Diarrhea is frequent (more than 2 times per day), uncontrollable discharge of feces in liquid form. This occurs due to the accelerated passage of intestinal contents. Almost all young parents have encountered this problem and often throw up their hands in confusion about what to do if their child has diarrhea: wait until everything goes away on its own, or take some measures, treat, or use folk remedies.

About this intestinal disorder It is advisable to know as much information as possible to prevent complications. And first of all, you need to think about what caused it.

For the most part, the causes of diarrhea depend on the age of the child. Each period of a baby’s life is characterized by special factors that contribute to loose bowel movements. This is especially true for the little ones.

Here, for example, is what may cause diarrhea in an infant:

• formation of the gastrointestinal tract;
• on the teeth when they erupt;
• enzyme/lactose deficiency;
• If a breastfed baby has diarrhea, this may be a reaction to mother's milk: it is too thin, excessively fatty or contains laxatives due to the mother’s failure to comply with a special diet;
• incorrect introduction of the first complementary foods;
• artificial mixture.

External reasons (typical for any age):

• food poisoning from low-quality products;
• fruits and vegetables that have a laxative effect;
• Diarrhea is very common after antibiotics.
• constant prolonged stress, nervous disorders;
• poor hygiene: dirty hands, unwashed vegetables and fruits;
• overeating.

Internal diseases:

• infections: salmonellosis, dysentery, gastroenteritis, rotavirus;
• inflammation of the mucous membrane in the stomach, intestines, esophagus;
• allergy;
• gastrointestinal diseases: ulcers, chronic colitis, enteritis, gastric achylia, pancreatic insufficiency;
• internal hemorrhoids;
• Crohn's disease;
• renal failure.

So the cause of diarrhea in a child can be the most various pathologies And age characteristics body. But with the same frequency, the causes are poor nutrition and poor hygiene. Therefore, parents need to carefully monitor these aspects to avoid such trouble. Depending on where exactly the failure occurred, diarrhea can be of different types.

Note to parents. Diarrhea caused by stressful situation, called bear disease. It happens in children if for some reason they are afraid to go to kindergarten or school, or because of family conflicts. To eliminate such diarrhea, you need to give a sedative, take a relaxing herbal bath, and then advanced cases- go with your child to see a psychologist.

Species

Depending on the causes and mechanism of its occurrence, diarrhea in children occurs different types. Based on the classification, doctors prescribe treatment.

Depending on the reasons

• Infectious

The cause can be any infectious disease: dysentery, salmonellosis, foodborne diseases, viruses, amoebiasis. Until a child is 2 years old, in winter he often becomes hostage to viral diarrhea. The incubation period can last several days. It all starts with vomiting, continues with diarrhea, and ultimately ends with fever, muscle pain and headache (read about diarrhea with vomiting in). Average duration- week.

• Nutritional

The main reason is a long-term violation of the diet, a monotonous diet poor in vitamins, food allergies to foods or medications.

• Dyspeptic

The reason is a disrupted digestive process due to secretory insufficiency of the liver, stomach, small intestine, pancreas.

• Toxic

This is the result renal failure or poisoning (most often from arsenic or mercury).

• Medication

It is a consequence of suppression of the intestinal flora and dysbacteriosis by antibiotics (less often by other drugs).

• Neurogenic

The reason is stress, anxiety, fear, anxiety, depression.

Depending on the flow mechanism

• Hypokinetic: pasty, liquid, small amount, foul odor as a result of a reduced rate of movement of food through the intestines.
• Hypersecretory: abundant, watery diarrhea- a consequence of increased secretion of salts and water into the intestines.
• Hyperkinetic: scant, liquid, mushy, the reason is the increased speed of food movement through the intestines.
• Hyperexudative: watery, not abundant, formed when liquid penetrates into the inflamed intestine.
• Osmolar: fatty, abundant, with remnants of undigested food, occurs with reduced absorption of salts and water by the intestines.

In addition, depending on the severity of the disease, doctors may diagnose the child with chronic or acute diarrhea. The first continues throughout three weeks, the second one can be stopped during this period.

This does not apply to some specific situations. For example, it is impossible to say exactly how many days dental diarrhea can last: for some it may be a one-time occurrence, for others it will torment the child until the tooth comes out. This sometimes takes a week or even more. Treatment will depend not only on these classifications, but also on the nature of the bowel movements and accompanying symptoms.

This also happens. When going on vacation with your child, keep in mind that he may develop “traveler’s diarrhea,” which is diagnosed when the climate changes. After adaptation, the stool disorder will disappear.

Clinical picture

Everyone is accustomed to the fact that children's yellow diarrhea is to some extent the norm, indicating the absence of serious pathologies in the body. The most common cause is indigestion due to poor quality food. But there are times when a child’s liquid feces are of a completely different color, and even with different impurities. By carefully studying them, parents will be able to understand the cause of diarrhea and respond to this problem in a timely manner.

• Light

Diarrhea that is too light in a child can have the most various reasons, among which is this dangerous disease like hepatitis.

• Watery

Mucous, water diarrhea - common symptom intestinal infections, overeating, intolerance to cow's milk. General condition the child does not suffer. Quickly leads to dehydration. Very dangerous for infants.

• Bloody

Bloody stools indicate bacterial infection. With greenish lumps and red streaks - dysentery. Green or orange flakes - salmonellosis or coli infection. At the same time, the temperature rises.

• White

Particular attention should be paid to diarrhea white. In most cases, it is not dangerous for infants, as it is a reaction to breast milk. But at an older age, white diarrhea is the main symptom of hepatitis.

• Green

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Medicines to treat diarrhea in childhood

Diarrhea in a child is dangerous due to its complications, so it is extremely important to start it timely treatment effective medications. Most effective drugs for diarrhea they belong to the group of enterosorbents. It's so wide known drugs, like Smecta, Enterosgel and Micromorba. Once in the baby’s body, these drugs absorb various poisons and toxins and then remove them naturally. Depending on the diagnosis, doctors may prescribe other medications, the main component of which is the bacterium Bacillus subtilis strain IP 5832, which does not live in the body healthy child. Thanks to this bacterium, it forms in the digestive tract acidic environment, preventing the processes of decay and reducing the manifestations of flatulence. In addition, this microorganism increases the body's defenses and promotes the regeneration of damaged intestinal mucosa. Preparations containing Bacillus subtilis IP 5832 are allowed for use simultaneously with antibiotics, since their effectiveness in this case remains unchanged. Once in the patient’s body, this bacterium suppresses vital activity. pathogenic microorganisms, restores the intestinal microflora and is completely painlessly eliminated naturally after a couple of days.

Severe diarrhea involves taking medications that negatively affect the intestinal microflora. Therefore, to restore it, experts recommend supplementing the course of treatment with drugs containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which eliminate digestive problems. The most famous drugs in this group are Lactulose and Hilak-Forte. Regular use of these medications for a month allows you to restore the level of “friendly” microorganisms and strengthen immune system child.

Treatment of diarrhea is strictly individual for each person little patient and depends on the frequency of symptoms and the severity of the disease. In addition, the cause of indigestion cannot always be reliably established. Most medications aimed at getting rid of diarrhea are over-the-counter and can be purchased freely at any pharmacy. However, if you purchase a drug that was not prescribed by a doctor, parents should be aware that they take full responsibility for the health of their own child.

You should also take into account age restrictions for anti-diarrhea medications, because often what helped an adult cope with the problem is absolutely not suitable for a child and can only worsen the situation. Besides, home first aid kit should be reviewed from time to time to identify expired medications. It is extremely important when carrying out a course of treatment for diarrhea to follow the dosage recommended by the doctor, because it depends on age, weight and individual characteristics the body of each individual child. Most medications become unusable if storage conditions are violated, so they should be kept in a dry place, away from direct sun rays, in compliance with the necessary temperature regime. High temperature, as well as too low, significantly reduces the effectiveness of medications, and often even makes them harmful to the body. This is especially true for liquid medicines, such as syrups or drops, which are sometimes mistakenly stored in the freezer.

When should you see a doctor if your child has severe diarrhea (diarrhea)?

Almost all mothers and fathers have met more than once similar situation at your child. You can overcome it yourself at home, but if it happens in mild form. Severe cases require consultation with a doctor, and sometimes hospitalization in a medical facility. This form of the disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1 upon expiration three days no improvement is observed;

2 body temperature quickly rises to 40 degrees;

3 the chair acquired the color of tar;

4 vomiting occurs;

5 the child weakens, becomes pale-skinned, and has sunken eyes;

6 Diarrhea in newborns.

Diarrhea in a child is a big stress for the baby’s body. If vomiting is also added to it, this leads to loss of fluid and disruption of the water-salt balance. This process entails dehydration, which can result in death. Therefore, it is very important for every parent to remember that if the first signs of illness appear in a child, they should immediately consult a specialist. Self-medication can lead to serious problems with the health of your child!

A brief overview of other drugs used to combat diarrhea and its consequences:

1 Regidron - restores the acid-base balance. There are no contraindications for age.

2 Gastrolite – normalizes electrolyte balance.

3 Smecta - cleanses the body well of toxic substances and toxins. Children really like it because it comes in different flavors.

4 Imodium – stops diarrhea due to decreased intestinal motility. Children under 6 years of age should not use the drug.

5 Loperamide - reduces intestinal motility. Allowed for use by children over 2 years old.

6 Enterosgel – absorbs toxic substances, allergens, microorganisms, then helps eliminate them naturally. You can take it from the first days of a child’s life.

7 Enterol – has an antitoxic effect, improves intestinal function. Age limit– newborns.

8 Baktisubtil - restores intestinal microflora, stops diarrhea. The drug is used for children only from the age of seven.

9 Linex is an antidiarrheal agent. Restores intestinal microflora. Approved for use from the first days of a child’s life.

10 Filter - envelops the intestinal wall, preventing further penetration of microbes into the body. Designed for infants.

11 Microsorb-P – has an enterosorbing effect, relieves symptoms of intoxication of the body. There are no age restrictions.

12 Enterodesis – binds pathogenic microbes and promotes elimination naturally. Can be used by children after one year.

13 Hilak-forte – normalizes intestinal flora.

The child should take only those medications and in the amount prescribed by the doctor. It is imperative to pay attention to the expiration date of the drugs.

How to properly treat diarrhea in a child?

Diarrhea in children is a signal that there is a problem in the body. Before you treat diarrhea, you should find out the cause of its occurrence. And most parents make the biggest mistake of starting therapy with symptoms. Let's consider possible reasons and types of diarrhea:

1 infectious diarrhea – occurs after ingesting expired or dirty foods. Due to infection rotavirus infection Diarrhea may occur. This disease occurs with vomiting, fever, rashes, and general weakening of the body. In this case, enterosorbents and rehydrants will help. The duration of the illness is one week;

2 nutritional diarrhea - appears with a monotonous diet, a small amount of vitamins and microelements. The chair becomes green, mucus forms. Probiotics and rehydrating agents are used for treatment. This disease can develop into a chronic form;

3 dyspeptic disorder – occurs against the background insufficient quantity enzymes for digestion. Particles remain in the stool undigested food. First of all, the child is examined by a gastroenterologist. In the future, probiotics are prescribed, enzyme preparations. This type of diarrhea can be prolonged;

4 toxic diarrhea - appears in kidney failure when they enter the body toxic substances. Characterized by painful sensations in the epigastric area, increased temperature, and the appearance of blood streaks in the stool. Treatment: gastric lavage with powerful sorbents, prescription of antidotes;

5 drug-induced diarrhea - in most cases occurs when taking antibiotics. The stool becomes liquid and takes on a greenish color. To combat the problem, probiotics are prescribed;

Neurological type 6 – appears against the background of experienced stress and severe anxiety. Antidiarrheals are used for treatment, which reduce intestinal motility.

If a child has severe diarrhea, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, what should be done before the doctor arrives?

Infant:

1 give the baby breast (formula) more often;

2 In addition to milk (mixture), give ready-made drink - 60-120 ml. after each case of vomiting/diarrhea;

3 if the child does not yet know how to drink on his own, then drink from a small spoon or a 5-10 cc syringe;

4 let the baby drink until his thirst is quenched;

5 if vomiting occurs immediately after drinking, try drinking again, only more slowly and with short breaks;

6 if the child does not want to drink or eat, or vomits immediately after drinking for 4 hours, consult a doctor immediately!

Child over one year old:

1 It is not necessary to change the baby’s diet, but you should give more meat and fermented milk products, boiled vegetables, crackers, rice, applesauce. It is necessary to exclude all sweets;

2 if symptoms do not go away within 4 hours, use a drinking solution. The dose is calculated according to the following scheme: per kilogram of the child’s weight, 50 ml. ready-made product. Further treatment follows the following program: 10 ml/kg of weight after each new diarrhea, 2 ml/kg of weight after each vomiting;

3 the child should be given as much water as he can drink;

4 if vomiting occurs immediately after drinking, try drinking again, only more slowly and with short breaks;

5 if the baby does not want to drink or eat, or vomits immediately after drinking for 4 hours, consult a doctor immediately!

Tablets for diarrhea, severe diarrhea for children and adults X

Has great value adhere to this rule: it is prohibited to use this or that medicine without consulting a doctor! Before use, carefully read the instructions for use of the drug. If you suspect an infectious disease or damage to the gastrointestinal tract, self-medication is out of the question. The expected result of the drug depends solely on the specific case and the cause of the disorder.

Enterosorbents for the treatment of diarrhea in children and adults:

1 Enterosgel – helps restore microflora digestive tract, removes toxic elements from the body, strengthens the stool. At intestinal obstruction It is better to avoid the use of this remedy.

Main component: polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate.

Price: within 250-320 rubles.

2 Smecta - prescribed for allergic, infectious, and also drug-induced diarrhea. Relieves heartburn and bloating.

Main component: dioctahedral smectite.

Price: from 15 rubles per sachet.

3 Polysorb MP – promotes the removal of toxic elements, allergens, and pathogenic bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract. It has proven itself to be effective in cases of poisoning and indigestion of unknown nature.

Main component: colloidal silicon dioxide.

Price: from 250 rubles.

4 Activated carbon and its analogues - used when consuming too much large quantity food, food poisoning, mild intestinal disorder. The drug cannot be used when open wounds intestines.

Main component: activated carbon of plant or animal origin.

Price: from 12 rubles.

5 Polyphepan is the fastest absorbing agent, it begins to act in a few minutes. Absorbs allergens and toxic elements.

Price: from 85 to 100 rubles.

6 Gastrolite – has an enveloping effect. Prevents disruption of water-salt balance in the body.

Main components: electrolyte substances.

Price: within 200-250 rubles.

7 Filtrum STI - used during periods of intoxication and allergic diarrhea, as well as intestinal infections.

Main component: hydrolytic lignin.

Price: from 60 rubles.

Antimicrobial tablets for the treatment of diarrhea in adults and children:

1 Loperamide and its analogues - reduces intestinal motility. Can be used for diarrhea different types. Do not use for intestinal ulcers, infectious diseases, as well as pregnant women.

Main component: loperamide.

Price: from 10 to 12 rubles.

2 Phthalazole - treats intestinal infections and diarrhea of ​​various origins.

Main component: phthalylsulfathiazole.

Price: from 25 rubles.

3 Enterofuril - used for digestive disorders and diarrhea.

Main component: nifuroxazide.

Price: within 120-150 rubles.

4 Enterol – has immunoprotective and anti-anxiety properties. Shows good result with inflammation in the large intestine and infectious diarrhea. The use of the drug is excluded for women who are breastfeeding and pregnant, as well as newborns.

Main component: Saccharomyces boulardii.

Price: from 200 to 250 rubles.

5 Sulgin - prescribed for intestinal infections and diarrhea of ​​unknown nature. If you have kidney disease, use of the drug is prohibited.

Main component: sulfaguanidine.

Price: within 35-50 rubles.

Main components: tiliquinol, tilbroquinol and tiliquinol N-dodecyl sulfate.

Price: from 300 rubles.

7 Tannacomp – treats diarrhea caused by excessive a large number food consumption, climate change. Has an enveloping effect and relieves inflammation.

Main components: tannin albuminate and ethacridine lactate.

8 Furazolidone is an indispensable drug in the treatment of salmonellosis, dysentery, enterocolitis, etc. It is characterized by the elimination of microbes from the body and immunomodulatory properties. The use of the drug is excluded for pregnant women and during breastfeeding, newborns, people with renal or liver failure.

Main component: furazolidone.

Price: from 50 to 80 rubles.

Probiotics for diarrhea and severe diarrhea in children and adults

Such medicines The doctor prescribes for intestinal dysbiosis and for prevention while taking antibiotics:

1 Lactobacterin – normalizes intestinal microflora, digestive process and a chair. Not recommended for use with candidiasis and lactose intolerance.

Main components: dry lactobacilli.

Price: within 100-140 rubles.

2 Bifidobacterin - normalizes the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, has an immunomodulatory effect. Very effective for intestinal infections and dysfunction.

Main components: live bifidobacteria.

Price: from 100 to 140 rubles.

3 Bifikol - prescribed for the treatment of intestinal infections. Normalizes intestinal flora and kills bacteria harmful to the body.

Main components: live bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli strain.

Price: from 200 to 280 rubles.

4 Bifiform – used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders of various types, chronic disease digestive tract, acute diarrhea. During periods of serious disturbances in the functioning of the stomach, the use of the medicine is contraindicated.

What to give a child for diarrhea is a question that worries many parents. This condition poses a serious threat to the lives of young children, so parents should know what to do in this situation.

Everyone experiences diarrhea from time to time. This problem may occur due to intolerance to some product, mild infection or severe poisoning. Diarrhea (or diarrhea) is manifested by frequent loose stools up to five times a day. This problem poses a serious health hazard to children as it can cause dehydration.

In children under 10 years of age digestive system is already almost completely formed. Up to this point, the frequency of stool becomes regular, no more than twice a day.

Parents are more worried if an upset stomach occurs in an infant:

• The number of bowel movements in children under one year old can be about five times and this is considered normal, since enzyme system has not yet matured, and the child feeds on breast milk. The stool has a porridge-like consistency and yellow. They should not contain any foreign matter such as mucus or blood.
• When children are transferred from breast milk on the mixture, the character of the stool changes. It becomes brownish, thick, the frequency of bowel movements is two or three times a day.
• When you start introducing solid foods into your diet, you need to monitor your baby's stool. You can use it to find out which product is suitable and which is not. If diarrhea or constipation does not bother the child, then the new food does not harm digestion. In a year, children's stool becomes dense, and the number of bowel movements can be once or twice a day or every other day.

• If diarrhea occurs, the stool becomes watery, uncontrollable, and may be accompanied by pain and cramps in the abdomen, fever, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

At severe diarrhea the risk of dehydration increases sharply.

In children under six months of age, dehydration can occur very quickly, literally within a few hours after the onset of diarrhea. This happens because all the water leaves the body along with feces, nutrients, electrolytes.

The cause of diarrhea can be determined by the color and composition of stool:

• if there is foam in the child’s stool, then the cause is an intestinal infection;
• green stool is caused by staphylococcus;
• Swamp-colored stool occurs with salmonellosis;
• If feces white, the child may have hepatitis.

If diarrhea is accompanied severe vomiting, temperature rise, severe pain in the abdomen and blood in the stool, then only a doctor should treat the child.

How to treat diarrhea

You can begin to treat diarrhea in children only after finding out the cause of its occurrence. Some parents think it would be wise to give their baby antibiotics, but this should not be done.

If diarrhea is not due to bacteria, then use antibacterial drugs will cause dysbiosis in children and worsen their health.

Antibiotics can be given if prescribed by a doctor after a bacteriological analysis of stool.

Glucose-saline solutions

The first thing parents should watch out for when diarrhea occurs is to ensure that the child does not become dehydrated.

For this purpose, glucose-saline solutions are used. You can prepare it yourself or buy Regidron powder at the pharmacy. It needs to be diluted with water and given throughout the day.

Depending on their age, children need the following amount of fluid:

• at the age of 2-4 months 200 grams;
• from 4 to 12 months - half a liter if the child weighs 10 kg;
• from one to two years, if the baby weighs 10 kg 800 grams or more;
• from two to five years - up to 900 grams.

Also, if diarrhea occurs, you should not give dairy products, tea, or juice.

Sorbents

It is imperative to take these medications if you have diarrhea. They remove toxins, microbes, and pathogenic viruses from the body. They should be given from the first hours of diarrhea.

The most effective sorbents:

• Smecta. This remedy is approved for children from zero months. For children under one year old, one sachet is enough, which should be given during the day; from 1 to 2 years old, you can give one sachet at a time 2-3 times a day.

• Activated carbon. Also allowed for children from birth. For a child of several months, the tablet should be divided into required quantity parts, crush, stir with a little water and drink from a spoon.
• Filtrum. More effective than activated carbon. You can drink it from scratch for months. From one to three years, you can give half a tablet in several doses.
• Enterosgel. Allowed for children from one or two months. It is more convenient to give the product in the form of a paste. It is easier for a child to drink it.

Sorbents will help stop diarrhea. They are given no matter how many months or years old the child is. These drugs are also used to treat diarrhea in adults.

Probiotics and prebiotics

In combination with other drugs, it is necessary to treat diarrhea with probiotics and prebiotics. They are necessary to normalize intestinal microflora.

The following drugs are prescribed to drink more often:

• Bifiform baby. It can only be given if the baby is over one year old. You need to drink it once a day for 10 days. For children it is made with raspberry or orange flavor.

• Bifidumbacterin. Produced in powder form. You can store it in a warm room for no longer than 10 days. It is given to babies from birth for diarrhea, constipation and other intestinal disorders. You need to drink it for 7-10 days. If the child is older than one year severe diarrhea, then you need to take it for 10-14 days.

Prebiotics:

1. Hilak forte. It contains bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Regulates the balance and composition of intestinal microflora. The drug is prescribed from birth. You need to drink it for at least 10 days. You need to drink before or after meals.
2. Eubicor. Helps stop diarrhea in children from birth. A child under one and a half years old should be given a quarter of a sachet three times a day. It rarely causes allergies or side effects.

There are also syrups for diarrhea. But only a doctor should prescribe them. Syrup is easier to give to a child under one year old; it does not damage the stomach walls. Such drugs also do not provide negative influence on intestinal microflora. Any diarrhea syrup has these properties.

The active substances in their composition quickly reach the intestines without entering the blood. Therefore, it is better to use syrup for diarrhea. But it is important to remember that the doctor prescribes the medicine only after finding out the reasons.

Diarrhea with fever

Diarrhea with fever in a child under one year of age or older occurs as a result of ingestion of:

• staphylococcus;
• salmonella;
• streptococcus;
• coli.

The consequences for the body depend on how quickly treatment was started.

If diarrhea occurs, the temperature begins to rise, only a doctor should treat the problem, as they may develop serious illnesses. Before the doctor arrives, the child must be given sorbents to remove the infection from the body. If the temperature is very high, then you need to give your baby antipyretic drugs in the form of a suppository or syrup.

Only a doctor can completely stop fever and diarrhea. He will hold necessary diagnostics, will prescribe medications. It is necessary to follow the doctor's instructions. Self-medication may have serious consequences for the body.

Intestinal infections that cause fever can be stopped by:

• enterosorbents;
• rehydration substances;

• probiotics.

If the baby is breastfed, then you should not refuse it, since mother’s milk has a beneficial effect on the condition of the intestines. If he is fed formulas, then it is better to switch to those based on soy.

If a child has diarrhea and fever, a doctor must be called urgently.

Such symptoms are infectious and non-communicable diseases. Treatment may be completely different.

Folk remedies and prevention of diarrhea

This remedy also envelops the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, thereby protecting against the influence of harmful substances.

Children under one year old should be given one hundred grams of decoction. For older kids suitable dosage is a quarter glass once every few hours. This treatment should continue for two days. After the diarrhea stops, the medicine is discontinued. It happens that the baby does not want to drink the medicine. To improve the taste, milk should not be added. In this situation, you should try to give at least 50 grams of the product per spoon.

Rice water has been used for many years. Even doctors recommend it. But before treating your child, you must consult a pediatrician.

To prevent stomach upset and to stop infection from entering the child’s body, you must follow these rules:

• The dishes with which the baby eats must be dry. Bacteria multiply in moisture, so the bottle must not only be boiled, but also dried;
• It is better not to pour food from one dish to another;
• introduce new foods gradually and under the supervision of a pediatrician.

– stomach or intestinal upset, when the child has stool up to 5 times a day or more. It has a liquid consistency and may contain particles of undigested food. Diarrhea in a 1-year-old child has its own peculiarity - with diarrhea, signs of dehydration rapidly increase. If you don’t take effective measures, you can worsen the baby’s condition so much that it becomes real threat not only his health, but also his life.

Nutritional diarrhea can occur even in a one-year-old child.

Since the digestive system at this age is not yet fully formed, any errors in care, violations, or the entry of viruses and bacteria into the body can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea itself is not a disease, it is a symptom of various diseases.

Distinguish them from each other, conduct an examination and prescribe correct treatment only a specialist can: a pediatrician, pediatric gastroenterologist. Types of diarrhea and its causes in children aged 1 year:

• Infectious diarrhea. The causative agents of this type of diarrhea are salmonella, dysentery bacillus, (intestinal flu).
• Alimentary diarrhea. Its cause is the side effects of potent drugs, allergic reactions, errors in child care, such as dietary disturbances.
• Toxic diarrhea. The reason is poisoning from poor-quality food, medicines, household chemicals or kidney failure.
• Dyspeptic diarrhea. The reason is the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract, when immature organs are not able to adequately perceive new look food. This reason becomes irrelevant after 2 years.
• Drug-induced diarrhea. Reason – long-term use antibiotics caused the imbalance.
• Neurogenic diarrhea. The reason is strong emotional stress.

Knowing the cause of diarrhea, you can more effectively treat the underlying disease. To diagnose a child, it is carried out laboratory test stool for infectious agents, anamnesis data is collected.

Additional symptoms of diarrhea

A child constantly asking to drink is a symptom of dehydration.

In addition to frequent loose stools, symptoms of diarrhea may include: blood and mucus in the stool, bloating or bloating in the lower abdomen, hyperthermia.

With infectious diarrhea, the temperature can reach 39-40? C, diarrhea is accompanied sharp deterioration condition, the child cries and refuses to eat.

In the neurogenic form, its symptoms include rapid heartbeat, hyperthermia, and a state of excessive excitement.

Parents of young children need to know the signs of dehydration so they can immediately respond to them and seek qualified help in time. Most likely, a 1-year-old child with diarrhea will require urgent hospitalization. Symptoms of dehydration:

1. The baby constantly asks for a drink.
2. His mucous membranes are dry, his skin is inelastic, and the child’s lips dry out.
3. The child constantly sleeps, is indifferent to stimuli or, conversely, is very excited.
4. Very little urine is produced and it is of an intense dark color.
5. Breathing becomes faster and the heart rate increases (tachycardia).

If the body has lost up to 10% of fluid, general disorders functions of his organs. If the loss is 20% or more, the disorders can become irreversible, and the person falls into a coma. More than 25% fluid loss leads to death. , accompanying diarrhea, causes additional fluid loss, and further aggravates the situation.

Features of the treatment of diarrhea in children

Regidron is used for rehydration.

Since diarrhea is not an independent disease, but separate symptom, you need to make a correct diagnosis. If the doctor believes that diarrhea does not pose a great danger and can be treated in outpatient setting, he prescribes treatment.

Under no circumstances should you give your child medications on your own. The doctor may prescribe:

• enterosorbents for removing toxins,
• cytomutoprotectors to protect the intestinal walls,
• antipyretics,
• antispasmodics,
• drugs to restore water and electrolyte balance.

The most important thing in treating frequent diarrhea in a 1-year-old child is restoring lost fluid. For rehydration use Oralit - pharmaceutical drugs. They are bred and given to the baby in accordance with the instructions. The child needs to be given water every 7-15 minutes, giving him 1-2 teaspoons of the diluted product.

If necessary, you can prepare such a solution yourself. To do this, stir in a liter boiled water a teaspoon of fine salt, half a teaspoon of soda, a tablespoon of sugar. You can replace soda with the juice of two oranges or grapefruits. At the same time, the sugar rate doubles. For diarrhea, use safe means without side effects enterosorbents are considered:

1. Microsorb. Analogue activated carbon, available in various dosage forms: capsules, granules, powder or paste for suspension. For children under one year of age, it is most convenient to use the drug in the form of an aqueous suspension. Its daily dose is calculated depending on the child’s weight: 0.5 g per kg, unless the doctor prescribes a different dosage.
2. Polysorb. Powerful cleanser child's body from harmful toxins. It has a specific taste, is not absorbed through the walls of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, but it absorbs like a sponge. harmful substances. Polysorb for children 1 year of age is used diluted in compote or tea. One dose requires less than a teaspoon; you can repeat this medication 2-3 times a day. It is more convenient to give the medicine through a syringe with the needle removed. Unused suspension must be disposed of at the end of the day.
3. . A very convenient drug to use, produced in the form of a gel or paste, ready for use, sweetish in taste and with pleasant smell. The product envelops the intestinal walls, protecting it from damage. It does not enter the bloodstream, it acts like a sponge, capturing waste products from the intestines and bringing them out. For children aged 1 year, a dose of the drug of 5-10 g is needed, divided into two doses.
4. . The drug acts as an adsorbent, creating a protective coating on the mucous membrane, protecting it from rotaviruses and other microorganisms. Available in powder form, packaged in sachets. Children aged 1 year need to take one sachet per day. It is diluted with juice or compote and given to the child, dividing the product into two doses.

Diet and diet

It is necessary to introduce rice water into the diet.

If a child refuses to eat, there is no need to insist; a few hours without food will benefit the body. This reaction protects the digestive organs from excessive strain. With the appearance of appetite, careful introduction of light foods into the diet begins:

• or rice porridge without milk, salt and butter,
• white bread croutons with lean broth from rabbit, chicken, turkey,
• banana or puree from this fruit,
• jelly,
• boiled potatoes without butter and adding milk;
• apple without peel.

If breastfeeding is not yet maintained at this age, then you can put the baby to the breast without restrictions. Food is offered frequently, but in limited portions. Drink plenty of fluids- necessary for diarrhea. In case of frequent diarrhea, a child should drink at least 100–150 ml of liquid per hour. It is better if it is ordinary boiled water.

Compliance with hygiene measures for diarrhea in a 1 year old child

Baby's toys need to be washed daily laundry soap.

If your baby has frequent bowel movements, you need to special attention on the hygiene of the area around. It becomes irritated, redness and itching appear, and the child is sensitive to attempts to touch the skin.

To prevent this irritation from occurring, you need to wash the baby more often or wipe the area around the anus with wet wipes, lubricate with baby cream or dry the skin with powder.

Adults caring for a baby with diarrhea should wash their hands frequently with soap after hygiene procedures, before feeding, . Children's underwear should be washed separately from adults' underwear. Bed and underwear are ironed with a hot iron. The room where the child is located is regularly ventilated and wet cleaned with disinfectants.

The baby’s toys are washed daily with laundry soap, and his dishes are doused with boiling water during illness. It is advisable to limit as much as possible the child’s contact with strangers, do not attend various events with him. These precautions are dictated by the fact that the baby’s immunity after diarrhea and related diseases is reduced, and the body is not able to give an adequate response additional sources infections.

Diarrhea, or, as it is called in everyday life, diarrhea, is a reaction of the intestinal muscles and anal sphincter to provoking factors. For a number of reasons, these muscles begin to contract at an excessive speed and push out feces. Diarrhea often occurs in children; there are many reasons for this, both internal and external. In a child, diarrhea can develop as a result of stress, poor nutrition or an unusual product that appears in the diet. Diarrhea is also considered a marker of ill health or problems in the body. Today, the text discusses popular remedies for children against diarrhea, as well as for what reasons a child may experience diarrhea and what medicine should be chosen depending on this.

According to medical statistics, childhood diarrhea ranks second in prevalence, following after ARVI. Due to the greater vulnerability of the child's body, diarrhea in children is many times more dangerous than in adults, so measures must be taken promptly. But before you choose medicinal product, it’s worth figuring out why the child is diarrhea.

First, let's define what doctors consider diarrhea. This is a multiple unformed stool. However, when applied to young children, this description of the disease is not entirely correct. There are medical standards that differ depending on the age of the child.

Table 1. Normal stool in children from birth to one year

Child's age	Characteristics of defecation
From birth to one week of age	Stool is possible up to ten times a day. Meconium and transitional stool (dark olive-colored paste), the contents that were inside before the first breastfeeding or formula are released from the intestines.
From one week of age to six months	Stool occurs five to seven times a day and has a creamy, light brown consistency with a sour odor.
From six months to a year	Stools two to three times a day, soft, not completely formed, light brown in color.
Over one year old	Once or twice a day, the child defecates, the stool is formed, and acquires the characteristic smell of adult feces.

This table reflects the average norms, so parents should only focus on the data presented, adjusting the norm individually for their child. However, a significant deviation from the information provided is a cause for concern.

Doctors distinguish five types of diarrhea depending on the mechanics of its occurrence:

1. Osmolar – stool is fatty, profuse, residues are found in the stool dietary fiber, occurs due to impaired absorption of liquid and salt by the intestines.
2. Hyperkinetic - scanty, fatty, mushy stools that occur when food mass moves through the intestines at an excessive rate.
3. Hyperexudative - light, watery stools with mucus and blood, which occurs with inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Hypokinetic – mushy stool with a foul odor, occurs due to the slow movement of food in the intestines.
5. Hypersecretory – watery, profuse stool due to a lot of fluid and salts in the intestines.

If a child has one of the listed types of stool, bowel movements occur repeatedly over a short period of time (three to four times in an hour), the baby shows obvious anxiety, his tummy is swollen, and touching him causes discomfort - these are symptoms of diarrhea. There can be a lot of reasons for such a disorder, but they are all grouped by type.

Causes of diarrhea in children

Most often, young parents first encounter diarrhea in a child under the age of one year. For infants there are special reasons causing diarrhea against the background of full health:

1. Immaturity, formation of the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Lactose or enzyme deficiency.
3. Reaction to teething.
4. Reaction to mother's milk (the woman introduced an unusual product to the baby's diet)
5. Reaction to the first feeding or any new product on the menu.
6. Rejection of formula or product that replaces breast milk.

Of course, at infants and in older children, diarrhea also appears due to other factors, the list of which is quite extensive.

If the cause of childhood diarrhea is not due to illness or poisoning, it seems that there is no particular danger to the baby. Many parents think that diarrhea will go away on its own when the cause that provokes it disappears - for example, a tooth cuts through or the child gets used to a new product.

Liquid, repeated stools actively remove water from the baby’s body, dehydrating the tissues of all organs and thickening the blood. How younger age child, the more dangerous diarrhea is for him. There are three stages of dehydration, and in infants under one year of age, the third stage occurs very quickly, within a few hours. How can you tell if your baby is suffering from dehydration?

1. First stage– the child urinates less often, cries without tears, mucous membranes oral cavity dry, hot skin.
2. Second stage– the baby becomes lethargic, the temperature rises, the eyes are sunken, the skin becomes dry, flabby, and does not straighten quickly when slightly pinched.
3. Third stage– the child falls into an unconscious state, there is no urination, and in infants the fontanel collapses. In this condition, the kidneys may fail, and the functioning of the brain and heart may be disrupted.

These frightening facts suggest that parents must take action as soon as they discover that their child has an increased heart rate. loose stool. The first thing to do is prevent dehydration.

First steps for diarrhea in a child

Diarrhea in a child does not necessarily indicate general deterioration well-being. The baby may be cheerful and active, and, apart from bowel movements, not experience any discomfort. In this case, the parent needs to provide three main points.

Moment #1. Compliance with drinking regime.

To prevent dehydration, the child should receive fluid at least every twenty minutes. If the baby agrees to drink on his own, you can offer him unsweetened compote or fruit drink, water at room temperature. If the child refuses to drink, the liquid is given through a syringe without a needle or from a spoon, at intervals of five to ten minutes.

Moment No. 2. Creating comfort.

It is better to reduce physical activity by laying down or sitting the child so that he is comfortable. If your baby wears a diaper, you need to change it after every bowel movement, even a small one. Should not be used toilet paper or napkins - after diarrhea the baby is washed warm water, you can use a chamomile solution.

Moment No. 3. Feeding the right food.

Diarrhea that is not accompanied by fever, weakness and vomiting is not a reason to deny your child food. Offer fresh healthy products: vegetable soups, rice on water, lean meat or chicken. If the baby is breastfed, the breast can be given on demand or offered every ten to twenty minutes.

Treatment of diarrhea in a child

When the parents have completed all the necessary first manipulations, you need to think about a way to stop the diarrhea. In mild cases, it is not forbidden to independently decide to take medication, but if the cause of loose stools is unclear or the symptoms manifest themselves seriously and complexly (severe profuse diarrhea, vomiting, elevated temperature, weakness, convulsions) – you should immediately call a doctor.

A visit to the hospital is necessary to reliably establish the cause of diarrhea in a child. Depending on the medical history, complaints and symptoms, the doctor will prescribe diagnostic studies, including a coprogram, blood and urine tests, stool cultures, contrast X-ray of the intestines, ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity or examination of the rectum using an endoscope.

It is worth understanding that medications will be prescribed depending on the cause of the diarrhea. If we are talking about indigestion, then enzyme-containing drugs are additionally prescribed to the medicine that relieves diarrhea; if the cause of diarrhea is stress, then fixative and astringents sedatives will be added, probiotics will be prescribed for dysbiosis, and so on. However, the basis of treatment in any case will be antidiarrheal drugs.

Drug treatment for diarrhea

All drugs for diarrhea are divided into several groups. We will look at medicines from each group, highlighting the most common ones that are trusted and popular among parents of children of different ages.

Table 3. Antimicrobials

Name	Photo	Characteristic	Release form	Approximate cost
"Sulgin"		Used for infectious diarrhea, colitis, dysentery. Contraindicated for infants.	Pills	50 – 90 rubles for 10 pieces
"Tannacomp"		Adsorbent agent astringent action, relieves pain, eliminates bacteria.	Gelatin-coated tablets.	About 5000 rubles for 50 pieces.
"Intetrix"		Effective in the fight against diarrhea caused by fungi, infection, lack of microelements, dysbacteriosis.	Capsules	450-600 rubles for 20 pieces.
"Alfa-Normix"		Helps the body during climate change, has an effect against microbes and inflammation, and is effective against viruses and infections.	Tablets for children are available in the form of a suspension.	590-770 rubles for 12 pieces, 690-880 rubles for 5 ml.
"Enterol"		Relieves intoxication, fights microbes, stimulates the production of enzymes.	Capsules or	290-350 rubles for 10 capsules or sachets.
		An effective drug that relieves acute diarrhea, is used for children older than one month.	Suspension, tablets	300-350 rubles for 5 ml, 250-300 rubles for 24 tablets.
"Fthalazol"		Prescribed for dysentery and other infectious processes in the gastrointestinal tract.	Pills	30-60 rubles for 10 pieces.

Table 4. Drugs that inhibit peristalsis

Name	Photo	Characteristic	Release form	Approximate cost
"Loperamide"		These are drugs similar action, increasing the residence time of food mass in the intestines. Medicines slow down intestinal motility, contract the muscles of the anus, and reduce the urge to defecate. They are, in fact, relieving the symptoms of diarrhea.	Tablets, capsules	10-50 rubles for 10 pieces
"Lopedium"			Tablets, capsules	40-70 rubles for 20 pieces
			Lozenges	200-250 rubles for 6 pieces
"Stopran"			Capsules	120-180 rubles for 8 capsules
			Capsules, chewable tablets	30-50 rubles for 10 tablets, 100-130 rubles for 12 chewable tablets.
"Enterobene"			Pills	100 rubles for 10 pieces

Table 5. Probiotics Supporting the Body

Name	Photo	Characteristic	Release form	Approximate cost
		Prescribed for viral and infectious diarrhea, dysentery, salmonellosis, colitis.	Powder for preparing suspension	250-280 rubles for 10 doses
		Improves digestion, metabolic processes, increases local immunity, acts against diarrhea.	Powder for preparing suspension	190-240 rubles for 10 doses
		Normalizes microflora in the intestines.	Capsules	300 – 330 rubles for 16 capsules
		A remedy for diarrhea, prescribed to children with diagnoses of “Colitis”, “Dysbacteriosis”, and is effective for infectious diarrhea.	Capsules	330 – 370 rubles for 30 capsules
"Normabakt"		Normalizes loose stools, helps with loss of appetite, and relieves nausea.	Powder	450-550 rubles for 10 sachets
"Hilak Forte"		Fights diarrhea, balances intestinal microflora.	Drops	280-330 rubles for 30 ml.

Table 6. Sorbents

Name	Photo	Characteristic	Release form	Approximate cost
"Polysorb"		Binds the contents of the intestines, removes toxins, adsorbs, fights harmful microorganisms, bacteria, and saves in case of poisoning.	Air powder	260 – 285 rubles per 50 grams
		Removes toxins and poisons, allergens from the intestines, pathogenic bacteria, frees you from an overabundance of medications.	Paste	400-450 rubles for 225 grams
"Polyphepan"		It has an adsorbing and detoxifying effect, removes bacteria and the remains of toxic substances from the intestines.	Powder	50 rubles per package
"Gastrolit"		Has an astringent effect, relieves well frequent urge to defecation, normalizes, restores water balance.	Powder	250 to 360 rubles for 15 packages
"Filtrum Sti"		Used when acute diarrhea, helps with infectious diarrhea, food poisoning.	Pills	200-250 rubles for 50 pieces

Table 7. Enzyme-containing preparations

Name	Photo	Characteristic	Release form	Approximate cost
		Helps with diarrhea caused by enzyme deficiency.	Capsules	300-350 rubles for 20 pieces
		Indicated for disorders of the pancreas that cause diarrhea.	Tablets, capsules	30-60 rubles for 20 tablets, 200-250 rubles for 20 capsules.

Table 8. Homeopathy, dietary supplements

Name	Photo	Characteristic	Release form	Approximate cost
		It is used for intestinal infections, diarrhea while taking antibiotics, and poisoning.	Capsules, powder	800-1000 rubles for 140 grams of powder or 600-700 rubles for 50 capsules
		Prescribed for diarrhea caused by food allergies, dysbacteriosis, liver diseases.	Pills	300-330 rubles for 30 pieces.

Folk remedies for diarrhea

For uncomplicated diarrhea in a baby, it is effective to use folk recipes. Despite the fact that this type of therapy seems harmless, it is necessary to strictly follow the dosage of all components, and also consult with a pediatrician about any of the recipes listed below. We offer the safest products that have been used by more than one generation of parents and reviews about similar treatment positive.

Enemas with a soft pink solution of potassium permanganate. Suitable for children over one year old. It is necessary to dissolve a couple of crystals of potassium permanganate in water, and then dilute drops of the solution in a larger volume of water until a barely noticeable pink tint is obtained. The enema can be done once, before going to bed.

Approximate color of potassium permanganate solution

Blueberry or bird cherry fruits. One or two handfuls of dry, frozen or fresh berries pour a mug of boiling water and leave under the lid until it cools. The child is offered half a glass as his main drink.

Pomegranate peel. Dried pomegranate peels grind (can be done in a coffee grinder or by hand), pour a tablespoon with two glasses of water and heat in a water bath for about half an hour. The broth is cooled and offered to the child a teaspoon three times a day.

Video - Diarrhea or loose stools, when should you worry?

Let's summarize

An upset bowel movement in a child can occur due to dozens of reasons, and before choosing a remedy for diarrhea, this reason must be established and understood. Incorrect amateurish treatment can cause even more harm to the baby’s delicate body than the parents’ inaction. Therefore, it is important to listen sensitively to all symptoms and be ready to call for help. medical worker, who will name the factors that caused diarrhea and competently describe the treatment.