded, dysbacteriosis or gardnerellosis in the vagina develops. In this form, the microflora is populated by lactobacilli. When deciphering the analysis, doctors take into account the ratio of the number of lactobacilli, leukocytes and erythrocytes;
coccobacillary when detecting an increased content of leukocytes and the complete absence of Dederlein's bacillus. When thick mucus with an unpleasant odor is released from the vagina. Such flora is diagnosed with the development of bacterial vaginosis. Treatment with antibiotics is required.

What is mixed microflora?

With mixed flora, there is an imbalance between pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms. A healthy body has more beneficial flora (at least 90%), while pathogenic flora is no more than 5%. It is not harmful to women's health and does not pose a risk for developing diseases.

A mixed flora appears in the background:

taking antibiotics when the functions of the immune system are reduced, thereby creating favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic bacteria;
the use of contraceptives that can lead to an imbalance between the number of leukocytes and lactobacilli in the vaginal environment;
the use of intrauterine devices to protect against unwanted pregnancy, which can create an imbalance in the vaginal environment and lead to the development of coccobacilli.

When the flora is colonized by harmful bacteria, dysbacteriosis in the vagina is observed, the development of an inflammatory process, sexually transmitted diseases, discomfort in the genitals (itching, burning), which makes women nervous and worried. You need to contact a gynecologist to clarify the diagnosis and take a smear. If a smear reveals an increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms that can provoke the development of an inflammatory process, treatment is required to avoid serious negative consequences.

Decoding the smear

The interpretation of the smear is carried out exclusively by a gynecologist to confirm the accuracy of the analysis if doubt arises when unpleasant symptoms appear in women. It is not recommended to decipher the smear yourself, although you still need to know some details.

A smear is taken from the vagina to identify mixed flora and submitted to the laboratory for examination.

Normally, there should be at least 95% lactobacilli that can protect the body from harmful microorganisms. There should be no more than 5% of pathogenic bacilli that are not capable of harming the female body. This percentage ratio can indicate the degree of cleanliness in the vagina.

When deciphering a smear, several degrees are distinguished:

Once pathogenic microflora, cocci, and yeast fungi are confirmed, treatment can no longer be avoided. This indicates the development of an inflammatory process, while women experience burning, itching, unusual discharge from the vagina, increased temperature. This happens with appendicitis, enterobacteriosis, and the appearance of E. coli in the stool. The number of leukocytes in the smear is exceeded, pathogenic microflora is higher than normal. The same situation occurs with bacterial vaginosis caused by streptococci, when itching, burning, and an unpleasant odor are evident. Especially when sperm enters against the background of the release of volatile compounds, indicating the complete absence of lactobacilli, while epithelial cells and leukocytes do not exceed the norm.

What should you pay attention to?

Girls and women should pay attention to the symptoms.

When severe itching, burning and discharge of unpleasant mucus with an unpleasant odor, the development of a venereal disease is possible, which happens in girls at the beginning of puberty or in women with the onset of menopause.
It is important to pay attention to the rules for taking a smear for flora. Before the procedure, you should not take baths, use candles, tampons or tablets. You should avoid going to the toilet 2 hours before your smear test.
You can douche the day before, but only warm water without using soap or other hygiene products.
You cannot take a smear during your period, at the beginning or at the end of the cycle.
When taking a swab from the nasopharynx, you must refrain from eating and drinking water.
Women pay attention to symptoms. Maybe it hurts bottom part abdomen, there is redness, itching, nonspecific discharge from the genitals, which happens after long-term use antibiotics and candidiasis is diagnosed.

It is important for women to know what should and should not be in a smear. In order to check your flora, whether there is any development of the inflammatory process and whether the microorganisms in the smear are normal in order to avoid the development of infectious pathogens: Candida fungus, streptococcus, staphylococcus, gonococcus, gram-negative bacteria. For example, the presence of streptococci in the flora in large quantities can lead to miscarriage, fetal death in pregnant women, the development of inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system, damage to the ureter, bladder and genitals.

A low level of estrogen in the body indicates the proliferation of the Dederlein bacillus or dysbacteriosis with an increased content of leukocytes and the absence of the Dederlein bacillus, while the ratio between red blood cells and lactobacilli is disturbed. This may happen after long-term use of antibiotics. Leads to cervical erosion and the development of inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system. The growth of pathogenic flora in the vagina inevitably leads to inflammation in the vaginal mucosa, the development of nonspecific inflammation, such as mixed flora.

What does a smear mean during pregnancy?

Each woman’s body is individual and the microflora may have its own characteristics. During pregnancy, the number of pathogenic microorganisms increases and the development of candidiasis, thrush and bacterial vaginosis is possible due to violations acid-base balance.
Similar changes in the vaginal flora are observed during infection of the genital organs, exacerbation of chronic diseases, and hormonal changes.

Even at the stage of pregnancy planning, it is important for women to be tested for microflora in the vagina in order to avoid the development of an inflammatory process, which may well occur with unstable immunity and hormonal background during pregnancy. Pathogenic flora should not be more than 5%. A change in pH, its increase, occurs for a number of reasons: not only with reduced immunity and long-term use of antibiotics, but also with the occurrence of inflammatory diseases, imbalance in the vagina, which, of course, can negatively affect the development of the fetus.

The main thing is to prevent development serious illnesses, dispersal of candidiasis and coccobacillary flora. Timely smear testing and interpretation of the results allows you to prevent the disease, quickly stop the development of microorganisms, thereby normalizing the pH level in the vaginal environment, and suppressing the activity of microorganisms.

If dysbiosis is detected, severe discomfort, an imbalance between pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, also coccus bacillus, gonococcus, which are harmful to the body, their constant growth is noted, then the doctor will prescribe antibiotic treatment. If a mixed flora is detected in a smear during pregnancy, treatment is prescribed in combination to suppress pathogenic agents: staphylococci, gonococci, coccobacilli. Self-medication is unacceptable. If unpleasant symptoms appear, women urgently need to visit a gynecologist.

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Analysis of vaginal secretions is done to identify gynecological diseases.

There are several options for the results of such an analysis. These include mixed flora in a smear.

We'll tell you what mixed flora in a smear means - abundant and scanty, and how to treat this condition in women, including during pregnancy.

Description of the disease

A study of the vaginal microflora shows the number of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria.

Depending on the obtained ratio, the stroke is given a name.

Normally, a smear should include about 95% lactobacilli. The number of cocci and rods should be insignificant - no more than 5%.

With mixed flora, there is an imbalance in the number of bacteria in the smear. The number of pathogenic microbes that can cause various diseases is growing.

At the same time it is noted. They indicate the possibility of an inflammatory process.

Mixed flora does not pose a strong danger. But complete lack of treatment can lead to unpleasant consequences.

The inflammatory process in the pelvic area is fraught with the formation of adhesions and deformation of organs. The patency of the tubes is disrupted, ovulation disappears and the structure of the endometrium changes.

This leads to problems during pregnancy planning.

The main characteristic features of mixed flora include the following:

the presence of mucus in the smear;
the presence of stratified squamous epithelium;
traces of phagocytosis;
increase in the number of leukocytes.

Additional examination helps specialists diagnose accurate diagnosis. Disease can occur in both acute and chronic form .

IN spicy woman notes the appearance of unpleasant symptoms. This itching sensations, unpleasant odor, change in the nature of discharge and discomfort during sexual intercourse.

Similar symptoms may also occur in a sexual partner.

Characteristics of scarcity and abundance

There are two main varieties of mixed flora - scanty and abundant. They differ in the ratio of pathogenic to harmless bacteria.

Sparse mixed flora can be easily treated without the use of potent agents. The abundant flora is corrected using the most effective drugs.

There is a third type of pathology- coccobacillary flora.

This phenomenon indicates that a woman has diseases transmitted as a result of sexual contacts, or vaginal dysbiosis.

Reasons for women

Knowledge of the causes of pathological microflora disorders can be used for prevention.

Being in a risk zone, you need to be more careful about changes in the body.

The following reasons can cause microflora disturbance:

reception hormonal drugs, in particular - oral contraceptives;
protection against unwanted pregnancy using an IUD;
antibiotic treatment;
frequent douching;
use of aggressive intimate hygiene products.

Any intervention in the microflora of the female genital organs entails its restructuring.

The flora contains not only negative, but also beneficial bacteria that have a protective function.

Washing them out contributes to a decrease in immunity. As a result, women develop various diseases.

Is treatment necessary?

After detecting mixed flora in a smear the doctor must prescribe a course of treatment.

But additional manipulations are carried out first to help clarify the diagnosis. It depends on how the treatment will be carried out.

The presence of erosion implies cauterization. Some forms of the disease do not require any intervention.

, and gonorrhea are treated by taking specially targeted medications.

After the course of treatment it is necessary to take the test again. If necessary, the most powerful drugs are prescribed.

May be carried out additional examinations, excluding the formulation of an erroneous diagnosis.

Analysis during pregnancy

What does mixed flora mean in a smear in pregnant women? Violation of the composition of vaginal secretions during pregnancy is quite common.

Changes in the nature of discharge are attributed to indirect signs successful conception before the delay occurs.

During the period of embryo implantation, a woman’s immunity begins to decline.

The fertilized egg is perceived as a foreign object. That's why thrush occurs. It is characterized by the appearance of cheesy discharge and discomfort.

Thrush is eliminated with drugs approved during pregnancy. It is very important to get rid of symptoms before delivery.

Walking through birth canal, the child may become infected.

If mixed flora manifests itself as more serious diseases, then there is a high probability of termination of pregnancy.

Many potent drugs are prohibited during this period. Treatment may not be effective enough.

Some types of infections can penetrate the placenta, causing developmental pathologies. Doctors recommend getting rid of the existing disease at the stage of preparation for pregnancy.

It is easier to prevent any pathology than to eliminate it.

Disease Prevention reproductive system will save time, effort and money that will have to be spent on treatment.

Do not forget about timely contact with specialists when the first signs appear.

A flora smear is a type of test that allows you to determine the presence and number of pathogenic microorganisms in the vagina. This makes it possible to determine the risks of developing gynecological diseases and other health problems.

What is mixed flora in a vaginal smear and what does such an interpretation of test results indicate, we will understand in our article.

During macroscopic analysis, squamous epithelial cells, Dederlein's lactobacilli, cocci, leukocytes and other types of microorganisms are detected in the smear. The composition of the smear determines the type of microflora, as well as the possibility of pathological processes.

What types of floras exist?

Scarce. During macroscopic analysis, mainly only Dederlein's bacilli - beneficial lactobacilli - are identified in the vaginal environment;
Average. In the field of view of a specialist there are approximately 7-10 leukocytes and large colonies of lactobacilli;
Mixed. The medium contains from 15 to 30 leukocytes, a small number of lactobacilli, as well as cocci - pathogenic spherical bacteria;
Abundant. The inner walls of the vagina are densely covered with leukocytes in the complete absence of lactobacilli. Coccobacillary microflora emits an unpleasant odor and provokes the secretion of large amounts of mucus.

Material is taken from the vagina in order to diagnose the presence of pathogenic flora and inflammatory processes in the body.

Carry out the procedure if available the following signs:

painful sensations in the lower abdomen;
change in color and odor of discharge;
burning or itching inside the vagina.

An analysis of the state of the “female” microflora must be done during pregnancy, menopause and suspected development gynecological ailments. Experts also recommend getting tested after taking hormonal medications that can affect the level of acidity inside. cervical canal and uterus.

To diagnose diseases, specialists take material not only from the vagina, but also from the cervical canal and urethra.

During microscopic diagnosis, the following types of cells may be present in the smear:

Flat epithelium is the cells that make up the entire inner surface cervical canal and vagina. The presence of a large number of cells indicates the possibility of developing vaginitis or urethritis. The lack of squamous epithelium indicates insufficient secretion of progesterone;
Leukocytes are “defenders” that fight pathogenic microorganisms. Normally, their number in the vagina does not exceed 10, in the cervix - 30. A high number of leukocytes most often indicates the presence of inflammation (cervicitis, vaginitis), accompanied by phagocytosis - the devouring of pathogenic agents by “defenders”;
Mucus is a derivative of the vaginal glands and cervix. The amount in the smear should be moderate. Heavy discharge may indicate dysbacteriosis;
“Vaginal” rods (Doderlein) are gram-positive cells that make up the normal microflora. An 80% lack of “useful” bacilli in the body indicates the development of bacterial vaginosis.

The presence of mixed flora in a smear indicates an imbalance between pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Biological material contains squamous epithelium, Doderlein's lactobacilli, leukocytes and other types of microorganisms.

In the absence of any pathological processes, the number of lactobacilli is approximately 90-95%, the remaining 5% are opportunistic agents, which include cocci and bacilli.

Potentially dangerous bacteria in small quantities they do not harm the body, but as their numbers increase, the threat of developing diseases also increases. During pregnancy, the risk of increasing colonies of pathogenic microorganisms is very high. If there is mixed flora in a vaginal smear during pregnancy, you must undergo complex treatment, which will prevent the uncontrolled proliferation of staphylococci and other pathogenic agents.

In the process of deciphering the analyses, the biomaterial taken for testing is assigned a degree of purity.

It indicates the pH level in the microflora and the presence of pathogenic bacteria and rods:

1st degree – normal state of the flora, in which lactobacilli and opportunistic microorganisms are within acceptable limits;
2nd degree - a relatively normal state of the vaginal environment, in which the percentage of pathogenic agents is higher, but does not pose a health hazard;
3rd degree – flora mixed type with a predominance of pathogenic microorganisms over Doderlein bacilli;
4th degree – a pathological condition of the environment, characterized by a predominance of squamous epithelium, leukocytes and “foreign” bacteria.

Many women, after reading the test results, do not understand how to decipher the phrase “mixed abundant flora in a smear.” According to cytological data, such a diagnosis indicates the presence of abscesses in the uterus.

In this case, when microscopic examination The following types of cells and microorganisms are found in the biomaterial:

a large amount of mucus;
shaped elements blood;
presence of traces of phagocytosis;
MPE cell layers;
increased content of squamous epithelium.

Abundant mixed flora is treated with sanitation with vaginal suppositories, which inhibit the activity of pathogens and restore normal pH levels.

Coccobacillary flora is a pathological condition of the environment of the cervical canal and vagina. It is dominated by the so-called coccobacilli, which are an average variant between bacilli and ordinary cocci.

Commonly encountered representatives of pathogenic coccobacilli include:

hemophilus influenzae;
chlamydia trachomatis (provokes the development of chlamydia);
Gardnerella vaginalis.

A large number of pathogenic agents leads to the development of vaginitis, fungal infections, including bacterial vaginosis.

What are the reasons for their appearance in the body?

Taking antibiotics. Antibiotics weaken immune system, creating favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic bacteria;
Contraception. Hormonal drugs lead to disturbances in the microflora, which affects the number of leukocytes and lactobacilli in the environment;
Intrauterine devices. By protecting themselves from unwanted pregnancy, women unwittingly create an imbalance in the vaginal environment, suitable for the development of coccobacilli;
Frequent douching. Cleaning the vagina provokes the washing away of normal flora and the proliferation of harmful bacteria.

Pathogenic flora of mixed type, including coccobacillary, can be eliminated when renewed normal level pH in a “female” environment. To suppress the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, the doctor prescribes gentle antibiotics that fight coccobacilli.

Vaginal dysbiosis indicates the presence of inflammatory processes or the development of other sexually transmitted diseases. If you feel severe itching or discomfort inside the genital organs, it is worth taking a smear for analysis to clarify the diagnosis.

Do not self-diagnose or self-medicate! I wish you good health and wellness!

mjusli.ru

Mixed flora in a smear in women: what does it mean, is treatment required and how to treat?

Analysis of vaginal secretions is carried out to identify gynecological diseases.

There are several variations in the results of this analysis. These include mixed flora in a smear.

In this article we will tell you what mixed flora in a smear means - abundant and scanty, and how to treat this condition in women, including during pregnancy.

Depending on the obtained ratio, the smear is given a specific name.

Normally, the smear should include about 95% lactobacilli. The number of cocci and rods should be insignificant - no more than 5%.

With mixed flora, an imbalance in the number of bacteria is observed in the smear. The number of pathogenic microbes that can cause a variety of diseases is growing.

At the same time, there is an increase in the number of leukocytes. Their presence indicates the possibility of an inflammatory process.

Mixed flora does not pose a strong danger. But complete lack of treatment can lead to unpleasant consequences.

The inflammatory process in the pelvic area is fraught with the formation of adhesions and deformation of organs.

The patency of the tubes is disrupted, ovulation disappears and the structure of the endometrium changes. This leads to problems during pregnancy planning.

The main characteristic features of mixed flora include the following:

the presence of mucus in the smear;
the presence of stratified squamous epithelium;
traces of phagocytosis;
increase in the number of leukocytes.

Additional examination helps specialists make an accurate diagnosis.

The disease can occur in both acute and chronic forms. In the first case, the woman notes the appearance of unpleasant symptoms.

These include itching sensations, the presence of an unpleasant odor, changes in the nature of discharge and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Similar symptoms may also appear in your sexual partner.

Sparse mixed flora can be easily treated without the use of potent agents. The abundant flora is corrected using the most effective drugs.

There is a third type of pathology - it is called coccobacillary flora.

This phenomenon indicates that a woman has diseases transmitted through sexual contact or vaginal dysbiosis.

The following reasons can cause microflora disturbance:

taking hormonal medications, in particular oral contraceptives;
protection against unwanted pregnancy using an IUD;
antibiotic treatment;
frequent douching;
use of aggressive intimate hygiene products.

Any intervention in the microflora of the female genital organs entails its restructuring. The flora contains not only negative, but also beneficial bacteria that perform a protective function.

Washing them out contributes to a decrease in immunity. As a result, women develop various diseases.

But additional manipulations are carried out first to help clarify the diagnosis. It depends on how the treatment will be carried out.

The presence of erosion implies cauterization. Some forms of this disease do not require any intervention.

Diseases such as chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis and gonorrhea are treated by taking specially targeted drugs. They contain components aimed at combating certain groups of bacteria.

If the microflora changes insignificantly, the use of vaginal suppositories or ointments is prescribed.

After the course of treatment, it is necessary to take the test again. If necessary, the most powerful drugs are prescribed.

Additional examinations may be carried out to exclude the possibility of an erroneous diagnosis.

A change in the nature of the discharge is considered an indirect sign of successful conception before the onset of delay.

During the period of embryo implantation, a woman’s immunity begins to decline. The fertilized egg is perceived as a foreign object.

For this reason, thrush occurs. It is characterized by the appearance of cheesy discharge and discomfort.

Thrush is eliminated with drugs approved during pregnancy. It is very important to get rid of symptoms before delivery. As the baby passes through the birth canal, it can become infected.

If the mixed flora manifests itself as more serious diseases, then there is a high probability of termination of pregnancy.

Many potent drugs are prohibited during this period. Treatment may not be effective enough.

Some types of infections can penetrate the placenta, causing developmental pathologies. Experts recommend getting rid of the existing disease at the stage of preparation for pregnancy.

It is easier to prevent any pathology than to eliminate it. Preventing diseases of the reproductive system will save time, effort and money that will have to be spent on treatment.

We should also not forget about timely contacting specialists when the first signs appear.

Classmates

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Mixed flora in a smear: what does it mean, how to treat?

Every visit by a woman to a gynecologist necessarily includes certain tests, and the detected mixed flora in the smear shows certain imbalances between beneficial and harmful microorganisms.

Normal flora 95% are lactobacilli, and cocci and bacilli, which pose a potential health threat, account for the remaining 5%.

If such proportions are violated, the risk of developing various diseases.

Mixed microflora is especially dangerous for pregnant women, so if it is detected during such periods, it is recommended to undergo comprehensive treatment.

What does mixed flora mean on a smear?

Studies of smear analysis for flora are correlated with quantitative changes in blood composition.

Microscopic examination identifies lactobacilli, pathogenic coccal bacteria, bacilli that provoke the development of diseases, and shows the risks of oncological changes.

These studies determine the composition of the microflora of the mucous membranes of the woman’s genital organs.

At the same time, mixed flora is characteristic of menopause, menstruation, venereal diseases, onset of puberty, ovarian hyperfunction.

The predominance of lactobacilli characterizes a healthy microflora. If the smear contains most of the lactobacilli, epithelial cells, mucus, and normal leukocytes, then this indicates the absence of inflammatory processes and healthy immunity.

With moderate mucus and normal leukocytes, an increase in the number of cocci and fungi may be observed. This situation increases the risk of inflammatory processes.

With a significant increase in leukocytes, mucus and epithelial inclusions, we can talk about pathologies.

In the worst case, lactobacilli are detected in small quantities, and leukocytes are significantly higher than normal.

At the same time, pathogenic bacteria and fungi make up the majority of the microflora. This situation indicates inflammation and requires immediate treatment.

Based on the results of the analysis, the attending physician identifies the causative agent of the disease and prescribes appropriate treatment.

For example, for candidiasis they use antifungal drugs, and in cases of diseases caused by gonococci, they need to be treated antibacterial agents.

Treatment is prescribed not only based on the results of a smear examination of the flora, but after comprehensive research urine, blood.

In any case, the mixed microflora identified during the analysis of smear results requires attentive attitude and specialist consultations.

Symptoms of diseases and causes of mixed flora

In mature women who live an active sexual life, and sometimes in girls, a mixed flora is observed even before the onset of puberty.

Such a diagnostic picture may indicate sexually transmitted diseases and inflammation of the genitourinary system.

Pathological conditions are accompanied by certain symptoms. Itching, mucous discharge with an unpleasant odor and a burning sensation may indicate colpitis (inflammation of the vagina) or bacterial vaginosis.

These diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Moreover, despite the common origin, one disease resolves with an increase in the number of leukocytes, while the other does not.

However, in both cases, the disease provokes an increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms.

The predominance of pathogenic flora in the female body can be caused by several reasons:

the use of antibiotics for a long time significantly weakens the immune system and destroys beneficial bacteria;
excessive douching, washing away normal microflora, provokes the development of harmful microorganisms;
hormonal contraceptives disrupt the microflora, significantly changing the concentration of leukocytes and lactobacilli;
intrauterine devices negatively affect the balance of vaginal microflora.

To determine a more precise cause, comprehensive additional studies are carried out, the totality of which makes it possible to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe optimal treatment.

Rules for taking a smear and deciphering the results

A smear in women may reveal scant or abundant mixed flora. Deviations in indicators are often directly related to violations of the rules for preparing for a smear test.

On the eve of visiting a doctor, you need to prepare in a certain way:

visit the toilet two hours before, since urination is contraindicated during this period;
before the procedures, you should simply wash yourself with warm water without soap;
You cannot take a smear test during menstruation;
abstain from sex for two days;
do not use tampons, vaginal suppositories and don't douche.

Although deciphering smear results is the responsibility of the doctor, understanding what certain indicators may mean is important for any woman.

Healthy genital organs are characterized by a predominance of lactobacilli, and if their number decreases, the risk of damage by pathogenic microorganisms increases.

A large number of leukocytes is an indicator of the inflammatory process. However, the norms for the vagina, urethra and cervix are different.

A significant excess of the indicators will be the basis for additional research.

The number of red blood cells increases during menstruation, damage to the mucous membrane and inflammatory processes.

Normally, upon microscopic examination, their number does not exceed several units. A small amount of mucus is also common in the vagina and cervix.

The results of a smear for mixed flora are presented in encrypted form. It will be useful for any woman to know what each Latin designation means.

The letter “V” represents the vagina, and the numbers next to this letter clarify the smear readings.

Likewise numeric value clarify the readings of the letters “U” - “urethra” and “C” - “cervix”.

Latin letter“L” stands for leukocytes, “Ep” for squamous epithelium. The letters “gn” and “trich” indicate the presence of gonococci and trichomoniasis bacteria.

The abbreviation "abs" refers to the absence of bacteria and infections in the smear examination.

Thus, smear analysis for mixed flora has certain standards, which are presented in the following form.

Leukocytes: (U) 0-5 in the field of view under a microscope, (V) 0-10, (C) 0-30. Mucus: (V) and (C) - “moderate”, and in the case of (U) - “moderate” or “absent”.

Epithelium. (V, C, U) – “moderate”. In all cases, an increase in these indicators indicates inflammatory processes.

Gram-positive rods (gr.+). (V) – “large amount”, (C) – “absent”, (U) – “absent”.

This picture indicates a healthy body, good immunity and about in good condition microflora.

Gram-negative rods (gr.-). (V), (C), (U) – should be absent everywhere, and opposite values indicate inflammatory processes within these organs and dysbiosis.

Correct transcript A smear requires a certain qualification of a doctor, and in some cases a repeat examination.

In any situation, it is better to be observed and treated by one doctor. This will ensure the accuracy of the diagnosis and a positive therapeutic result.

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What does a smear on the flora show in women?

Women's health It can easily be broken, because it is a very fragile substance. Every woman should visit a gynecologist once every six months in order to promptly determine the presence of pathologies and not risk her health. The first thing doctors do during an examination is take a gynecological smear, designed to detect the presence of pathogenic microorganisms.

Flora smear indicators

After a vaginal smear is taken, it is sent to a laboratory for testing. The results are announced to the patient by the gynecologist. To avoid erroneous conclusions, it is advisable to go for examination to the same specialist or to the same institution, because different laboratories use various methods studying and coloring the material. What does a smear on the flora show in women?

Norm of leukocytes in women

The deciphering of the smear analysis for flora in women begins with determining the level of leukocytes. These are particles that protect the body from infections, preventing the penetration of microorganisms into the genitals. After taking a smear, when deciphering, you need to take into account the presence colds, pregnancy and day menstrual cycle. The normal content of leukocytes in the field of view should contain 10-15 units, and erythrocytes - 2 units. After menstruation, the number of white cells may be higher - up to 25 units.

In pregnant women, the leukocyte norm is allowed up to 30 units. If the patient has a viral or bacterial infection, then the level of leukocytes during microscopic examination may be increased. Therefore, doctors will always recommend taking a smear to determine the degree of vaginal cleanliness after an illness. If all conditions affecting the level of leukocytes are excluded, but the content of white cells is increased, then this indicates the presence of inflammation.

Flat epithelium in a smear

The cells of the mucous membranes that line uterine cervix and vagina are called squamous epithelium. The cervical canal contains columnar epithelium. What does a smear on the flora in women show if there are no epithelial cells or there are too many of them? When a woman is healthy, when examining a sample, the norm is from 3 to 15 units. If there is insufficient or no squamous epithelium, this may show increased content male hormones.

In this case, the gynecologist may suggest that the patient undergo hormone therapy. This pathology may also indicate atrophy of epithelial cells. Increased concentration indicates the presence of infection or acute inflammation. When the study shows altered squamous epithelium, it means that the woman has developed dysplasia, which, under certain circumstances, can cause a cervical tumor (malignant).

What do key cells mean?

The test will identify key cells in the smear if a woman has bacterial vaginosis. In this case, polymorphic gram-variable or gram-negative rods - gardnerella - are attached to the walls of the vagina. Pathology can greatly undermine the immune system, and therefore is fraught with consequences. With bacterial vaginosis, the vaginal flora contains many pathogenic microorganisms, which brings the owner a lot of discomfort.

Key cells do not always indicate an imbalance in bacterial balance. After their detection, it is necessary to identify specific pathogens. Sometimes key cells are found in cancer or erosive pathology of the mucous membrane, therefore, after detection and treatment, their content should be regularly monitored (at least twice a year).

Mixed flora in a smear in women

If the smear showed the presence of mixed flora, then this indicates an imbalance between non-pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms. This means that the material taken contains lactobacilli, squamous epithelium, leukocytes and other microorganisms. When there are 95% lactobacilli and 5% opportunistic bacilli, this is considered normal, since a small number of staphylococci cannot cause harm. What does it show mixed smear on flora in women with other indicators:

First degree. Leukocytes are normal, epithelial cells and lactobacilli are in moderate quantities, but mucus is present. This means that there is no inflammation, the immune system is healthy, the microflora is normal, and there is no pathogenic flora.
Second degree. A urogenital smear showed that lactobacilli were present along with yeast fungi and cocci. White blood cells are normal, but there is moderate mucus. This indicator is also considered normal, but there is a risk of inflammatory diseases.
Third degree. Flora mixed with an advantage of pathogenic microorganisms. The presence of leukocytes, mucus and epithelium exceeds normal levels - inflammatory processes occur in the woman’s genitals.
Fourth degree. A microflora smear showed a large amount of epithelium and mucus. The norm of leukocytes was several times exceeded, no lactobacilli were detected, and the microflora was represented by pathogenic bacteria. This shows that the disease is very advanced. Treatment of inflammation is prescribed, after which a second smear is made on the flora.

Candida fungus

Yeast-like fungi Candida are single-celled microorganisms of round or oval shape that form blastospores (kidney cells), threads of elongated cells (pseudomycelium) and some double-walled spores (chlamydospores). They are often found in the vagina. Candida fungal spores are also found in absolutely healthy women. The manifestation of mycelium shows active infectious process caused by thrush or candidiasis. The first symptoms of the disease include itching in intimate area, vaginal dryness, curdled discharge having an unpleasant odor.

Coccal flora in women

Coccal flora is constantly present in the vaginal contents. In some cases, it requires attention when a large amount of it is detected against the background of inflammation of microorganisms. Cocci are shaped like grains of rice, so in translation from ancient Greek the name corresponds to the word “grain”. The number of these bacteria increases during vaginal secretion when the production of ovarian hormones - estrogen - stops or decreases. Cocci are antagonists to lactobacilli. If coccobacillary flora is detected, you should think about the health of the vagina.

Mucus in a smear in women

If all indicators are normal, then the mucus in the smear is not particularly important. The picture changes if bacterioscopy shows that other bacteria are present. Mucus is the result of the production of glands of the vagina and cervical canal, which has an alkaline reaction. She performs important functions, among which the main place is occupied by the ability to suppress the development of pathogenic bacteria. Depending on the menstrual cycle, the thickness and composition of mucus changes. If the secreted contents are bright pink, then this indicates endocervicitis (inflammation of the cervical canal).

Degree of vaginal cleanliness

The concept reflects the state of the vaginal flora. To determine the degree of purity, the doctor evaluates the ratio of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Normally, the vagina contains beneficial bacilli called Doderlein bacilli. They produce lactic acid, which protects female flora from the possibility of growth of pathogenic microorganisms. When Doderlein's rods die, it develops inflammatory process. The degree of purity shows how much beneficial bacillary flora and corynebacteria is now in the vagina.

Interpretation of smear results

So what does a smear show on the flora in women? For brevity, doctors abbreviate the letters in the table of indicators. To understand how good or bad analysis, you need to understand what lies behind such designations:

U, V, C - places from which doctors take a smear for flora: U-uretra is urethra, V-vagina – vagina, C-cervix – cervical canal;
Ep is short for epithelium;
L – leukocytes;
Trich – the causative agent of Trichomonas;
Gn is the causative agent of gonorrhea.

What diseases does a smear reveal?

A smear for flora is prepared within 1 to 2 working days. If there is a need to clarify the results, the doctor may additionally perform cultural studies. What can deciphering a smear for flora in women indicate and detection key cells in the uterus:

polyps;
mucosal erosion;
chlamydia;
gonorrhea;
cancerous degeneration of the epithelium;
mycoplasmosis;
trichomoniasis.

Video: how to decipher flora analysis

The attending physician must decipher the flora smear, but some information can be obtained independently before the appointment.

What can a smear on the flora tell you?

Let's take a closer look at what the test results may be and what it means.

Mixed flora in a smear

Occurs in the following cases:

the beginning or end of the menstrual cycle;
menopause;
presence of sexually transmitted diseases;
ovarian hyperfunction;
onset of puberty in girls.

To determine the exact reason for the presence of mixed flora in a smear, it is necessary to evaluate the number of leukocytes and conduct additional studies.

Rod flora in a smear

There are two types of sticks:

Morphotype of lactobacilli (Dederlein's rods).
Small sticks.

Many rods of the first type in the flora are normal indicator healthy body. At the same time, in the field of view there are single leukocytes or their number does not exceed 10 pieces per square centimeter.

The presence of small rods indicates a disease such as gardnerellosis or vaginal dysbiosis.

Lactobacillary flora in a smear

Lactobacilli are a normal part of healthy microflora. When interpreting the analysis, it is necessary to pay attention to the concentration of leukocytes and erythrocytes, as well as their relationship with the number of lactobacilli.

Coccobacillary flora in a smear

This result is usually combined with increased content leukocytes and practically complete absence Dederlein sticks. Vaginal discharge has a thick mucous structure with an unpleasant odor. Coccobacillary flora occurs in 2 cases:

Bacterial vaginosis.
Venereal diseases.

Often these reasons are interrelated and require special treatment, sometimes with the use of antibiotics.

Lack of flora in the smear

The result of a study of this type is extremely rare and may mean that before taking a smear the body long time was treated antibacterial drugs in large dosages. This leads to the extinction of normal components of the flora, especially lactobacilli, which will have to be restored under the supervision of a doctor.

Smear for pathogenic intestinal flora

This type of analysis is taken either from the vagina or rectum. Due to the close relationship between the intestines and reproductive organs women, as well as their close proximity, pathogens can quickly spread from the vagina to the intestinal walls and vice versa.

Rules for taking a smear for flora:

Avoid sexual intercourse two days before taking a smear.
Don't take a bath.
Do not douche.
Do not use vaginal tablets, candles and tampons.
Stop going to the toilet 3 hours before taking a smear.
Before taking the test, you need to wash yourself with only warm water, without hygiene products.
Do not take a smear directly during menstruation, or at the very beginning and end of the menstrual cycle.

If a swab is taken from the nasopharynx, the rules are as follows: