Nutrition for anemia in the elderly. Anemia in the elderly Nutrition for anemia in the elderly

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Microelements, despite their low content in the human body, play important role in metabolism. Lack of iron leads to such a serious disorder metabolic processes like iron deficiency anemia.

It manifests itself in the form of weakness, frequent dizziness, fatigue, weak immunity, irritability, pallor. The treatment of anemia is based on ensuring iron intake by changing diet.

What are the features of the diet? iron deficiency anemia(mild or medium degree severity), how to organize proper nutrition during treatment and create a menu for adults, including the elderly and pregnant women? You will learn about this from our article.

Table number 11

Iron deficiency anemia is classified by medical dietetics as a disease that requires increased nutrition.

It does not imply an increase in the volume or calorie content of food, but greater saturation minerals and vitamins.

For people suffering from anemia, the most important element, the presence of which should be increased will be iron.

To saturate the diet with iron, use animal protein - beef, chicken, turkey, eggs. To maintain the level of calorie intake, the consumption of simple carbohydrates is slightly limited.

This diet involves avoiding foods that irritate the walls of the gastrointestinal tract - spicy, overly sour, salty..

Impact on the body

Mild forms of anemia can be corrected with diet alone. A selected diet can compensate for the lack of microelements relatively quickly - in two to three weeks.

If the iron deficiency is severe, then, in addition to table No. 11, iron-containing medications are prescribed.

Following this nutritional plan ensures normal functioning the body, helps restore its functions. As iron deficiency is replenished, weakness disappears, attacks of dizziness stop, and performance improves.

Pros and cons of nutritional therapy

Advantages of this diet:

ease of maintenance;
lack of strict restrictions;
possibility of long-term use;
general strengthening of the body, strengthening the immune system;
normalization of metabolic processes.

The disadvantages of a recovery diet are the increasing load on the kidneys caused by consuming more protein, and the inability to follow it during exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases.

Sample menu

	Breakfast	Lunch	Dinner	Afternoon snack	Dinner
Monday	Curd mass with raisins, white bread with butter, boiled egg, compote or rose hip decoction	Sandwich with boiled sausage, berry jelly	Pea soup on meat broth, vegetable stew, bread, compote	Fruit jelly, bun, natural lemonade	Cottage cheese casserole, apple jam, rosehip infusion
Tuesday	Oatmeal with blueberries, omelette, butter bun, chicory coffee drink	Bun with fruit filling, rosehip decoction	Cabbage soup with fresh cabbage, steamed cutlets with buckwheat, bread, berry juice	Grated carrot salad, apple jam pie, berry juice	Omelet, sandwich with boiled sausage, apple juice
Wednesday	Cheesecakes with sour cream, fresh apples or apple jam, fruit tea	Boiled meat sandwich, fruit jelly	Chicken vermicelli soup, stewed green beans, boiled beef, buckwheat bread, compote	Apple pie, kefir	Meat pie, cucumber salad, tomato juice
Thursday	Rice milk porridge with dried fruits, white bread with butter, compote	Pie with apple filling, fruit tea	Borscht with sour cream, boiled chicken with a side dish of fresh vegetables, bread, rosehip infusion	Fruit mousse, bun	Liver pie, fresh kaput salad, apple juice
Friday	Wheat flakes with milk or yogurt, boiled egg, white bread with boiled sausage	Butter bun, fruit jelly, compote	Solyanka with meat broth, steamed fish with broccoli puree, buckwheat bread, berry juice	Fresh apple, drinking yoghurt or fermented baked milk	Liver pancakes, fresh apple or pear, jelly
Saturday	Pancakes with cottage cheese, sour cream and berry jam, fruit tea	Pie with meat filling, rosehip decoction	Rice soup on chicken broth, baked fish with vegetables, bread, compote	Salad of fresh apples and bananas, dressed natural yoghurt, bun, tea with lemon	Meat casserole, baked apple, peach juice
Sunday	Buckwheat porridge with milk, fresh apple, white bread with butter, chicory coffee drink	Sandwich with fish, berry jelly	Mushroom soup with meat broth, cabbage and turkey stew, buckwheat bread, rosehip infusion	Fresh cabbage salad, bread, jelly	Pancakes with meat, fresh apple or peach, berry juice

When creating a menu for older people, one should take into account the high likelihood of gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation. Therefore, it is necessary to additionally introduce dried apricots, prunes, and beets into the diet, and increase the proportion of fresh vegetables and fruits and fermented milk products.

It is especially important to monitor proper nutrition if anemia is diagnosed during pregnancy.

Pregnant women, due to the increasing consumption of minerals and vitamins, require a greater presence of cereals, fish, and seafood in the diet.

They should be avoided potentially allergenic products- chocolate, citrus fruits.

Because eggs can also cause severe allergic reaction, their use should be limited, replacing with lean meat.

Men who do physical work need a lot of calories every day. If, despite the onset of illness, the patient continues to perform severe physical work, daily portions are increased accordingly.

What not to eat

Pathology does not require strict dietary restrictions, but doctors have compiled a list of foods that are undesirable for consumption. These include: fatty meat and fish, rich broths, lard, smoked meats, confectionery With high content fat, dishes with a lot of spices.

This prescription is due to the fact that consuming significant amounts of animal fats inhibits hematopoietic processes. Vegetable fats They do not have this property, so their content in the diet does not need to be reduced.

Products necessary for health

List healthy products power supply:

Sources of animal protein - beef, veal, liver, chicken, turkey, eggs, fish, seafood, caviar, dairy products.
Sources of vitamins - fresh vegetables and fruits, juices, berry fruit drinks, compotes, herbs.
Sources of vegetable protein - legumes, cabbage, nuts.
Sources vegetable fats- sunflower, olive oil.
The source of animal fats is butter.

Rules for creating a diet

There are several ways to absorb iron necessary conditions. It must be present in food in an easily digestible form. Iron contained in plant foods(apples, legumes), poorly digestible, only a small part of it becomes building material in the human body.

Iron compounds found in meat, called heme iron, are better suited.

The presence of calcium impairs the absorption of iron, so to make the diet more effective, you should not prepare dishes that combine meat and dairy products.

Another opponent of iron replenishment will be cereals, or more precisely, the phytates found in their composition. That's why It is not recommended to supplement meat dishes with side dishes from cereals and pasta . Vegetable side dishes will be a more successful companion for meat and fish.

Strong tea and coffee interfere with the absorption of iron-containing compounds, binding this necessary element. It is better to avoid these drinks while treating anemia, or at least not to drink them immediately after meals.

Duration

The diet is designed for long-term use.

Reversing iron deficiency requires continued effort, since the immediate intake of a large amount of this element into the body leads to poisoning.

Canceling the diet occurs when the level of iron in the blood normalizes. To determine this point in the treatment of anemia, a general blood test is regularly performed.

The eating habits developed during the treatment of anemia can be painlessly maintained in the future: such a diet provides the body with all the necessary substances.

One way to treat anemia due to iron deficiency is to follow a diet. Prescribed table No. 11 is enriched with animal protein.

It includes various products animal and plant origin, which allows you to eat varied. Compliance with the diet is necessary until hemoglobin levels are restored to normal levels.

Useful video

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One of the most common hematological problems in older people is anemia. Almost a quarter of such patients suffer from this pathology.

In the United States, the rate of detected anemia in people over 65 years of age is about 95 per 1000, and the higher the age, the more common anemia is. An interesting fact is that anemia is detected in most cases only when the patient comes for examination for another purpose.

Anemia in the elderly is not a pathological process hematological nature. Anemia occurs mainly against the background of other diseases. Anemia manifests itself specific symptoms and nonspecific, which arise in connection with the manifestation of the underlying disease.

Features of anemia in late age

In elderly people, the pathogenesis does not differ from the mechanisms of anemia development in other age groups;
Anemia occurs when certain etiological factors, such as deficiency of iron and vitamin B12, folic acid;
Masking of nonspecific manifestations of anemia under the guise of the underlying disease;
Anemia becomes an aggravating factor that complicates the course of heart and vascular diseases;
In the elderly, anemia is a consequence of chronic inflammatory processes, oncological diseases, nutritional deficiency;
An integrated approach is required in the treatment of anemia in the elderly.

Pathogenetic variants of anemia

Iron deficiency;
Iron redistribution;
Sideroachrestic;
B12 and folate deficiency;
Hemolytic;
Anemia in bone marrow failure;
Anemia with a combined pathogenetic mechanism;
Anemia associated with a decrease in red blood cell mass.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

This type of anemia is most common among older people.

The main signs and criteria of IDA are:

Low color index;
Decreased serum iron concentration;
Microcytosis and hypochromia of erythrocytes.
A decrease in ferritin in the blood and an increase in the iron-binding capacity of the blood serum (indicates the degree of iron deficiency).

The simplest diagnostic indicator is the color indicator, by changes in which one can suspect the appearance of anemia. Normally, its numbers range from 0.85 to 1.1. It is calculated by dividing the amount of hemoglobin by the number of red blood cells. The color index for IDA will always be equal to or below 0.7. IN general analysis blood, it is also possible to determine the hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (MCH). This indicator is normally 27-35 pg (picograms). In addition to these indicators, microcytes, that is, small red blood cells, can be detected in a blood smear.

In patients with hypochromia, the first thing to suspect in tests is IDA, since all types of IDA have a name hypochromic anemia.

The presence of anemia can be more accurately determined by measuring iron in the blood serum. This indicator must be clarified before prescribing iron-compensatory treatment, iron supplements or replenishment of the metal deficiency with red blood cells. Differential diagnosis in old people is carried out with B12-deficiency and folate-deficiency anemia.

Reasons for the development of IDA in the elderly

Chronic blood loss due to gastrointestinal bleeding, GER, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, nasal, renal and iatrogenic blood loss;
Impaired iron absorption due to enteritis, resection small intestine, malabsorption syndrome, gastric resection with exclusion of duodenal function;
High need for iron intake;
Impaired transport of iron in the blood plasma due to a lack of carrier proteins;
Nutritional deficiency.

More common reasons IDA in older people is chronic blood loss. With acute blood loss, shortness of breath, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure. Elderly patients with chronic blood loss may experience similar symptoms due to the presence of concomitant diseases cardiovascular system. In this case, the symptoms may be more pronounced.

Chronic blood loss mainly occurs from gastrointestinal tract, as mentioned above. Of these diseases, the leading position is occupied by GER, intestinal diverticulosis, which is found in almost 85% of patients over 85 years of age. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also leads to damage to the intestinal mucosa, causing chronic bleeding to develop. In older people, signs of such damage are mild or absent, so anemia may be the only manifestation of this pathological process. Other causes of blood loss play a role in people old age of secondary importance.

Studies have shown that there is almost no difference between the absorption of iron in the intestines of young and elderly people.

Because older people have less energy needs, their appetite is usually reduced and eating behavior changed, causing insufficient intake of iron into the body. Nutritional deficiency also occurs due to:

severe somatic illness that limits physical activity;
mental disorders;
Socio-economic status;
Insufficient consumption of foods with increased content gland.

Treatment of iron deficiency anemia

It is necessary to treat the underlying pathology that leads to the formation of IDA. Iron supplements are prescribed mainly as auxiliary treatment. It is worth noting that elderly patients often have serious contraindications to surgical treatment. In such situations replacement therapy iron becomes the main type of assistance.

Such drugs are subject to certain strict requirements:

There must be a sufficient amount of ferrous iron;
The preparation must contain accompanying components that promote better absorption of metal ions;
Convenient dosing and application regimen;
Reasonable price.

The time for parenteral administration comes when there are problems with absorption in the intestine, poor tolerance of iron when used enterally, if it is necessary to quickly deliver iron to targets. To effectively restore iron levels to normal numbers, you need 150-300 mg of divalent metal. Such substances are ferrous fumarate and sulfate. The drugs are used 1-2 tablets per day. For better tolerability medicine It is recommended to use it during meals.

Iron supplements for anemia: side effects

The most common are dyspepsia, constipation, nausea and vomiting. At parenteral administration Phlebitis, hypotension, chest pain, and allergic reactions are not uncommon.

Diet correction should be aimed at introducing into the diet foods containing sufficient amounts of iron, and this is meat with a metal bioavailability of 25-30%.

Iron distribution anemia (IDA)

The criteria for fatty liver disease are: Very often, in elderly patients, anemia occurs against the background of infectious and non-infectious diseases. They occur in almost 50% of cases. In this case, anemia occurs due to the redistribution of iron into macrophage cells, which are activated during inflammatory or tumor processes.

Normochromia or slight hypochromia;
Normal or reduced serum iron binding capacity and iron content;
Increased serum ferritin and bone marrow sideroblasts;
Laboratory and clinical signs acute inflammatory reaction.

GRA most often occurs in active tuberculosis, infective endocarditis, suppurative diseases, infections urinary tract. If we take into account non-communicable diseases, it is worth noting chronic hepatitis, tumors, rheumatoid arthritis.

B12 deficiency and folate deficiency anemia

Due to a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid, a disruption occurs in the processes of DNA synthesis in hematopoietic cells. Ineffective erythropoiesis of the megaloblastic type occurs. Thus, the red blood cells in these anemias are macrocytes.

B12 deficiency anemia: criteria

The color index is increased;
Megalocytosis;
Remnants of nuclei are observed in erythrocytes;
Leukopenia;
Thrombocytopenia and reticulocytopenia;
Increased iron in blood serum;
Megaloblastic hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow;
Mental and neurological disorders.

The reasons for the development of this anemia are:

Cancer of the fundus of the stomach and atrophic gastritis;
Surgical interventions on the stomach and enteritis;
Diverticulosis and pancreatitis;
Dysbacteriosis and chronic hepatitis;
Nutritional deficiency and improper use of certain groups of drugs.

Only research can accurately diagnose anemia bone marrow for the presence of megaloblastic hematopoiesis. If so anemia diagnosis impossible due to objective reasons, prescribe courses of vitamin B12 empirically. If ingested, the blood test will improve after 1-2 injections.

Treatment of B12 deficiency anemia

If the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment vitamin preparations should be carried out long time. Requires daily administration initially medicinal product until hemoglobin levels normalize. Then maintenance treatment is prescribed 1-2 times a month. With insufficient therapy, relapse may occur. Folic acid is not prescribed to patients with B12-deficiency anemia, as this will not improve the condition, but rather will cause pathological neurological symptoms.

Anemia - not fatal, but enough unpleasant illness, accompanied by a decrease in the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood. It is often accompanied by other, no less serious pathologies. That's why she needs certain treatment. After reading today's article, you will learn about the nutritional features of anemia.

General principles

When the first symptoms appear of this disease you need to consult a doctor. A competent specialist will identify the exact cause of the ailment and recommend an individual nutrition plan suitable for a particular patient. But if a person, due to some subjective reasons, cannot go to the clinic, he can be advised to adhere to certain rules regarding the use of certain products. Any dish should be prepared using a minimum amount of fat. All products consumed must contain sufficient high concentration proteins and B vitamins.

Proper nutrition for anemia completely eliminates the use of low-calorie diets designed to reduce body weight. During this period, a person should receive at least 2500 kcal per day. All dishes are best prepared from easily digestible varieties of meat, seafood, caviar, fish and eggs. During illness, you should stop the vegetarian diet and reduce the consumption of milk and its derivatives.

As for drinks, it is advisable to replace the usual tea or coffee with clean still water, fruit and berry compotes or rosehip decoction. Until complete recovery, it is advisable to stick to fractional meals. You need to eat small portions five or six times a day.

What can you eat during illness?

The list of permitted foods for anemia is quite wide. All of them are high in iron and provide invaluable benefits to the human body. The diet of people suffering from anemia must include meat and offal. The liver plays a special role in replenishing iron deficiency. Therefore, experts recommend consuming dishes prepared on its basis more often.

Also a menu of patients who have been diagnosed this pathology, should be varied with fish, oysters, mussels, mushrooms and chicken eggs. As for cereals, barley, millet, rice, oatmeal and buckwheat will be especially beneficial.

Diet for iron deficiency anemia must include nuts. Hazelnuts, peanuts and almonds are considered especially useful. Also, fresh vegetables and fruits must be present in the diet of a sick person. Therefore, the list of permitted foods should be supplemented with pineapples, peaches, bananas, apples and oranges. As for vegetables, the menu can be diversified with pumpkin, carrots, cauliflower, beets, zucchini and tomatoes.

Scientists have found that in addition to products containing large number iron, there are also those that promote its absorption. Therefore, until complete recovery, it is important to ensure that natural honey and some high-quality white wine periodically appear in the diet of a sick person.

What should you not eat if you are anemic?

People suffering from this pathology are strictly prohibited from consuming milk, fats, baked goods and drinks that contain caffeine. Also, during the rehabilitation period, it is advisable to limit the intake of food prepared with the addition of vinegar. This is due to the fact that this ingredient destroys blood cells.

Proper nutrition for anemia implies the complete exclusion of smoked meats, pickles, spicy and fried foods. It is highly undesirable to eat foods containing tannins and oxalic acid.

Sample diet for anemia in adults

The diet for people who have been diagnosed with this pathology should be drawn up taking into account the causes of the problem and the general condition of the individual patient. Regardless of these factors, nutrition for anemia and middle-aged women and men should be complete and well-balanced.

In any case, in daily ration it is necessary to include 50 g of sugar and 200 g of wheat and rye bread. For breakfast you can make porridge from cereals and vegetable salad. It is recommended to eat at lunch boiled rice, borscht with meat broth or light soup. Between meals, you are allowed to drink a little berry compote or rosehip decoction. For dinner you should eat meat with vegetables.

Approximate diet for babies

Proper nutrition for anemia in children is considered the most important comprehensive component of the treatment and prevention of anemia. The diet of children and adolescents diagnosed with this pathology must contain vegetables containing a high concentration of iron. This could be parsley, spinach and lettuce. All greens can be pre-treated heat treatment, since this will not affect the iron content in any way.

The children's diet must contain meat, liver, cheeses and egg yolks. During this period, it is undesirable to get carried away with dishes prepared on the basis of cereals. An exception can be made only for buckwheat porridge. As for drinks, children and adolescents suffering from anemia are recommended to drink enough water and rosehip decoction.

Nutrition for iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women

Many expectant mothers are often diagnosed with anemia. According to available statistics, every third pregnant woman suffers from this disease. This is due to the fact that a significant part of the beneficial microelements is spent on the formation and development of the fetus. To compensate for the resulting iron deficiency, a woman must monitor her diet more carefully.

Nutrition for anemia in pregnant women is based on basic principles applicable to all categories of patients. The basis of the expectant mother’s menu should be lean meat, fish, chicken eggs, some types of vegetables, fresh herbs and buckwheat porridge.

For better absorption iron is recommended to be consumed regularly green tea and natural pomegranate juice. At the same time, expectant mothers need to be careful about dishes prepared from liver. Since overuse of this product may cause pathologies in fetal development.

Nutrition for anemia in the elderly

As a rule, in people old age there is a whole set chronic diseases. Therefore, the diet of old people suffering from anemia should be slightly different from the menu of a younger person.

It is advisable to eat meat not in one piece, but in the form of casseroles, meatballs or cutlets. It is better to replace the usual dinner with yogurt, yogurt or low-fat cottage cheese. A couple of times a week, you can diversify your diet with chicken eggs.

As for porridges, they should be well boiled. Particular care should be taken when handling legumes, beets and cabbage. With age, the number of enzymes responsible for processing these products gradually decreases in the human body. Therefore, they can be consumed not on an ongoing basis and only in boiled form.

Vitamins for anemia

For better absorption of iron contained in food, additional substances are needed. Therefore, vitamin C must be included in the diet of people suffering from anemia. This is a powerful natural antioxidant that promotes iron absorption. It is found in large quantities in black currants, sweet bell peppers, citrus fruits and cabbage.

B vitamins play an equally important role in this matter. They are found in lettuce leaves, honey, liver, nuts, meat, fish, legumes and brewer's yeast.

Conclusion

From all of the above it follows that anemia is very common and quite unpleasant disease. Of course, when the first signs of anemia appear, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. After all, only a specialist can install the real reason problem arises and assign correct treatment. It is important to understand that anemia is one of those diseases, getting rid of which requires very competent integrated approach using special medications.

Proper, well-balanced nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of this disease. When creating a menu for each specific patient, it is important to take into account his age, individual characteristics And general condition body.

Of course, nutrition with anemia requires certain restrictions. But if you wish, you can prepare a lot of different not only healthy, but also quite tasty dishes for a sick person.

The diet for anemia in older women and during pregnancy includes heme sources of iron of animal origin, as well as plant sources, in which it is combined with vitamins.

Nutritional (nutritional) causes of anemia

The development of anemia (decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cells) is caused by increased blood loss or increased need for iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. Despite the fact that food is the main source of these substances, only a change in dietary style can prevent the development of anemia, but its treatment requires taking iron and vitamin complexes in the form of drugs.

About 15% of cases of anemia are not associated with iron deficiency. It is a necessary component for the construction of hemoglobin and is involved in the transfer of oxygen to tissues. The reasons for the insufficient supply of this mineral in the blood include:

disruption of absorption processes in the intestine;
incorrect combination of foods (for example, buckwheat porridge with milk);
monotonous diet with a predominance of carbohydrates or animal fats;
absence ascorbic acid, improving the absorption of iron salts.

The lack of microelement is especially severe during periods of intensive growth, pregnancy, and lactation.

Sources of iron

It can be obtained from plant and animal sources. In the latter case, it is heme, that is, it does not require additional processing to be included in hemoglobin. But it has been proven that its absorption occurs only with sufficient enzymatic activity of the intestines, that is, with healthy microflora.

Therefore, restore hemoglobin only meat products it doesn't always work out. At the same time, the liver (recommended by most nutritionists) contains it in a form that is difficult to process (transferrin, ferritin). Plants contain more of this microelement as a percentage, but its absorption requires the presence of vitamin C and the absence of calcium. dietary fiber, oxalic acid.

Despite the fact that it is impossible to fully compensate for iron losses during bleeding, helminthic infestation, renal failure or malabsorption in digestive system, food remains the most important condition successful treatment anemia.

How to increase low hemoglobin

The diet is enriched with the following products:

honey, pollen, bee bread;
fruits, fresh vegetables, cereals;
meat, fish, seafood (seaweed contains a lot of iron);
rosehip decoction, cranberry juice, citrus and blackcurrant juice, dried fruit compotes.

Copper helps improve iron absorption. It is found a lot in green vegetables (broccoli, zucchini, cucumbers), algae, apricots and cherries.

Foods that interfere with iron absorption

Substances that inhibit the transfer of microelements from food are represented by oxalates, phytates, pectin, and calcium. The following products are rich in them:

tea, cocoa, wine, coffee;
milk, cheese, kefir, cottage cheese;
bran;
corn;
sorrel, spinach.

They can not be completely excluded from the diet, but not combined with foods rich in iron at one time. Undesirable components of the diet are animal fats; they inhibit the absorption of iron and cause a number of metabolic disorders.

Dietary features for anemia in elderly women

Factors leading to the development of low hemoglobin in old age may include:

difficulty chewing food due to dental problems, exclusion of a number of products for this reason;
monotonous food;
diseases of the stomach, intestines, gall bladder, pancreas;
use of multiple medications over a period of time long period time.

Menu creation

In old age, the basis of the diet should be vegetables, cereals, dairy products, and fish. Be sure to consume the following foods and drinks every day:

first courses with greens;
fish, lean meat with a salad of fresh vegetables (if chewing is impaired, grate them), seasoned with lemon juice;
cottage cheese, kefir in a separate meal;
buckwheat and oatmeal;
seaweed salad;
dark varieties of honey (buckwheat, chicory);
black currant, chokeberry;
dried fruits;
ground nuts and seeds;
boiled and stewed vegetables;
casseroles with pumpkin and dried fruits;
rosehip decoction;
juices from apples and carrots.

Fatty, spicy dishes, sugar and white flour, and confectionery products are completely excluded from the menu.

Sample diet and recipes

To build a menu, you can use the following approximate food pane:

oatmeal with blackcurrant jelly, rosehip infusion;
cottage cheese casserole with pears, yogurt;
borscht with beans, buckwheat porridge with nuts and herbs;
pumpkin porridge with prunes, apple juice;
boiled pike perch, cucumber, beet and seaweed salad;
Ryazhenka

Blackcurrant jelly

For preparation you will need:

black currant berries - half a glass,
water - glass,
agar-agar - a heaped teaspoon,
stevia – 4 tablets or a tablespoon of fructose.

Pour agar-agar with water and set aside for an hour. Dissolve stevia in a glass of water, add currants and bring to a boil. Mash the berries and rub the broth through a sieve. Mix with swollen agar-agar and heat again, but do not boil. Pour into molds and place in the refrigerator to harden.

Buckwheat porridge with nuts and herbs

For this iron-rich meal you need to take:

buckwheat – 100 g,
salted boiling water – 200 ml,
walnuts – 50 g,
parsley, cilantro and dill - 10 g each,
half a clove of garlic,
lemon juice - a teaspoon.

Walnuts are ground in a coffee grinder or ground in a mortar. Throw the cereal into boiling water, cook for 15 minutes and cover the closed pan for half an hour. Ground nuts and finely chopped cilantro, crushed garlic and lemon juice are added to the finished porridge.

Nutrition for anemia in pregnant women

A deficiency of red blood cells and hemoglobin negatively affects not only the woman’s condition, but also poses a threat to the development of the child. In a group increased risk Patients with the following diseases are treated:

kidney inflammation, nephropathy;
infections;
chronic tonsillitis, rheumatism, heart valve defects;
digestive disorders due to gastritis, enteritis, colitis;
abundant uterine bleeding before pregnancy.

Iron deficiency anemia is often found in women with polyhydramnios, multiple pregnancies, repeat pregnancy against the backdrop of feeding a baby, frequent childbirth, and also if present in the past:

anemia with hemoglobin below 120 g/l;
toxicosis of the first half;
interruption threats.

Allowed and prohibited dishes

The diet for anemia in pregnant women is based on the following products:

lean varieties of fish and meat;
fresh dairy products;
citrus, bell pepper, currants, cranberries, rose hips, gooseberries, blackberries, cherries (contain vitamin C and organic acids);
sources of iron and B vitamins – buckwheat, oatmeal, millet, green peas, leafy greens;
rich in vitamins and microelements necessary for the formation of hemoglobin - eggplants, pumpkin, zucchini, tomatoes, legumes, seaweed.

It is not recommended to change your diet dramatically during pregnancy, but you should eat as much fresh vegetables and fruits, berries as possible, and prepare salads or juices from them. In this case, the emphasis should be on seasonal fruits growing in the area of residence. It is important to try to completely remove food “garbage” from your diet:

canned food, semi-finished products;
ready-made sauces;
sausages, smoked;
all products long-term storage with added preservatives;
containing dyes and flavors;
fast food;
animal fat;
cakes, pastries with cream.

Nutrition for anemia in elderly women and pregnant women - sample menu

To build therapeutic diet For anemia, you can use the following nutrition plan:

buckwheat porridge with prunes, apple juice;
salad of tomato, soft cheese, salad greens, cranberry juice jelly;
borscht with sour cream, poisonous chicken with celery and carrot salad;
cottage cheese casserole with dried fruits, yogurt;
stuffed eggplants, boiled fish, rosehip tea;
kefir.

Stuffed eggplants

For this dish you need:

eggplants - 3 small or medium (it is better to choose young ones);
feta cheese – 150 g;
tomatoes – 5 pieces;
purple onion – 1 piece;
sunflower seeds - two heaped spoons;
a bunch of mixed greens (any);
basil – 1 sprig;
mint – 1 sprig;
nutmeg - a quarter of a teaspoon;
olive oil - a tablespoon;
salt to taste.

Soak sunflower seeds in water overnight. Cut the eggplants, scoop out the pulp with a spoon, cover it with salt for 10 minutes. Then chop it as finely as possible and simmer with finely chopped onion. Peel the tomatoes, place them in boiling water for 1 minute, and chop coarsely. Add tomatoes, chopped herbs (except basil and mint), and nutmeg to the pan with the onion and eggplant pulp. Simmer the mixture for 10 minutes, mix with seeds and crumbled cheese.

Stuff the eggplants with this mixture and bake them in the oven (lightly grease the pan) for 45 minutes at 180 degrees. Let cool and sprinkle with mint and fresh basil when serving.

Anemia is a very common pathology found in adults and children. Many people do not pay any attention to its symptoms, citing general fatigue of the body after school or work.

However, in order not to aggravate the situation, you can stick to the correct one. Properly selected products will help saturate the blood with oxygen and restore hemoglobin levels.

Anemia (anemia) is a number of diseases that are accompanied by a decrease in hemoglobin content in the blood. This reduces the number of red blood cells.

Symptoms of the disease:

General weakness, muscle pain, inability to concentrate.
Insomnia. Even with normal quantity 8 hours of sleep, a person cannot get enough sleep.
Unnatural shortness of breath after any physical activity.
The appearance of circles under the eyes, the skin becomes pale, and the nails become split.
Abnormal bowel movements, loss of appetite.
Headaches, dizziness.
Decrease and increase in pressure. High temperature.
Frequent oral problems.
Nausea and vomiting.

Principles of nutrition

The essence proper nutrition- this is rich. Also, with it, the body should receive a large amount of vitamins and microelements. This not only increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood, but also improves all body functions.

The peculiarity of this technique is that it is high-calorie. Carbohydrates are found in normal level, however, the amount of proteins and microelements consumed increases. Daily calorie content should not exceed 3500 kcal and be less than 3000 kcal.

Principles:

. Doctors and nutritionists advise dividing the day into 4-7 meals. Thus, the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract improves, metabolism accelerates, appetite appears, and food is better absorbed.
Basic treatment. Anemia is not separate existing disease. Usually it is one of the symptoms of some pathology. You can’t just follow a diet and hope for full recovery. It is necessary to find the cause of its appearance and prescribe appropriate treatment.
Do not eat very hot or cold food.
Acceptable except for frying. Food should bring the body as many beneficial microelements as possible. Fried foods contain the smallest amount of them.
Alcohol. It is strictly forbidden to use alcoholic drinks. They slow down the process of iron absorption by the body.
Salt and water balance. You can consume no more than 12 grams of salt per day. You need to drink at least 2.5 liters of water. A small amount of fluid thickens the blood.

Do's and Don'ts

Nutrition for anemia in both the elderly and adults allows for the consumption of many foods and imposes certain prohibitions.

Allowed:

bran bread;
broths and soups;
lean meat;
fresh vegetables;
cereals;
pasta;
dairy products;
fermented milk drinks;
sauces;
eggs;
herbal decoctions;
green tea;
seafood;
berries;
beans;
fruits.

Forbidden:

fatty meat and fish;
sweets;
flour;
canned food;
alcohol;
fatty dairy products.

Doctors recommend creating a diet based on the need for iron intake. Daily norm for anemia – 20 grams. Cooking food is mainly done using steam. This way you can save more vitamins and microelements. Be sure to stick fractional meals and make a daily allowance.

For breakfast you can eat a small amount of cheese, oatmeal, steamed fish, stewed vegetables with chicken breast, fruits, fresh vegetables. From all this variety you can make breakfast.
For second breakfast you can eat stewed vegetables, baked potatoes, boiled fish, fermented milk drinks.
For lunch you can eat various broths, borscht, cabbage soup, and fish soups.
Afternoon snack (not every version of the method is available). It is advisable to eat fruits, berries or nuts.
For dinner you need to prepare dishes from lean meat and fish. Fresh vegetables are added to them.

Recipes

The waiting diet can have a very varied menu, thanks to big list permitted products.

Roast

To prepare you will need half a kilogram of beef, the same amount of potatoes, 2 onions, one carrot, 2 tablespoons of olive oil, parsley, dill, salt.

Actions:

Peel vegetables.
Chop the onion into smaller pieces and grate the carrots on a coarse grater.
Fry them in a heated frying pan for 1-2 minutes, add a little water and simmer for another 5 minutes.
Cut the potatoes into small pieces and place them in a baking dish. Pour vegetable mixture on top.
Cut the beef into small pieces and add to the vegetables. Add a glass of water and salt to taste.
Cover with foil.
Bake in the oven at 180 degrees for 30 minutes.

Spaghetti with cutlets

To prepare you will need 200 grams of spaghetti, the same amount ground beef, boiled egg, onion, 3 tablespoons tomato paste, tablespoon vegetable oil, salt.

Actions:

Peel the onion and grate it on a fine grater. Do the same with the boiled egg.
Add onion and egg to the minced meat, add salt.
Roll the minced meat into cutlets and cook them in a double boiler until cooked.
At this time, cook the spaghetti and add a tablespoon of vegetable oil to it.
Add tomato paste before use.

Vegetable salad

To prepare you will need bell peppers, zucchini, onions, celery, olives, tomatoes, 50 grams of hard cheese, a tablespoon of olive oil, parsley, dill, pepper, salt.

Actions:

Peel the zucchini and onion. Cut the vegetables into small pieces.
Mix them in a deep plate. Grate the cheese over them on a fine grater.
Add herbs, pepper, salt and olive oil. Mix thoroughly.

Diet for anemia in children

One of the main causes of anemia in children is iron deficiency in the body. Children under 12 months of age need to use special formulations to replenish iron levels. After 1 year, you can introduce meat into your diet, which is rich in this microelement.

Sample menu for the week

Here will be presented nutrition for anemia with a compiled menu for one week:

Day of the week	Eating	Menu
Monday	1	Boiled oatmeal, raisins, apple
	2	Mushroom soup, two breads, steamed beef cutlets
	3	Freshly squeezed orange juice
	4	Mashed potatoes, baked white fish fillet
Tuesday	1	Boiled buckwheat, a glass of milk, a teaspoon of honey
	2	Borscht, bran bread
	3	Morse
	4	Beef liver stewed with onions, fresh herbs
Wednesday	1	Steamed omelette of two eggs, tomato
	2	Fish soup, rye bread
	3	Freshly squeezed grapefruit juice
	4	Baked white fish, steamed vegetables
Thursday	1	Boiled oatmeal, berries
	2	Chicken broth with vegetables, bread
	3	Freshly squeezed carrot juice
	4	Baked beef with vegetables
Friday	1	Casserole with dried fruits, sour cream
	2	Bean soup, 2 breads, chicken fillet
	3	Herbal decoction
	4	Beef pasta and meatballs, fresh herbs
Saturday	1	Fruit salad, toast
	2	Soup with chunks chicken breast, 2 loaves
	3	Morse
	4	Mashed potatoes, baked chicken fillet
Sunday	1	Cottage cheese, green tea
	2	Chicken broth, fresh vegetables, bread
	3	Freshly squeezed tomato juice
	4	Beef steak with grilled vegetables